Objective: To investigate reversal of drug resistance in human ovarian cancer cells by c-jun antisense. Methods: A c-jun antisense was applied to treat resistant and sensitive A2780 cell lines, and to observe the expression levels of c-jun, ?-GCS and GSH in two cell lines. Results: c-jun antisense inhibit c-jun gene expression in resistance cell lines . The mRNA level of the key enzyme in GSH synthesis, ?-glutamyl cysteine synthetase, was also reduced. The GSH content in resistant cells was dropped about 75 % . MTT analysis show that the resistant cells IC_(50) to cisplatin was dropped from 40 ?mol/L to 1.0 ?mol/L after a c-jun antisense treatment. No significant effect was observed in senstive cells (0.2 ?mol/L). Conclusion: A c-jun antisense can inhibit its gene expression in cells, and GSH synthesis in resistant cell was also inhibited. The resistant cells could be reversed to the level of sensitive cells.

The research of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been developing for more than 20 years. In this review, we present a brief introduction to recent advances in researches on apatite CPC, brushite CPC, composite CPC materials; on factors affecting CPC capability and application; and on new application of CPC. The view that emphasizes the significance of studies on CPC with quicker degradation and osteoblast activity is put forward, particularly.
Absorbable Implants ; Bone Cements ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Aim To design and synthesize new phenyloxyisobutyric acid analogues as antidiabetic compounds. Methods Eight new target compounds were synthesized by combination of lipophilic moieties and acidic moiety with nucleophilic replacement or Mitsunobu condensation. The eight compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and MS. Results In vitro insulin-sensitizing activity (3T3-L1adipocyte) demonstrated, that the cultured glucose concentration of up-clear solution detected with GODpioglitazone, compounds A and B were added to the insulin-resistant system. Conclusion In vitro insulin-sensitizing activity of target compound A is in between that of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, and activity of target compound B is slightly less than that of pioglitazone.

Bone cement samples were made of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate(MCPM) powder (Ca/P = 1.67) by using water and 5.24 mg/ml of self-made type I collagen sol as hardening liquid with the solid-liquid ratio of 3:1, their setting time and compressive strength were tested. The results showed that: the compressive strength of TTCP/MCPM bone cement containing collagen could increase from 17.8 +/- 1.9 MPa to 22.7 +/- 1.6 MPa, but its setting time hasn't been significantly affected; the compressive strength of both samples immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) could increase, and the growth rate of the sample containing collagen increased especially; both samples immersed in SBF for 4d and 14d, whose compressive strength could increase to 31.8 +/- 3.9 MPa (collagen)/19.5 +/- 1.3 MPa and 38.1 +/- 3.1 MPa (collagen)/21.9 +/- 2.2 MPa. According to the IR analysis before and after the collagen was mineralized, it showed that: after the collagen was mineralized, the characteristic peaks of the collagen's amide I band showed red-shift, while the amide II band and the amide III band nearly disappeared, suggesting that chemical action occurred between the collagen and hydroxyapatite (HA), which should be the basis of the enhancement on the TTCP/MCPM bone cement caused by collagen; while according to the SEM and XRD patterns of the sample surface before and after the samples were immersed in SBF, it showed that: the immersion in SBF changed brushite (DCPD) into HA, at the same time, large number of new HA deposited, making the samples' surface more dense and smooth. It was not only the enhancement mechanism of immersion in SBF, but also showed the coagulating and hardening process of TTCP/MCPM bone cement was that: the DCPD was generated firstly, then it changed into HA.
Bone Cements ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Collagen Type I ; chemistry ; Compressive Strength

