This study aims at analyzing the articulator of human body and its composition using the Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI, 0.5 Telsa). The MRI images were photographed for 1cm per every cm of human body using TR 600ms and TE 20ms spin-echo sequence. For this test, 6 healthy male subjects were sampled. The subject's heights and weights were measured before photographing and then their entire bodies were photographed in the MRI whole body scanner which has a 56cm diameter. It took 90~120 minutes to scan every subject's body during scanning the subjects were allowed to put their both hand beside their femurs. According to his height, each subject were photographed for 180~200 MR slices and every image was analyzed on the tracing paper via X-ray reading View Box. Then, the traced images were all volumized through computer scanner and CAD program, and thereupon, each volume was multiplied by its density coefficient. The results of study can be summarized as follows ; The mass of the bones occupied 8.41±0.62kg, which accounted for 11% of the body mass. The femurs accounted for 19.73±2.73% of the bone mass in terms of bodily articulation. The muscle occupied 39.70±5.28kg which accounted for 51.28±8.98% of the body mass. The part which has the richest muscle mass was femur which accounted for 33.93±5.58% of entire muscle mass. The fat accounted for 24.61±11.6% of the body mass, among which the back waist including inside intestinal fat occupied 30.66±3.64%. It was suggested through this study that MRI analysis is the most suitable method to evaluate the composition of human body and that the data acquired through MRI analysis may apply as references to other indirect or estimated evaluation of human body.
Body Composition* ; Dental Articulators ; Femur ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methods ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVETo search for a method for the precise measurement of human semen volume so as to provide reliable evidence for clinical semen analysis.

METHODSThe volumes of 492 semen samples collected from 137 donors by Zhejiang Human Sperm Bank were measured respectively by three different methods including electronic balance weighing, volumetric cylinder measuring, and combination of the two methods above. With the combined measuring method, the semen weight was first obtained by electronic balance weighing, then the semen density determined by volumetric cylinder measuring, and lastly the semen volume figured out by a formula. Paired sample t-test was used to compared the combined method with electronic balance weighing and volumetric cylinder measuring.

RESULTSThe mean volume of the 492 semen samples obtained by the combined measuring method was (3.46 +/- 1.17) ml, significantly lower than (3.75 +/- 1.21) ml from electronic balance weighing (P < 0.05) and markedly higher than (3.22 +/- 1.16) ml from volumetric cylinder measuring (P < 0.05). The mean semen density of the 492 samples was (1.0928 +/- 0.0761) g/ml, and the mean weight of the residual semen in the container used in volumetric cylinder measuring was (0.269 +/- 0.122) g.

CONCLUSIONSemen volume measured by electronic balance weighing is higher while that obtained from volumetric cylinder measuring is lower than the actual value. An accurate semen volume can be achieved by the combined measuring method, which, therefore, deserves to be widely used both clinically and in researches.

Adult ; Body Weights and Measures ; Humans ; Male ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between Body Mass Index, suicide, perceived stress, and life dissatisfaction in a general population sample of Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 6,022 nationally representative adults aged 18 to 74 were selected using a multistage cross-sectional cluster sampling method. Questionnaires regarding suicide behaviors, perceived stress, and life satisfaction were completed by the participants. They also reported their heights and weights, which were used to calculate BMI. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The results showed that being underweight was associated with higher risk for suicide ideation [odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.18–2.05] and suicide attempt (OR, 2.0, 95% Cl, 1.23–3.31). Likewise, obesity also increased the risk of suicide ideation (OR, 1.3; 95% Cl, 1.11–1.56) although not suicide attempt. Furthermore, underweight individuals were more likely to report severe level of perceived stress (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.26–2.17) and life dissatisfaction (OR, 1.3; 95% Cl, 1.07–1.68). All of the results remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and psychiatric illnesses. CONCLUSION: This study found that being underweight is a significant risk factor for suicide and poor subjective wellbeing in Korea. It suggests that BMI status may be an important modifiable factor for improving mental health in Korea.
Adult ; Body Mass Index* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Suicide* ; Thinness ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between patients' weight and abdominal cross-sectional dimensions and CT image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 39 cancer patients aged more than 65 years with multislice CT scan of abdomen. All patients underwent equilibrium phase contrast-enhanced abdominal CT with 4 slices (from top of the right kidney) obtained at standard tube current (240 280 mA). All other scanning parameters were held constant. Patients' weight was measured just prior to the study. Cross-sectional abdominal dimensions such as circumference, area, average anterior abdominal wall fat thickness and, anteroposterior and transverse diameters were measured in all patients. Two subspecialty radiologists reviewed randomized images for overall image quality of abdominal structures using 5-point scale. Non-parametric correlation analysis was performed to determine the association of image quality with patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. RESULTS: A statistically significant negative linear correlation of 0.46, 0.47, 0.47, 0.58, 0.56, 0.54, and 0.56 between patient weight, anterior abdominal fat thickness, anteroposterior and transverse diameter, circumference, cross-sectional area and image quality at standard scanning parameters was found (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between image quality, patients' weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions. Maximum transverse diameter of the abdomen has the strongest association with subjective image quality.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Body Weights and Measures/*statistics & numerical data ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Observer Variation ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Abdominal/*methods ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

