Objective To screen the serum protein molecular markers of postmenopausal osteoporosis by the proteomicsanalysis using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).Methods 20 serum protein samples were recruited (10 cases of postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and 10 cases of postmenopausal women without osteoporosis)and the high abundance ratios protein was removed,differentiation protein was extracted and labeled with TMT reagent.Then,mass spectrometric detection,data analysis of differentially expressed proteins,and analysis of biological information were carried out.Results 87 significantly differentially expressed proteins were screened from the differentiated protein expression profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS combined with TMT labeling.While 50 proteins were up-regulated,and 37 proteins were down-regulated.Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by GO annotation,these proteins are mainly involved in 15 kinds of biological processes,7 kinds of cellular component,6 kinds of molecular function.RAB7A,TSP1,GAS6,SPP24 were screenedas candidate proteins which were related to mechanism of bone remodeling of osteoporosis.By STRING 10.0 protein interaction network analysis tools,RAB7A,TSP1,GAS6 were located in the center of the interaction network.SPP24 was located at edge of the network,but it is directly related to the protein BMP-2 of bone remodeling.RAB7A,TSP1,GAS6,SPP24 may be associated with the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Conclusion These results provide that the proteomics analysis by using TMT coupled with LC-ES1-MS/MS was a feasible method for screening the molecular biomarkers.It suggests that RAB7A,TSP1,GAS6 and SPP24 may be useful biomarkers which can be used both in diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective To observe the effect of propofol on cognitive functions and hippocampus tissue in hyperlipidemia aged rats.Methods Seventy-six aged male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into basal diet with propofol injection (group PI), basal diet with normal saline injection(group N1), high-fat diet with propofol injection (group P2) and high-fat diet with normal saline injection (group P2), with 19 rats in each group.Eight weeks later,group P1 and P2 received intraperitoneal injection of propofol 100 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 5 days.While in group N1 and N2, rats received the same intraperitoneal injection of equal volume normal saline.One day after the last injection, escape latency and space exploration were detected by Morris water maze in the next six days.One hour after the last water maze test, the serum and hippocampus were sampled to detect the expression of beta-amyloid protein and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(RAGE) by immunohistochemical method and ELISA respectively.Results In place navigation tests,the escape incubation period(98.20±25.40)s in group P1 was obviously longer than that in N 1 group (47.50± 11.08) s (P＜ 0.01).Compared with P2 (99.79 ± 20.38) s, escape incubation period was shortened in N2 (50.70± 20.55) s (P＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference between N2 and N1 (P＞0.05), while the escape incubation period in group P2 was longer than P1 (P＜ 0.05).In spatial probe test,platform passing number ((2.86 ±1.46)times) in group P1 were less than that in N1 group ((7.50± 1.70) times, P＜0.05).In group N2, the platform passing number ((6.60 ±3.91) times) were more than those in group P2 ((1.16 ±1.16)times, P＜0.05) while there was no significant difference between group N1 and N2 (P＞0.05).Times of crossing platform in group P2 were less than that in P1 group (P＜0.05).Compared with group N1((147.83±60.88) ng/L) and N2((152.73±87.50) ng/L) ,the expression of RAGE protein was increased in group P1((629.89±110.33) ng/L) and P2((229.89±53.20) ng/L) (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between N1 and N2 groups(P＞0.05) ,while the expression of RAGE protein in P1 group was lower than that of P2(P＜0.05).In immunohistochemical test, positive expression cells in P1 ((18.49± 1.53) and P2 (25.67±3.08)) were higher than that in group N1(9.33±2.31) and group N2(12.14±2.52) (P＜0.05) ,while there was no significant difference between group N1 and N2(P＞0.05).Conclusions Anesthetic dose of propofol can injure spatial learning and memory ability in aged rats.Hyperlipidemia might act synergistically with propofol.