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) was prepared by means of plasma source ion implantation-ion beam enhanced deposition. Through the heat treatment upon DLC in air and in depressed Ar gas, the DLC rich in graphite, DLC rich in diamond, and other kinds of DLC used in the study were obtained respectively. For the three kinds of DLC, the components of carbonaceous phase were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the adsorptive amounts of human serum albumin (HSA), human serum fibrinogen (HFG) and human serum immunoglobin (IgG) on their surfaces in the condition of constant temperature were determined by radio isotope 125I labelling method. Results showed the graphite phase and diamond phase in DLC increased by two times or so respectively after the aforementioned different heat treatment. In pace with the increase of these foreign phases, the adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DLC greatly increase but the adsorptive amounts of HSA on DLC decrease; furthermore, there is a change from non-selective adsorption of three human serum proteins into selective adsorptions of HFG and IgG prior to HSA. These results indicate that the foreign phases in DLC such as graphite, diamond, C-H phase and C-O phase have a great effect on protein adsorption on DLC and hence a negative effect on the hemocompatibility of DLC. The mechanisms for the increase of graphite phase and diamond phase in the process of heat treatment were also discussed in this paper.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Surface Properties

In order to evaluate diamond like carbon film (DLC), DLC containing Si, graphite, diamond film (DF), low temperature isotropic carbon film (LTIC) and SiC, we investigated the correlations between surface energy parameters and hemocompatibility indices such as kinetic clotting time, hemolysis and platelet consumption. An analysis of T-type correlation degree in the Grey system theory was performed. The results showed: (1) all of correlation degrees between kinetic clotting time and polar surface energy parameters were positive, but for critical surface tension, the correlation degree was negative; among five of surface energy parameters, interface tension had the highest relation degree (0.63) with kinetic clotting time, and critical surface tension (-0.43) took the second place; (2) on the contrary, all of correlation degrees between hemolysis and polar surface energy parameters were negative, but for critical surface tension, the correlation degree was positive; and that which had closer correlations with hemolysis were still interface tension (-0.43) and critical surface tension (0.29); (3) critical surface tension had the highest relation degree (0.68) with platelet consumption, and surface tension (0.32) took the second place; (4) kinetic clotting time possessed higher negative correlation degrees with hemolysis (-0.57) and platelet consumption (-0.36). These data indicate that kinetic clotting time depended on a balance between the polarity of surface and the limited humidifying of water on the surface, and that platelet consumption was based on good humidification and power polarity of surface, while hemolysis was promoted by the aid of chromatic dispersion action stemming from the surface and fully humidifying of water on the surface. There was "seesaw effect" between kinetic clotting time and hemolysis or platelet consumption, hence the hemocompatibility of carbonaceous biomaterials could be equivalently evaluated by using kinetic clotting time as an index. It has been confirmed: (1) successive occurrences, including adhesion, deformation and collection of platelets on the material surfaces as results of protein adsorption, are the major mechanism of blood coagulation of carbonaceous materials; (2) the hemocompatibility of carbonaceous biomaterials can be evaluated by using critical surface tension as an index. These findings may underpin the hemocompatibility evaluation of carbonaceous biomaterials based on surface properties.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Feasibility Studies ; Graphite ; chemistry ; Hemolysis ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Surface Properties

In this paper, the adsorption of human serum albumin(HSA), human serum fibrinogen (HFG) and human serum immunoglobin(IgG) on diamond like carbon film(DLC) has been studied in comparison with diamond film (DF) and graphite. The isothermal adsorption of the protein solution with single component and the competitive adsorption of binary protein system have been investigated by radio isotope 125I labelling method. Results showed that (1) the adsorptive amounts of three proteins on three material surfaces are all increased with the increasing concentration of protein solution, then the adsorption tends to reach an equilibrium; (2) the adsorptive amounts of three protein on graphite far exceed that on DLC and DF; (3) the adsorptive amounts of HSA on DLC are more than that on DF, while the adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite are apparently more than that on DLC; (4) the differences among the adsorptive amounts of three proteins on DLC are small, but adsorptive amounts of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite are much more than that of HSA; (5) the relative competitive adsorption ability of three proteins on DF and graphite is HFG > IgG > HSA, but on DLC, the sequence is HFG approximately HSA > IgG. Comparing with HSA, HFG has no apparent competitive adsorption superiority to DLC. These results indicate that there is no apparent difference for the adsorption of three human serum proteins on DLC, but the adsorption of HFG and IgG on DF and graphite takes precedence of various degrees. It probably makes a rational explanation for the result of hemocompatibility tests in vitro that DLC is superior to, DF and graphite.
Adsorption ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Proteins ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Fibrinogen ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoproteins ; chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Membranes, Artificial ; Serum Albumin ; chemistry

