To discuss the protective effect of aralosides (AS) on I/R-induced rat myocardial injury. The adult rat ventricular myocyte ischemia model was established through perfusion with sodium lactate perfusate and reperfusion with Ca(2+) -containing Tyrode's solution simulation. The cell contraction and ion concentration synchronization determination system was applied to detect the effect of AS on single I/R cell contraction and Ca2+ transients. According to the findings, AS could increase resting sarcomere length, contraction amplitude, ± dL/dt(max), calcium transient amplitude and speed of post-reperfusion myocardial cells (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and decrease in time for achieving 90.0% of maximum relaxation, time for achieving peak value, resting calcium ratio, contraction period [Ca2+] i, time for achieving 50.0% of maximum relaxation and attenuation rate of intracellular calcium transient (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that AS improved the post-reperfusion cell contraction and injury of calcium homeostasis.
Animals ; Aralia ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; administration & dosage

Nationally and internationally,there is an growing emphasis on formative assessment for medical education.Teachers are enabled to apply the reflective teaching methods in their classes through careful theoretical trainings and practical guidance.By the application,shortcomings of students are found effectively,so that teachers can adjust their teaching plans and reach a higher teaching quality.

0 05) Conclusion The COMT G1947→A gene polymorphism is not associated with the generation and the severity of PIH The mutation genotype does not increase the risk of PIH

Heart failure is a syndrom of heart disease with high morbidity and mortality .There are more and more evidence indicating immune activation developing important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure . Interleukin (IL)‐35 ,known as a negative regulatory factor of one of the members of IL‐12 family ,participates pathogenetic process of heart failure .The present article made a review for influence of IL‐35 on heart failure .

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the significance of fitting hearing aids before cochle_ar implantation by studying the postoperative impact on neural response telemetry (NRT ) threshold ,the subjective threshold(T -level) and maximal comfort level(C-level) values .Methods A total of 45 patients with cochlear im_plants were divided into 3 groups:patients in group HA1(n=17)had worn hearing aids preoperatively more than 6 months and the age of starting wearing hearing aids was yonger than 3 .5 years old ,patients in group HA2(n=8) had worn hearing aids preoperatively more than 6 months and the starting age was older than 3 .5 years old ,patients in group NHA(n=20 )never wore hearing aids before ACI .The postoperative electrode impedance ,NRT value and T -level and C -level were evaluated at 3rd ,6th ,and 12th months ,respectively .ResuIts Electrode impedances were 10 .9 ± 2 .1 kΩ in NHA group ,10 .5 ± 2 .3 kΩ in HA1 group ,10 .7 ± 2 .7 kΩ in HA2 group ,respectively ,and there were no statistically significant differences .Significant differences were found between group HA1 and group NHA ,group HA1 and group HA2 in terms of NRT threshold value ,T -level or C-level(P<0 .05) .There were no statistically significant differences between group HA2 and group NHA with respect to NRT threshold values ,T-level as well as C-level(P>0 .05) .ConcIusion The results of this study showed that wearing hearing aids for a longer time before CI was beneficial for hearing rehabilitation postoperatively .

Our study demonstrated that ARS cells can be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells with changes in phenotype, nonspecific esterase activity and phagocytic function by adding ginsenosides in short-term cultures. Synthesis of DNA, mitosis and the growth of the culture cells transplanted in mouse are also inhibited in this condition. The size of cells, nuclei and nucleoli, as well as nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of ginsenosides treated cells are diminished significantly. Microvilli of these cells are reduced in number with formation of. ruffles on the cell surface. Mitochondria are increased, their size and distribution become regular. The fact that numerous small cells, induced by ginsenosides exhibit the most conspicuous alteration mentioned above along with marked phagocytic activity indicates that they are highly differentiated macrophage-like cells. Whether the inhibition of cell growth and induction of differentiation by ginsenosides is caused through its action on the molecules regulating the gene expression of cell growth and differentiation needs further study.

An applied anatomical study on the blood supply of the flexor tendon was conducted in the upper extremities of fresh cadaver by means of arterial injection, transparence, maerodissection and histological preparation.The flexor digital tendon can be divided into two parts: non-synovial membrane part and synovial membrane part. The intrinsic vaseularization of non-synovial membrane part of the tendon which was wrapped in paratenon was major in the form of the longitudinal vascular bundles, while the transverse anastomotie branches were short and sparse. The vascularity of this part was simple and uniformly distributed. The intrinsic vascularity of the synovial part possessed distinct characteristics of segmentality and partiality. In the synovial sheath, the blood vessels distributed only onto the dorsal aspect, while the velar 1/3 to 1/2 of the tendon was devoid of vessels. The profundus and superfieialis tendons formed an avascular zone at the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint separately. It was considered that the difference of the vascularization of tendon might be related to the mechanical force to which the tendon was subjected. The nutrition of tendon was discussed and the selection of tendon graft in the operation was suggested.

Objective To investigate the chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix biosynthesis of electrospun PCL scaffolds seeded with rabbit chondrocytes under flow perfusion culture in vitro.Methods Nonwoven PCL microfiber mats were fabricated,and contra-aperture cylindrical glass equipment as a perfusion bioreactor was designed and manufactured on our own.The experiment included peffusion culture group and static culture group.Primary chondrocytes were isolated from the knee joints of two-month-old New Zealand white rabbits and seeded into scaffolds.The scaffold-cell complexes were harvested at 3,7,and 14 days of culture for scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analysis,biochemical assay,real-time PCR and histology analysis.Results Electrospun PCL scaffolds were composed of microfibers with a diameter of 1.67±0.76 μm and pores with a diameter of 17.65±7.11 μm.SEM showed a better cell proliferation with typical morphology of chondrocytes under perfusion culture.At 7 days of culture,DNA content in perfusion culture group was higher than in static culture group.At 3,7 and 14 days of culture,compared with the static culture group,glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and GAG/DNA ratio in perfusion culture group were higher,and the differences were statistically significant.At 14 days of culture,real-time PCR showed aggrecan and collagen type Ⅱ gene expression and collagen type Ⅱ to collagen type Ⅰ ratio were higher in perfusion culture group than in static culture group; HE and safranin O staining showed a significant cell proliferation,infiltration,as well as extracellular matrix biosynthesis in perfusion culture group.Conclusion Under flow perfusion culture,the electrospun PCL scaffolds seeded with rabbit chondrocytes can enhance chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix biosynthesis,which is a promising method for cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To study the indications ,surgical techniques of cochlear implantation in bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients with otitis media with effusion .Methods Retrospective study of the data was col-lected from 30 bilateeral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients receiving cochlear implantation .CI was performed with round window insertion in 30 patients with otitis media with effusion .Results One stage operations of CI with round window insertion were carried out for 30 patients with otitis media with effusion .All electrodes were implan-ted successfully ,in which the CI went normally and electrode array were protected well .All implant devices had worked normally and all patients had performed well during an average of 1~3 years follow -up .Conclusion Bilat-eral severe sensorineural hearing loss patients with otitis media with effusion could be performed cochlear implanta-tion with round window insertion in one stage ,and it was safe and effective .

This paper introduced the teaching reform in the integrated course of introduction to clinical medicine in China medical university.According to the capacity and quality in the global minimum essential requirements in medical education (GMER) proposed by the Institute for International Medical Education (IIME),we carried out the teaching reform of ‘early exposure to clinic’ in the integrated course of introduction to clinical medicine based on the theory of competency-based education (CBE) and took capacity-building as the teaching objective.We achieved good teaching effect and appraisal by students.