This present study was undertaken to observe the changes of superficial and deep body temperature in 80 surgical patients during general anesthesia. it calculated total body heat loss and compared the effects of several drugs which were used for relieving postoperative shivering. The results were as follows: 1) The mean skin temperature increased contineously over that of the control value after 20 minutes of induction of anesthesia. But there was little significance. 2) Tympanic temperature decreased significantly after 20 minutes(p<0.005), esophageal temperature decreased after 60 minutes(p<0.05), and rectal temperature decreased significantly after 90 minutes(p<0.05). 3) There was continuous loss of body heat during general anesthesia. 4) Pethidine has an excellent effect for relieving postoperative shivering.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Shivering ; Skin Temperature

Measurement of corpse temperature is mainly used for estimation of early postmortem interval, and rectal temperature is often used as a representative of body's core temperature in actual work because it is simple, quick and non-invasive. At present, the rectal temperature postmortem interval estimation method internationally accepted and widely used is HENSSGE's nomogram method, while many domestic scholars also deduced their own regression equations through a large number of case data. Estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature still needs further study. The nomogram method needs to be optimized and extended, and quantification of its influencing factors needs to be dealt with more scientifically. There is still a lack of consensus on the probability and duration of the temperature plateau. There is no clear understanding of the probability and extent of the change in initial temperature caused by various causes. New methods and ideas enrich methodological research, but it still lacks systemicity and practicality. This article reviews the researches on estimation of postmortem interval based on rectal temperature in order to summarize the current situation of previous researches and seek new breakthrough points. Because the decline of body temperature can be easily influenced by many factors in vitro and vivo, and the influencing factors in different regions vary greatly, regionalization research and application may be a practical exploration to improve the accuracy of postmortem interval determination.
Autopsy ; Body Temperature ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Probability ; Temperature ; Time Factors

BACKGROUND: We studied the effects of body temperature changes and repeated hypoxic stimulation on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). METHODS: We isolated lungs from 15 rabbits and perfused them at a constant flow of 30 ml/kg/min with a 3% albumin-physiologic salt solution containing autologous blood. After a 30-minute stabilization, the temperature of the perfusate was changed from 38oC to 32oC gradually. The lungs were ventilated for 15 minutes with a hyperoxic gas mixture consisting of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide and then for 5 minutes with a hypoxic gas mixture consisting of 3% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide with the balance being nitrogen. We repeated the hypoxic stimulation 3 times at the same temperature. The mean pulmonary artery pressure changes and ventilation-related parameters were measured at each hypoxic stimulation. RESULTS: With the first hypoxic stimulation, the hypoxic pressure response at the end of the 5-minute hypoxic period decreased significantly at 32oC. With the second and the third hypoxic stimulations, the hypoxic pressure responses at the end of the 5-minute hypoxic period decreased significantly at both 34oC and 36oC. With repeated hypoxic stimulations, the hypoxic pressure responses potentiated significantly at all temperatures. The baseline mean pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly below 34oC. CONCLUSION: The HPV decreased with the reduction in body temperature and was potentiated by repeated intermittent hypoxia; also, the pulmonary vascular resistance increased with the reduction in the body temperature.
Anoxia ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Carbon Dioxide ; Lung* ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rabbits* ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction*