Objective To explore the predictive ability of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) before,during,and 2 months after radiotherapy with concomitant/adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ).Methods GBM patients,admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to January 2016 and confirmed by pathology,were chosen in our study;all patients underwent postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with concomitant/adjuvant TMZ.And 3D-MRS was performed before,during,and 2 months after radiotherapy,the levels of N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA),choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr),and ratios of Cho/NAA,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr in the GBM/edge of surgery side and the normal brain tissues were observed.The survival curve,median overall survival (mOS) and median progression free survival (mPFS) of patients with standardized Cho decreased＜30％ and patients with standardized Cho decreased＞30％ 2 months after radiotherapy were compared.Results Twenty-one patients finished the scheduled MRS for 3 times.Until the end of our study,16 patients died and 5 survived.Standardized Cho gradually decreased before,during,and 2 months after radiotherapy (2.08±0.22,1.45 ±0.21 and 1.16±0.18),with significant differences (P＜0.05).Standardized Cho after radiotherapy was significantly decreased as compared with that before radiotherapy (P＜0.05).Ratios of Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr in the GBM/edge of surgery side were significantly higher than those in the normal brain tissues (P＜0.05),and ratio of NAA/Cr in the GBM/edge of surgery side was significantly lower than that in the normal brain tissues (P＜0.05).Ratio of Cho/NAA gradually decreased before,during,and 2 months after radiotherapy,with significant differences (P＜0.05).As compared with patients with standardized Cho decreased＜30％ 2 months after radiotherapy,patients with standardized Cho decreased＞30％ 2 months after radiotherapy had significantly decreased rates of OS and PFS,and statistically shorter mPFS and mOS (4.5 vs.13.5,10.9 vs.25.3,P＜0.05).Conclusion The changes of standardized Cho 2 months after radiotherapy have high prognostic significance for PFS and OS.

Objective:To validate the morphological changes of the parieto-occipital sulcus on the transcalvarial axial plane between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation, simplify grade for assessing fetal parieto-occipital sulcus development, and confirm its clinical feasibility.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study analysis that included 550 cases of normal singleton fetuses between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation, who underwent routine ultrasound examinations at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from September 2019 to June 2022. The morphological changes of the bilateral parieto-occipital sulci on the transcalvarial axial plane were observed. The development of the parieto-occipital sulcus was classified into 6 grades based on the developmental features of angulation, progressive closure, and curvilinear growth: straight or shallow arcuate (Grade 0), shallow and wide V-shaped (Grade 1), deep and narrow V-shaped (Grade 2), Y-shaped (Grade 3), I-shaped (Grade 4), and curvilinear (Grade 5). The gestational age at examination and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The distribution of gestational weeks for fetuses with different grades of parieto-occipital sulci on the left and right sides was analyzed. The symmetry between bilateral parieto-occipital sulcus gradings within individuals, as well as the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were assessed using the Weighted Kappa coefficient. The gender differences in asymmetry of parieto-occipital sulci grades between the left and right sides was analyzed. Moreover, a model for predicting the grade of the parieto-occipital sulcus based on gestational week was established.Results:Grade for the left parieto-occipital sulcus was obtained for 549 fetuses, while grade for the right was obtained for 550 fetuses. From 20 to 32 weeks of gestation, the morphology of the fetal parieto-occipital sulcus was divided into Grade 0-5, progressing from low to high with gestational development. Grade 0 showed that the sulcus was not visible or only had a slight arcuate indentation, occurring at 20-22 weeks; Grade 1 presented as a shallow and wide "V" shape with an obtuse angle at the top, appearing from 20 to 27 weeks; Grade 2 was a deep and narrow "V" shape with an acute angle at the top, appearing from 24 to 29 weeks; Grade 3 appeared as a "Y" shape with the top part partially closed and the bottom still open, occurring between 26 to 30 weeks; Grade 4 was a fully closed "I" shape, appearing at 29-32 weeks; Grade 5 presented as a curved shape, indicating the parieto-occipital sulcus was approaching maturity, appearing from 31 to 32 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of gestational weeks for bilateral parieto-occipital sulcus developmental grade ( P>0.05). Bilateral parieto-occipital sulcus grade could be assessed in 549 fetuses, of which 43 cases (7.83%) exhibited grade asymmetry with a one-grade difference between sides; such asymmetry showed no significant difference between male and female genders ( P=0.647). The weighted kappa coefficient analysis results indicated a strong consistency in the development of the parieto-occipital sulci on both sides within individuals, generally demonstrating symmetrical development ( P<0.001). The intra-observer and inter-observer weighted kappa coefficients were 0.92 and 0.75, respectively, with good consistency. Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound via the transcalvarial axial plane enables a preliminary and rapid assessment of the development of bilateral parieto-occipital sulci, facilitating early evaluation of fetal cortical maturation.

