Objective To summarize recent researches on mechanism of the hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC) and its clinical applications on hepatectomy and liver transplantation.Methods Relevant references about basic and clinical researches of hepatic IPC were collected and reviewed.Results Recent experimental researches indicated that IPC could relieve hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) by remaining and improving energy metabolism of liver,regulating microcirculation disorder,decreasing the production of lipid peroxidation and oxyradical.It could also inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of cytokine,suppress cell apoptosis and induce the release of endogenous protective substance.Till now,most of the clinical researches had confirmed the protective function of hepatic IPC,but there were still some references with opposite opinions.Conclusion Hepatic IPC could relieve liver IRI,but its clinical application value on hepatectomy and liver transplantation still need more researches to prove.

Donor infection can be transmitted to the recipients through the grafts, leading to complications and even death. Donor-derived infection is an important cause of early infection after solid organ transplantation. The Chinese version of Guide to the Quality and Safety on Organs for Transplantation (6th edition) drafted by European Union in 2016 has been officially published. The Chapter 8 entitled 'Risk of infectious disease transmission' elaborates the medical history and behavioral history of infection risk of asymptomatic donors, basic screening highlights of various types of infections, transmission risk, prevention and control strategies of various pathogens. This chapter was mainly interpreted in this article.