In order to clarify the mechanism of blood coagulation for carbonaceous biomaterials, the plasma rich in platelet was obtaining through the centrifugation of fresh human blood containing anticoagulant. Adhesive tests of platelets to surfaces of DLC, diamond film(DF) and graphite was carried out at 37 degrees C. Then, morphology observation, counting and deformation index calculation of the platelets adhering to surfaces of the three kinds of materials were analyzed by SEM. It has been shown that there is no any platelet on the surface of DLC, but on DF and graphite, a lot of platelets are observed with serious deformation of type III-V. The adhesive amounts of platelet on the surface of graphite are more than those on DF, but deformation index of platelets on the surface of DF is more than that on graphite. Three major conclusions have been obtained through comparative analyses with our previous researches and related literatures: (1) Adhesion, deformation and collection of platelets occurred in succession on material surfaces resulting from protein adsorption are the major mechanism of blood coagulation of carbonaceous materials; (2) Deformation degree of platelets is more important hemocompatibility index than consumption ratio of platelets for carbonaceous materials; (3) The purer the DLC, the better is the hemocompatibility. These conclusions possess important directive function for improving and designing carbonaceous materials used in artificial mechanical heart valves.
Biocompatible Materials ; Blood Platelets ; pathology ; Carbon ; Diamond ; Graphite ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Surface Properties

To clarify the reason causing difference of serum proteins adsorbability on different carbonaceous materials, FT-IR-ATR spectra of human serum albumin (HSA) and human serum fibrinogen(HFG) before and after adsorbing on diamond like carbon film (DLC),diamond film (DF) and graphite were analyzed. It has been shown that there are hydrogen bond because of -NH at the interfaces of HSA-DLC, HFG-DF and HFG-graphite. Based on the results, earlier research conclusion that the adsorbability of HSA on DLC higher than that on DF and graphite, but on DF and graphite the adsorption of HFG takes precedence can be explained rationally.
Adsorption ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Graphite ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membranes, Artificial ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

The correlations between surface energy parameters and carbon phase components in six diamond like carbon film (DLC) samples made in different ways and processing conditions were further investigated using the analysis of T-type correlation degree in the Grey system theory based on our earlier studies such as the determination of carbon phase and surface energy parameters, the analyses of carbon phase components, surface energy parameters and adhesive characteristic of platelets for DLC. The results showed: (1) as a whole critical surface tension has the closest relation with carbon phase components, chromatic dispersion branch of surface tension takes the second place, but for the other four parameters, the correlation is weak; (2) DLC phase has larger negative correlation (degrees -0.57, -0.33) with critical surface tension and chromatic dispersion branch of surface tension, while its correlation degrees with the other four parameters related to polarity are all positive values smaller than 0.20; (3) C-H phase and C-O phase have larger positive correlation (degrees 0.48, 0.25) with critical surface tension. We have come to three conclusions (1) DLC phase plays a dominant part in hemocompatibilioty of DLC by powerfully decreasing humidification and limitedly increasing polarity; (2) the energy mechanism of platelet deformation enhanced by C-H phase and C-O phase involves increasing the critical surface tension of DLC; (3) the hemocompatibility of DLC can be evaluated by using the critical surface tension as index and using the content of DLC phase and additional content limitation of C-H phase and C-O phase as standard. This study has provided a theoretical basis for evaluating the hemocompatibility of DLC based on surface properties.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Membranes, Artificial ; Models, Biological ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Surface Properties