Objective:To study the stability and morphological changes of the convexity sulci in normal fetuses between 20 and 32 weeks, and to explore the simplified grade for evaluating the convexity sulci development and analyzing its clinical significance.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional analysis. A total of 551 cases of normal singleton pregnancies between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation were retrospectively collected, who underwent routine ultrasound examinations at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from September 2019 to June 2022. The display of the far-field convexity sulci on the transcalvarial axial plane was observed as 0 for not displayed and 1 for displayed.Further, based on the morphology and number of convexity sulci, they were classified into five grades: no sulcus displayed (grade 0), one sulcus (grade 1), two sulci (grade 2), three sulci (grade 3), and four or more sulci (grade 4). The gestational age at examination and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The distribution characteristics of gestational weeks for each grade of the convexity sulci were analyzed, and the gestational week distribution of the left and right convexity sulci was compared to analyze bilateral symmetry. The Weighted Kappa coefficient was used to analyze inter-observer and intra-observer consistency, and curve regression analysis was employed to establish a model for predicting grade based on gestational weeks.Results:Before 25 weeks of gestation, the convexity of the fetal cranial vertex was completely smooth.The central sulcus consistently appeared after 26 weeks, while the superior frontal sulcus, intraparietal sulcus, postcentral sulcus, and precentral sulcus consistently appeared between 28 and 31 weeks. Among these, the superior frontal sulcus had a lower display rate before 29 weeks. By 32 weeks, all convexity sulci of the cranial vertex should be visible. Three hundred and eleven fetuses were graded for the left, and 240 fetuses were graded for the right. The developmental grade of the convexity sulci increased from Grade 0 to Grade 4 as the gestational age progressed. Grade 0 appeared between 20-26 weeks, grade 1 between 25-28 weeks, grade 2 between 26-28 weeks, grade 3 between 27-30 weeks, and grade 4 between 27-32 weeks. The distribution of grade did not differ significantly between the left and right sides of grade 0, 1, 3 and 4 (all P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in the distribution of gestational age between the convexity sulci of grade 2 ( P<0.05). The Weighted Kappa coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer consistency were 0.94 and 0.86, respectively, indicating strong consistency. Conclusions:The simplified grade for assessing the development of convexity sulci in normal fetuses on the transcalvarial axial plane via prenatal ultrasound can provide a preliminary evaluation of the maturation of convexity sulci in fetuses between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation.

Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric disease in which sarcopenia and osteoporosis coexist. With the aging, the incidence of osteosarcopenia will increase significantly in the next few decades, with adverse consequences including a higher risk of falls, fractures, weakness, and death. Early diagnosis and intervention of osteosarcopenia are of great significance in improving the quality of life of the elderly. This article reviews the diagnosis, molecular mechanisms, adverse consequences, and possible treatment options for osteosarcopenia.

Objective To explore the genetic characteristics of fetuses with congenital heart diseases(CHD)diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound.Methods Data of 613 singletons with prenatal ultrasonic diagnosed CHD were retrospectively analyzed.The cardiac structural abnormalities were classified into 8 types.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was performed for 40 fetuses since chromosomal karyotyping analysis and/or chromosomal microarray analysis(CMA)showed benign copy number variations(CNV)or variants of uncertain significance(VUS).Results Among 613 fetuses,479 fetuses underwent both chromosomal karyotyping analysis and CMA,genomic abnormalities were detected in 60 fetuses(60/479,12.53％).Among 134 fetuses underwent only CMA,genomic abnormalities were found in 4 fetuses(4/134,2.99％).According to results of chromosomal karyotyping analysis and/or CMA,abnormalities were noticed in 40 fetuses(40/568,7.04％)among 568 fetuses with isolated CHD,while in 15 fetuses(15/45,33.33％)among 45 fetuses with non-isolated CHD,respectively.Abnormality detection rate of chromosomal karyotyping analysis and/or CMA in fetuses with complex CHD(10/41,24.39％)was higher than that in fetuses with non-complex CHD(54/572,9.44％).Among complex CHD fetuses,abnormality detection rate was the highest in fetuses with conotruncal defect(CTD)combined with malformation of venous system(4/13,30.77％),while among fetuses with non-complex CHD,situs inversus viscerum had the highest detection rate(1/4,25.00％).Among 40 fetuses chromosomal karyotyping analysis and/or CMA showed benign CNV or VUS,WES indicated pathogenic CNV/likely pathogenic CNV(P/LP)in 3 fetuses,VUS in 3 fetuses and benign CNV in 34 fetuses.Conclusion Fetuses with CHD,especially extracardiac malformations had possibilities of genomic abnormalities.Fetuses with CTD combined with malformation of venous system had higher possibilities of genomic abnormalities.Compared with CMA alone,chromosomal karyotyping analysis combined with CMA was helpful for detecting genomic abnormalities.

