Migraine is a heterogeneous disease with various subtypes,and the diagnosis of migraine mainly relies on clinical criteria.The lack of specific biomarkers for objective assessment impacts the precise diagnosis,treatment selec-tion,and prognostic assessment of migraine.In recent years,great progress has been made in migraine in terms of genet-ics,biochemistry,and imaging,which provides objective indicators for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of migraine.Identifying specific,sensitive,easily detectable,and highly feasible markers in clinical practice will accelerate the early di-agnosis and precise treatment of migraine.

Visual snow syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent television snowflake sensation in vision. The international classification of headache diseases in 2018 has established its diagnostic criteria.However,the pathogenesis of this disease is unclear, and it is a common disease with migraine, tinnitus, anxiety and depression, and there is no specific treatment, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patient.