It is known that changes in body temperature occur during surgical operations with the patient under general anesthesia. Body temperature who has had elective surgery on St. Mary's Hospital at spring time (February to April) was measured by rectal thermometer. Body temperature was checked at before surgery and immediate postoperatively. Measured body temperature was analysed for sex, comparison of abdorninal surgery, skin graft or cranial surgery (who had exposed room temperature (20~23 degrees C) as almost naked), duration of operation, types of anesthetic system and operating room temperature. Results were as follows; 1. In abdominal surgery, body temperature change in man was decreased 0.64 degrees C postoperatively, in woman decreased 0.35 degrees C pastoperatively. But no statistical significance was obtained(p>0.05). 2. In abdominal surgery, body temperature change was decreased 0.25 degrees C postoperatively but room temperature was increased 0.51 degrees C significantly(p<0.01) postoperatively. Correlation coefficient between body temperature and room temperature was not observed (gamma=0.37, 0.04). 3. In skin graft and cranial surgery, body temperature was decreased 1.3 degrees C postoperatively and room temperature was increased 0.4 degrees C, respectively. But no statistical significance and no correlation coefficient were observed. 4. In duration of surgery (in abdominal surgery), body temperature was decreased 0.75 degrees C within 2 hours and over 3 hours duration, each. 5. In duration of surgery (in skin graft and cranial surgery), body temperature was significantly decreased 0.51 degrees C within 2 hours and significantly decreased 1.17degrees C over 3 hours duration(p<0.001). 6. In vaporizer inside the circuit (Air-Med anesthetic machine), body temperature was increased 0.3 degrees C postoperatively and was significant(p<0.001). Room temperature change was significantly increased 1.17 degrees C postoperatively and was significant(p<0.001).
Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Humans ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Operating Rooms ; Skin ; Thermometers ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system or a cotton blanket in postoperative patients after general anesthesia for abdominal surgery.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study utilized two experimental groups and one control group: a cotton-blanket group (n = 25) were warmed with a cotton blanket and a sheet; a forced-air warming group (n = 24) were warmed with a Warm Touch warming system, a cotton blanket, and a sheet; and a control group (n = 25) were warmed with a sheet. Measurement variables were postoperative pain, body temperature, and thermal discomfort. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, χ2-tests, Fisher's exact test, and a repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: The effects of active warming using a Warm Touch warming system and a cotton blanket on postoperative patients was significant in reducing pain (F = 13.91, p < .001) and increasing body temperature (F = 12.49, p < .001).CONCLUSION: Active warming made a significant difference in pain and body temperature changes. Active warming methods may help patients' postoperative recovery and prevent complications. Further research is needed to explore the effects and side effects of active warming on recovering normothermia.
Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Changes ; Humans ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postanesthesia Nursing

BACKGROUND: Core hypothermia after induction of anesthesia results from an core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and a loss of body heat to environment. The purpose of this study is finding body temperatures during operation by either general of epidural anesthesia and evaluates content of total body heat. METHODS: We measured tympanic membrane temperature, 4 point skin temperature (mid calf, mid thigh, upper extremity, nipple). And we calculate mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, total body heat content changes based on tympanic membrane temperature and 4 point skin temperature. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane temperature of the first group decreased significantly after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.005), the second group decreased after 45 minutes of induction. Although upper extremity temperature has continuously increased as time passed, there was no significant difference in both group. Lower extremity temperature has significantly increased after 30 minutes of induction in the first group, and the second group has significantly increased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05). Mean skin temperature hasdecreasd temperaturily in both group after 10 minutes of induction and increased as time passed. Mean body temperature of the first group has significantly decreased after 10 minutes of induction (p<0.05) and second group has no significant changes. Total body heat content has continuously decreased after induction with no significance. CONCLUSIONS: General anesthesia reveals more significant decrease than epidural anesthesia. Both groups show significant decrease of body temperature after induction. We think that we need to close attention to temperature changes after induction for preventing possible side effects due to core hypothermia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General* ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Hot Temperature ; Hypothermia ; Lower Extremity ; Skin Temperature ; Thigh ; Tympanic Membrane ; Upper Extremity

The tourniquet is usually applied for the orthopedic surgeries on the lower extemity to obtain the bloodless surgical field and to reduce blood loss.However, there are various complications such as nerve and tissue damage from compression, hemodynamic changes, and metabolic changes from ischemia after applieation of the tourniquet. Release of the tourniquet with reperfusion of the lower limb results in transient core body temperature change and other important hemodynamic, respiratory, and metabolic changes. I observed the mild core temperature drop following the release of the tourniquet at the surgical procedure of the lower extremity during inhalation anesthesia. The results were as follows ; The mean drop in temperature of 0.5 degree (about 11.9 min ; mean) was observed following the tourniquet release. Compared with the baseline value, the decreases in temperature at 8, 10 and 15 min, were statistically significant. There was significant correlation between the duration of tourniquet application and temperature drop (r= 0.293).
Anesthesia, Inhalation* ; Body Temperature Changes ; Hemodynamics ; Inhalation* ; Ischemia ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Reperfusion ; Tourniquets*