Objective:To develop and test the intelligent model for automatically counting the number of vertebral ossification centers below the end of conus medullaris.Methods:From January 2021 to October 2022, 3 000 ultrasound images of the sacrococcygeal spinal middle sagittal plane were retrospectively selected from Shenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital and Zhuhai People′s Hospital. The vertebral ossification center and spinal conus medullaris were artificially fine-marked in 2, 800 images for segmentation training. Yolov8 algorithm was used to build the segmentation model for segmentation training, and the fitting and automatic counting of vertebral ossification centers were carried out by post-processing. In the other 200 planes, the counting was performed by the artificial intelligence (AI) model, attending physician (D1), and junior physician (D2), and the accuracy of their performance were evaluated by a specialist physician. The accuracy and the time spent between D1, D2, and AI were compared.Results:The accuracy of AI model segmentation fitting and counting reached 95.00% (190/200) by the specialist physician evaluation, which was almost equal to 94.50%(189/200) by D1( P=0.823) and higher than that of 88.50% by D2(177/200)( P=0.012). The counting time spent for D1, D2, and AI model were 5.00 (4.25, 6.00)s, 7.00 (7.00, 8.00)s, 0.09 (0.08, 0.10)s, respectively, showing that the time spent by AI model was significantly shorter than that of doctors(all P<0.001). Conclusions:The trained artificial intelligence model can efficiently and accurately complete the vertebral ossification center counting below the end of conus medullaris, equivalent to the level of attending physicians. This study is expected to be further applied in the screening of fetal spina bifida and improve the automation and intelligence level of prenatal ultrasound screening.

ObjectiveTo study the effect on quality of life and the bone turnover markers of Buzhong Yiqitang in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture （OVCF， syndrome of Qi deficiency in spleen and stomach） after operation based on ''spleen governing muscle''. MethodA total of 135 senile patients with OVCF treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty in Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to January 2021 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to two groups on the basis of block randomization at a ratio of 2∶1 （90 cases in the observation group and 45 cases in the control group）. Both groups were administrated with calcitriol capsules （0.5 μg·d^-1） and caltrate D （1 200 mg·d^-1） for basic treatment of osteoporosis. The observation group was additionally treated with Buzhong Yiqitang. Bone mineral density （BMD）， procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide （PINP）， osteocalcin （OST）， β cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen （β-CTx）， appendicular skeletal muscle mass index （ASMI）， and quadriceps muscle strength were compared between the two groups before and 6， 12 months after treatment. Additionally， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score and visual analogue score （VAS） before and 3， 6 months after treatment， as well as quality of life questionnaire of the European Foundation for osteoporosis （QUALEFFO） score before and 3， 6， 12 months after treatment， were compared between the two groups. ResultA total of 85 patients in the observation group and 41 patients in the control group were followed up. The general curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group （χ²=10.503， P<0.05）. Specifically， the observation group had higher PINP， BMD， ASMI， and quadriceps muscle strength but lower β-CTx， TCM symptom score， VAS， and QUALEFFO score than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. No adverse reactions related to Buzhong Yiqitang were observed. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can regulate bone metabolism indexes， promote osteogenesis， increase bone density， enhance skeleton appendiculare and quadriceps muscle strength， relieve clinical symptoms， and improve quality of life in patients with senile OVCF （syndrome of Qi deficiency in spleen and stomach）， being worthy of promotion in clinical application.