A Clinical observation was made on 124 cases of hydronephrosis in the department of urology, Hanyang University Hospital during 8 years and 7 months from May, 1972 to December, 1980. The following results were obtained: 1. The rate of hydronephrosis accounted for 5.2% of the total patients (2385 cases) admitted to the Department of Urology. 2. The patients in this series ranged from a 1 month old female to a 78 years old male patient. The most common age group was the 3rd decade (26.6%). The male and female ration was 1.8:1. 3. The left side was affected 1.7 times more than the right, 12 cases were bilateral (9.7%). 4. In etiology, acquired ureteral stricture was most common (34 cases-27.4%) followed by congenital UPJ stenosis (26 cases-20.8%). In children there were 7 cases (43.6%) of congenital UPJ stenosis and the male and female ratio was 1.8:1. In acquired ureteral stricture. 25 cases (73.5%) were due to renal tuberculosis. 5. Among the symptoms on admission flank pain occurred in 53 cases (35.5%), and hematuria in 23 cases (16.6%). The duration of the symptoms in most cases was 12 months or more (33%). 6. By urinalysis pyuria was found in 71 cases (57.2%). Urine culture was performed in 65 cases and E. coli was detected in 18 cases (27.7%). B.U.N. was elevated in 17 cases (14.5%) and creatinine 8 cases (6.5%). 7. Cystoscopy was performed in 97 cases. Abnormal cystoscopic findings were seen in 45 patients (46.4%). 8. 123 operation were performed in 112 of 124 patients. Nephrectomy and ureteronephrectomy were done in 38 cases (28.3 %), urinary diversion 13 cases (9.6%) and ureteroneocystostomy 12 cases (8.9%). In 26 cases of congenital UPJ obstruction (congenital UPJ stenosis and aberrant renal vessel and fibrotic band), 4 of 11 cases (35.4%) were nephrectomized from May, 1972. to December, 1976 and 3 of 15cases (20%) were nephrectomized from January, 1977 to December, 1980.
Aged ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Creatinine ; Cystoscopy ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Pyuria ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; Ureter ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Diversion ; Urology

A clinical observation was made on 20 ureteral diseases in 17 pediatric patients who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Hospital, from May 1972 to February 1982, and the following results were obtained. 1. Pediatric patients with ureteral diseases were 17 of 2584 total urologic patients giving a ratio of 0.6%, and of 359 total pediatric patients 4.7%. 2. The preschool children (1 to 6 years of age) were most frequently seen (14.2%). The proportion of male to female was 3.3:1. 3. The most common disease was congenital UPJ obstruction (60%). The other diseases were UVJ obstruc tion, V-U reflux, ureterocele with complete double ureter subsequently. 4. The most common manifestation included flank pain in 9 cases, fever and chilling in 7 cases, hemturia in 5 cases, gastrointestinal syruptome in 5 cases, palpable mass in 4 cases subsequently. 5. The most common associated disesses were 2 cases of the renal stone in UPJ obstruction. 6. Of the 20 cases, 12 cases underwent dismembered pyeloplasty, 4 cases ureteroneocyst0stomy, 2 cases heminephrectomy with ureterectomy. The remained 2 cases were treated with conservatively.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Male ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Diseases* ; Ureterocele ; Urology

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the quality of the Korean web sites of medical information about degenerative osteoarthritis. METHOD: The search term 'degenerative osteoarthritis' was entered into five popular Korean web search engines. The web sites for the first 20 matches generated by each search engine were grouped by author and evaluated by DISCERN instrument, certification standard of internet health information by Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS instrument), and guidelines and items for evaluation of internet health information by Chung and Park (Chung & Park Instrument). RESULTS: Of the 100 sites identified, only 44 were unique and included in the analysis. Eight sites were commercial and each 21, 5, 3, 7 sites were authored by physician, public institute, oriental medical doctor and others, respectively. By DISCERN instrument, there was a significant difference in total score, reliability of publication and overall quality rating. By KAMS instrument, there was a significant difference in total score, reliability, and content. By Chung & Park instrument, there was a significant difference in total score, objectivity, accuracy, credibility and authority. CONCLUSION: The quality of degenerative osteorarthritis information on the internet varied greatly. Web sites authored by public institutes and physicians were ranked higher than others.
Academies and Institutes ; Certification ; Internet* ; Osteoarthritis ; Publications ; Search Engine

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the medial longitudinal arch of the foot with simple radiography METHOD: We reviewed 387 feet of 219 patients with no deformity who took weight-bearing foot simple radiography. Foot length, length from talonavicular joint to posterior heel (TN), length from cuneonavicular joint to posterior heel (CN), length from cuneiform-metatarsal joint to posterior heel (CM) were measured with the digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) files of the picture archiving communication system (PACS) (PiViewSTAR(r), INFINITT, Korea). RESULTS: There was significant correlation of foot length and relative location of joints of medial longitudinal arch. In males, relative value to foot length of TN, CN, CM was 39.86+/-0.97%, 45.97+/-1.20%, and 57.12+/-1.15% respectively. In females, relative value to foot length of TN, CN, CM was 39.41+/-1.19%, 47.12+/-1.44%, and 56.51+/-1.37% respectively. There were significant differences between men and women for location of joints of medial longitudinal arch. CONCLUSION: Location of joints of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot can be given a numerical value.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Foot* ; Heel ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Radiography ; Weight-Bearing