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the changes of body temperature and to identify the factors related to changes during surgery in burned patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 439 adult burned patients who had a surgery under general anesthesia at the Burn Center of a university hospital. RESULTS: After surgery, body temperature of the burned patients declined from 36.6℃ to 35.2℃; 52.2% were hypothermia. There were significant differences in the changes of body temperature according to the participants' characteristics including American society of anesthesiologists physical status, type of burn injury, total burn surface area, range of exposure, operation time, anesthesia time, amount of fluid, blood transfusion, use of tourniquet, and the method of warming therapy. Factors that influence the temperature changes were total burn surface area (β=0.26), operation time (β=0.25), amount of fluid (0.20), and warming therapy including ‘Room temperature setting + Heated circuit + Hot line’(β=0.09) and ‘Room temperature setting+one of others’(β=0.08). CONCLUSION: Burned patients experienced a decrease of their body temperature during surgery despite of warming therapy. A nursing protocol is needed to provide an appropriate warming therapy based on their characteristics in burned patients.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Transfusion ; Body Temperature Changes* ; Body Temperature* ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Incidence* ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Nursing Assessment ; Retrospective Studies ; Tourniquets

PURPOSE: The trend of body temperature change during laparoscopic surgery and the most adequate site for monitoring temperature measurements have not been investigated thoroughly. In this study body temperature change during laparoscopic surgery was measured and measurements of the tympanic, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal core temperatures in surgical patients with total intravenous anesthesia were compared. METHODS: From February to October 2013, 28 laparoscopic surgical patients were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Seoul. The patients' core temperature was measured 12 times at ten minute intervals from ten minutes after the beginning of endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: Repeated measure of core temperatures indicated a significant difference according to body part (p=.033), time of measure (p<.001) and the reciprocal interaction between body part and time of measure (p<.027). The core temperatures were highest at tympany location, lowest at nasopharynx. The amount of temperature change was least for the esophagus (36.10~36.33degrees C), followed by nasopharynx and tympany. CONCLUSION: The esophageal core temperature showed the highest stability followed by nasopharyngeal and tympanic temperature. Therefore, close observations are required between 10~20minutes after the beginning of the operation.
Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Body Temperature Changes ; Esophagus ; Human Body* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laparoscopes* ; Laparoscopy ; Nasopharynx ; Seoul ; Tertiary Care Centers

BACKGROUND: Rapid fluid warming has been a cardinal measure to maintain normothermia during fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic patients. A previous laboratory simulation study with different fluid infusion rates showed that a fluid warmer using magnetic induction is superior to a warmer using countercurrent heat exchange. We tested whether the simulation-based result is translated into the clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Two hundred twenty recipients who underwent living donor liver transplantation between April 2009 and October 2011 were initially screened. Seventeen recipients given a magnetic induction warmer (FMS2000) were matched 1 : 1 with those given a countercurrent heat exchange warmer (Level-1 H-1000) based on propensity score. Matched variables included age, gender, body mass index, model for end-stage liver disease score, graft size and time under anesthesia. Core temperatures were taken at predetermined time points. RESULTS: Level-1 and FMS groups had comparable core temperature throughout the surgery from skin incision, the beginning/end of the anhepatic phase to skin closure. (P = 0.165, repeated measures ANOVA). The degree of core temperature changes within the dissection, anhepatic and postreperfusion phase were also comparable between the two groups. The minimum intraoperative core temperature was also comparable (Level 1, 35.6degrees C vs. FMS, 35.4degrees C, P = 0.122). CONCLUSIONS: A countercurrent heat exchange warmer and magnetic induction warmer displayed comparable function regarding the maintenance of core temperature and prevention of hypothermia during living donor liver transplantation. The applicability of the two devices in liver transplantation needs to be evaluated in various populations and clinical settings.
Anesthesia ; Body Mass Index ; Body Temperature Changes ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Hypovolemia ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation* ; Living Donors* ; Propensity Score ; Resuscitation ; Rewarming ; Skin ; Transplants