Strength training is one of the most common exercises practiced in the field of physical therapy or sports training. However, limited methodology is available to evaluate its effect on the target muscle. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that surface electromyographic (EMG) data from both isometric and isotonic exercise can express changes within the muscle during a 12-week strength training program. Ten healthy male volunteer students (5 for training, 5 for controls) from Yonsei University were recruited for evaluation in this study. DeLorme's axiom was practiced for 12 weeks in the dominant elbow flexors and knee extensors of the training group. Tension for 1 repetition maximum and maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and surface EMG information such as the integrated EMG and three variables from the regression line of median frequency (MDF) data were measured at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. The limb circumference was measured at weeks 0 and 12. During the strength training, which was enough for the increment of muscle strength and limb circumference, the rectified-integrated EMG and initial MDF increased with a significant linear pattern in both types of contraction. The two surface EMG variables were able to monitor the physiologic muscle changes during the training. Based on these results, we propose that these two surface EMG variables can be used for monitoring electrophysiological changes in the specific muscle that is undergoing the training program, under conditions where the contraction mode for EMG data collection is either static or dynamic.
Quadriceps Muscle/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Isotonic Contraction/physiology ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Humans ; Fourier Analysis ; Exercise Therapy/*methods ; Electromyography/*methods ; Body Weights and Measures ; Adult

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that better placement of the acetabular cup and femoral stem can be achieved in total hip arthroplasty (THA) by using the computer navigation system rather than the free-hand alignment methods. However, there have been no comparisons of the relevant clinical advantages in using the computer navigation as opposed to the manual intraoperative measurement devices. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of computer navigation can improve postoperative leg length discrepancy (LLD) compared to the use of the measurement device. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study comparing 30 computer-assisted THAs with 40 THAs performed using a simple manual measurement device. RESULTS: The postoperative LLD was 3.0 mm (range, 0 to 8 mm) in the computer-assisted group and 2.9 mm (range, 0 to 10 mm) in the device group. Statistically significant difference was not seen between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed good equalization of the leg lengths using both computed tomography-based navigation and the simple manual measurement device.
Acetabulum/surgery ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/instrumentation/*methods ; Body Weights and Measures ; Female ; Femur/surgery ; Humans ; Leg ; Leg Length Inequality/*surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the area of the regurgitant orifice, as measured by the use of multidetector-row CT (MDCT), with the severity of aortic regurgitation (AR) as determined by the use of echocardiography for AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 45 AR patients underwent electrocardiography-gated 40-slice or 64-slice MDCT and transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. We reconstructed CT data sets during mid-systolic to enddiastolic phases in 10% steps (20% and 35-95% of the R-R interval), planimetrically measuring the abnormally opened aortic valve area during diastole on CT reformatted images and comparing the area of the aortic regurgitant orifice (ARO) so measured with the severity of AR, as determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: In the 14 patients found to have mild AR, the ARO area was 0.18+/-0.13 cm2 (range, 0.04-0.54 cm2). In the 15 moderate AR patients, the ARO area was 0.36 +/- 0.23 cm2 (range, 0.09-0.81 cm2). In the 16 severe AR patients, the ARO area was 1.00 +/- 0.51 cm2 (range, 0.23-1.84 cm2). Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis determined a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82%, for a cutoff of 0.47 cm2, to distinguish severe AR from less than severe AR with the use of CT (area under the curve = 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.00; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Planimetric measurement of the ARO area using MDCT is useful for the quantitative evaluation of the severity of aortic regurgitation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve/physiopathology/radiography/ultrasonography ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Area Under Curve ; Body Weights and Measures/methods ; Echocardiography/methods ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of nutrition management in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG).

METHODSClinical data of 22 obese T2DM patients undergoing LSG from March 2013 to July 2015 in Fudan University Pudong Medical Center were collected. All the patients strictly followed the specialized instruction by nutritionists: diabetic and low calorie diet 3347.2 to 5020.8 kJ (800 to 1200 kcal) per day before the operation; low calorie liquid diet 2510.4 kJ(600 kcal) per day before operation for promoting gastric emptying; fasting diet before postoperative ventilation; clear liquid diet 1673.6 to 2510.4 kJ (400 to 600 kcal) per day after postoperative ventilation (liquid intake >2000 ml); low fat liquid diet 2928.8 to 3765.6 kJ (700 to 900 kcal) per day (protein 60 g per day at least, 2000 ml liquid) 2 weeks after the operation; semi-liquid diet 1 month after operation and gradually normal diet. All the 22 patients were followed up at 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months after operation on time. Changes of body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose indexes induding fasting blood glucose(FBG), 2-hour postparandial blood glucose(PBG), fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, fasting serum inculin(FINS), 2-hour postprandial inculin(INS), HbAlc, blood pressure and blood lipid indexes were observed and analyzed before and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 months after operation.