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is uncommon pleomorphic tumor of the soft tissues possibly arising from the histiocyte. A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the retroperitoneum stimulated our interest in this uncommon and pathologically intriguing lesion. So we report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the retroperitoneal space.
Histiocytes ; Histiocytoma ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Retroperitoneal Space

The renal agenesis and ectopic ureter were relatively rare congenital disease, but their combined form was more extremely rare condition. We report a case of ectopic ureteral opening associated with ipsilateral renal agenesisthat noted recurrent epididymitis in 18 month old children with review of literatures.
Child ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Ureter*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, smoking and alcohol on postural sway (PS) and limb load asymmetry (LLA) in the rural inhabitants in Korea METHOD: Nine hundred and sixty inhabitants were included in this study. PS and LLA were recorded while the subjects were standing on two adjacent force platforms (Mediance(R); Human-Tech Inc, Korea) in a comfortable stance for 30 seconds. Bone mineral density was measured in the right calcaneus by ultrasonography (Sahara(R); Hologic Inc, USA). History of diabetes and smoking were taken through interview. RESULTS: PS and LLA were correlated with age (p<0.01). There were significant decreases in PS and LLA in the young age-group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in PS and LLA in terms of sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI and smoking. There was a significant difference in LLA (p<0.05) but no difference in PS between diabetic and normal groups. CONCLUSION: PS and LLA may be related with ageing. Diabetic group may have higher LLA than normal group. However, sex, osteoporosis, height, weight, BMI, and smoking may not affect on PS and LLA.
Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Calcaneus ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extremities* ; Korea* ; Osteoporosis ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of lateral wedged insole on foot of osteoarthritis patients. METHOD: 11 osteoarthritis patients participated in this study. Plantar peak pressures in shoes were measured by pedar(R) during a comfortable gait in three conditions (no wedge, with 5 degree wedged insole and with 10 degree wedged insole). Plantar pressure was analyzed by pedar C-expert program at TO (whole foot), M1 (medial heel), M2 (lateral heel), M3 (medial midfoot), M4 (lateral midfoot), M5 (1st, 2nd metatarsal area), M6 (3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsal area), M7 (great toe), M8 (2nd, 3rd toe area), M9 (4th, 5th toe area) zones respectively. RESULTS: There were significant differences in peak plantar pressures of whole foot, heel zone, and lateral midfoot zone according to wedge type. But there was no significant difference in peak plantar pressures at medial midfoot zone and forefoot zone according to wedge type. CONCLUSION: There were difference in peak plantar pressures of osteoarthritis patients according to wedge type.
Foot ; Gait ; Heel ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteoarthritis* ; Shoes ; Toes

The purpose of this study was to assess the current materials, methods and difficulties according to the year of licence and educational background of Korean dentists in Class II direct composite resin restorations. Total 17 questions were included in the questionnaire. Questions were broadly divided into two parts; first, operator's information, and second, the materials and methods used in Class II posterior composite restoration. The questionnaire was sent to dentists enrolled in Korean Dental Association via e-mail. Total 12,193 e-mails were distributed to dentists, 2,612 e-mails were opened, and 840 mails (32.2%) were received from respondents. The data was statically analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS(v. 12.0.1, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Male dentists among respondents was 79%. 60.3% of the respondents acquired their licences recently (1998-2007), and 77% practiced in private offices. 83.4% have acquired their knowledge through school lectures, conferences and seminars. For the Class II restorations, gold inlays were preferred by 65.7% of respondents, while direct composite resin restorations were used by 12.1% amalgam users were only 4.4% of respondents. For the restorative technique, 74.4% of respondents didn't use rubber dam as needed. For the matrix, mylar strip (53.4%), metal matrix (33.8%) and Palodent system (6.5%) were used. 99.6% of respondents restored the Class II cavity by incremental layering. Obtaining of the tight interproximal contact was considered as the most difficult procedure (57.2%) followed by field isolation (21%). Among various bonding systems, 22.6% of respondents preferred SE Bond and 20.2% used Single Bond. Z-250 was used most frequently among a variety of composite resins.
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Chicago ; Composite Resins ; Congresses as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Dentists ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Inlays ; Korea ; Lectures ; Male ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Postal Service ; Rubber Dams ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients (21 men, 19 women ; age range, 37 to 73 years; median, 63 years) with unresectable stage IIIB to IV NSCLC were evaluated. Patients received cisplatin 60mg/m2 (Day 1), gemcitabine 1200mg/m2 (Day 1 and 8) every 21 days. Eighteen patients had stage IIIB disease and 22 had stage IV. There were 28 patients of adenocarcinoma (70.0%), 11 of squamous cell carcinoma (27.5%), and one of large cell carcinoma (2.5%). RESULTS: Of 40 patients, no patients showed complete response while 15(37.5%) showed partial response, 7(17.5%) had stable diseases, 18(45%) had progressive diseases. During a total of 195 courses of chemotherapy, grade 3 or more granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occured in 12.5% and 2.5% of patients respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild and easily controlled. There was one case of treatment-related death by pneumomia. The median survival was 55 weeks (95% CI, 34~75weeks), and the time to progression was 19 weeks (95% CI, 16~23weeks). One year survival rate was 55% and 2 year survival rate was 10%. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of cisplatin and gemcitabine combination chemotherapy was acceptable in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agranulocytosis ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Survival Rate ; Thrombocytopenia