Objective To estimate the safety and feasibility of fast track surgery (FTS) in operations for gastric cancer.Methods The Cochrane library,PubMed,EMBASE,Chinese biomedical literature database,China journal full text database,Chinese scientific journals full text database were searched with the key words of gastric cancer,gastric carcinoma, FTS,fast track surgery, enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS, 胃癌,and 快速康复外科.The search was finished in April,2011.Randomized controlled trials of FTS for patients with gastric cancer were included.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted the data independently.Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.2 software.Results Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1270 patients were included.The results of meta analysis showed that FTS could significantly shorten the first exhaust time (MD =-6.15,95 ％ confidence interval:-8.22- -4.07,P＜ 0.05) and hospital stay ( MD =- 2.68,95％ confidence interval:- 3.26- - 2.10,P ＜ 0.05 ),and reduced the hospital fees ( MD =- 0.39,95 ％ confidence interval:- 0.55- - 0.22,P ＜ 0.05 ).FTS could lighten the postoperative stress and relatively enhance the immunity.Conclusion Compared with conventional methods,FTS could speed up the rehabilitation for patients with gastric cancer postoperatively without increasing the adverse reactions.

Objective: To explore the effect of complement C3 a-C3a receptor in the kidney immune inju-ry in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice by using C3a receptor specific antagonist C3aRA and discuss the patho-genesis of kidney injury in occupational dermatitis medicamentosa-like of trichloroethylene (ODMLT) . Methods: 42 female 6~8 weeks old BALB/c mice of specific pathogen free were randomly divided into blank control group (5) , solvent control group (5) , TCE treatment group (16) and TCE+C3aRA treatment group (16) . The TCE treat-ment group and TCE+C3aRA treatment group were further divided into the sensitized group and the non-sensi-tized group according to the skin sensitization test score. Renal function was detected by biochemical detection kit; expression of C3aR in kidney tissue was detected by qPCR; expression of IL-1β and TNF-α protein were de-tected by immunohistochemical. Results: Compared with solvent control group and corresponding non-sensitized group, CRE and BUN in TCE sensitized group and TCE + C3aRA sensitized group were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Compared with TCE sensitized group, CRE and BUN in TCE+C3aRA sensitized group were signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05) . Compared with solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group, the expression level of C3aR gene in kidney tissue in TCE sensitized group was significantly increased (P<0.05) . There was a large number of IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression in kidney tissue in TCE sensitized group and TCE+C3aRA sensitized group. Compared with the TCE sensitized group, the expression level of IL-1β and TNF-α protein in kidney tissue in TCE+C3aRA sensitized group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Conclusion C3a-C3aR may be involved in the kidney immune injury in TCE sensitized mice, C3aRA has a protective effect on the kid-ney immune injury in TCE sensitized mice.

Objective: To explore the expression of CD55 in liver tissue of trichloroethylene-sensitized mice and discuss the role of CD55 in the liver immune injury of trichloroethylene-sensitized mice. Methods: 6-8 weeks specific pathogen free female BALB/c were randomly divided into blank control group, solvent control group and TCE treatment group to establish BALB/c mice sensitized model. According to mouse skin sensitization reaction score, TCE treatment mice were divided into sensitized and non-sensitized group at 24 h after the last challenge. At 48 h after the last challenge, the blood and aseptic livers were collected. The level of serum ALT was tested by automatic biochemical analyzer and pathology of the liver was observed. C5b-9 deposition was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) . CD55 protein expression level in liver tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The expression of CD55 mRNA in liver tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. Results: Liver function test result showed level of serum ALT in TCE sensitized group was significantly higher than solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group (P<0.05) . There was ballooning degeneration and necrosis of liver cells in TCE sensitized group. IHC demonstrated that TCE sensitized group had obviously increased content of C5b-9 but had reduced content of CD55 compared with solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group (P<0.05) . Western blotting also showed that TCE sensitized group had lower expression of CD55 than solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group (P<0.05) . qRT-PCR showed that CD55 mRNA expression level in liver tissue of TCE sensitized group was apparently lower than solvent control group and TCE non-sensitized group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Complement activation may be involved in TCE-induced liver injury, and the expression change of complement regulatory protein CD55 may play essential role in the process.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of cathepsin L( CTSL) on the skin of trichloroethylene( TCE)-sensitized mice,and explore the mechanism of CTSL in TCE-induced immunological skin damage. METHODS: The specific pathogen free female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group( n = 5),solvent control group( n = 5),TCE group( n = 15) and inhibitor group( n = 15). Skin sensitization experiments were performed according to the maximum guinea pig test method. The TCE group and inhibitor group were divided into sensitized subgroups and non-sensitized subgroups according to skin sensitization results. The skin tissues were taken 72 hours after the last TCE challenge.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological structure of skin tissues and measured the thickness of epidermis. The level of Ctsl mRNA was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and the expression of CTSL, interleukin( IL)-6 and IL-17 were studied by immunohistochemical staining technique. RESULTS: The sensitization rate of TCE group and inhibitor group were 40. 0%(6/15) and 33. 3%(5/15) respectively. There was no statistical difference in the sensitization rate between the two groups( P > 0. 05). The thickness of epidermis and relative expression of Ctsl mRNA,CTSL,IL-6 and IL-17 in TCE sensitized subgroup and inhibitor sensitized subgroup were higher than that in blank control group,solvent control group,TCE non-sensitized subgroup and inhibitor non-sensitized subgroup(P < 0. 05). The above-mentioned indexes were higher in TCE sensitized subgroup than that in inhibitor sensitized subgroup( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of Ctsl mRNA,CTSL,IL-6 and IL-17 in skin of TCE sensitized subgroup were positively correlated between any two indexes( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: CTSL activation may play an important role in immunological skin damage of TCE-sensitized mice,which may be related to the promotion of IL-6 and IL-17 release.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 （SARS-CoV-2） and its variants are still globally spreading. Vaccines can reduce the mortality， but cannot eliminate the risk of infection. The identification and protection of the high-risk susceptible population remains of great importance for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV2 and other coronavirus infections. Smoking is an important risk factor for many respiratory diseases， and therefore may also influence the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection and the disease progression after infection. This study reviewed the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence supporting the relationship between tobacco exposure and SARS-CoV2 infection， summarized the contributing effects of tobacco exposure to the infection risk， disease severity， and mortality of COVID-19， and analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking affects COVID-19 through regulating inflammatory microenvironment and gene expression.