RESULTSThe average age of 22 patients (10 men and 12 women) was 38.6 years (18 to 66 years). The duration of diabetes varied from 1 month to 15 years. Comorbidity included 12 patients of high blood pressure, 14 of fatty liver, 1 of coronary heart disease, 1 of gout, 1 of chronic thyroiditis and 1 of menstrual disorder. LSG was performed successfully in all the patients and no severe complications and transference to laparotomy occurred. As compared to pre-operation, at 6 months after operation, the average body weight decreased from (103.9±20.2) kg to (80.9±12.6) kg (t=6.294, P=0.000), waist circumference from (118.6±13.8) cm to (96.4±8.0) cm (t=6.331, P=0.000), hip circumference from (116.9±12.6) cm to (104.0±7.7) cm (t=3.854, P=0.000), BMI from (36.2±5.9) kg/mto (27.9±3.5) kg/m(t=5.630, P=0.000), showing a decreasing trend over time. There was no underweight patient after 6 months follow-up. As compared to pre-operation, at 6 months after operation, the average FBG reduced from (7.4±1.4) mmol/L to (6.0±0.9) mmol/L (t=3.172, P=0.003), 2 h PBG from (14.1±4.9) mmol/L to (7.5±2.2) mmol/L (t=7.026, P=0.000), FINS from (160.0±71.9) mIU/L to (43.8±20.8) mIU/L (t=7.259, P=0.000), 2-hour postprandial INS from (437.6±261.4) mIU/L to (140.5±104.6) mIU/L (t=5.858, P=0.000), fasting C-peptide from (1.1±0.6) μg/L to (0.7±0.3) μg/L (t=3.560, P=0.000), 2-hour postprandial C-peptide from (2.5±0.9) μg/L to (1.5±0.7) μg/L (t=3.865, P=0.000), HbAlc from (8.0±1.6)% to (5.9±0.6)% (t=5.953, P=0.000), showing a decreasing trend over time except FBG, 2h postprandial C-peptide and HbAlc(all P<0.05). FBG and 2-hour PBG of 16 patients returned to normal 3 months after the operation. Blood pressure and trigly ceride decreased obviously 6 months after operation compared to pre-operation with significant difference(P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, blood pressure of 8 comorbidity patients with high blood pressure became normal (8/12, 66.7%) and of 4 patients improved(4/12, 33.3%); B ultrasound examination revealed normal in 11 comorbidity patients with fatty liver(11/14,78.6%) and improvement in 3 patients (3/14,15.4%). Blood uric acid of the gout patient and the menstruation of the menstrual disorder patient returned to normal 3 months and 1 month after the operation respectively.

CONCLUSIONAs for obese patients with T2DM undergoing LSG, reasonable nutrition management is helpful to decrease body weight, and to obtain an ideal improvement of blood glucose and blood lipid levels.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bariatric Surgery ; Blood Glucose ; physiology ; Body Weights and Measures ; C-Peptide ; blood ; physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Comorbidity ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; therapy ; Diet Therapy ; methods ; Diet, Diabetic ; Endoscopy ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Food, Formulated ; Gastrectomy ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; physiology ; Gout ; complications ; surgery ; Hashimoto Disease ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; surgery ; Insulin ; blood ; physiology ; Lipids ; blood ; physiology ; Male ; Menstruation Disturbances ; complications ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; complications ; therapy ; Perioperative Care ; methods ; Thyroiditis ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Triglycerides ; blood ; physiology

To establish a fetal biparietal diameter (BPD)-gestational age formula based on the data of pregnant women from Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, and to evaluate its application in prenatal screening.Data of 3500 pregnant women with gestational age between 15 weeks and 19 weeks+6 receiving prenatal screening in Xiaoshan Hospital during May 2014 and May 2015 were collected. BPDs were used to establish a localized BPD-gestational age formula. The localized formula was used to evaluate the prenatal screening risks in 1759 pregnant women with irregular menstrual cycles or uncertain last menstrual period (LMP) in Xiaoshan District, and the results were compared with those calculated using formula in LifeCycle 4.0.With localized formula, the total positive rate of Down syndrome, trisomy 18 syndrome and deformity of neural tube was decreased from 6.96% to 5.85% (<0.05), in which the positive rate of Down syndrome decreased (<0.05), that of deformity of neural tube increased (<0.05), and that of trisomy 18 syndrome remained the same (>0.05). The median MoMs of free-hCG β and α-fetoprotein calculated using localized formula were significantly different from those calculated using the formula in LifeCycle 4.0 (all<0.05), and the former ones were more closer to 1. For women of fetus diagnosed with the above diseases, the positive rate calculated using localized formula was almost the same as that calculated using the formula in LifeCycle 4.0.BPD-gestational age formula should be localized based on the statistical analysis of the local population, which will help to reduce the false positive rate, and make the results more accurate and reliable in prenatal screening.
Adult ; Body Weights and Measures ; standards ; Cephalometry ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human ; blood ; standards ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Down Syndrome ; diagnosis ; embryology ; Epidemiologic Measurements ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Gestational Age ; Head ; embryology ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Menstrual Cycle ; Neural Tube Defects ; diagnosis ; embryology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Reference Values ; Trisomy ; diagnosis ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; analysis ; standards