Objective To evaluate the anatomic relationships between the portals and radial nerve of three different operations of antrolateral approach elbow arthroscopy.Methods The dissections were pedormed in 10 formalin soaked adult cadaver elbows.The distances from the three different antrolateral portals to the radial nerve in extension and flexion 90° position were measured.The portal A was located at 3 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle;the portal B was located at 2 cm distal and 2 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle;the portal C,1 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle.Results The nearest distances from the anterolateral portal A,B,and C to the radial nerve in extension position were (2.30 ± 0.95) mm,(3.00 ± 1.56) mm,and (3.60 ± 1.65) mm,with significant differences (F =11.097,P =0.001).Statistical difference in distances from the anterolateral portal to the radial nerve between portal A and C was found (P =0.006).No statistically significant difference was seen between A and B or B and C (PA-B =0.134,PB-c =0.072).The distances from the anterolateral portal A,B,and C to the radial nerve in flexion 90° position were (4.40 ± 2.01) mm,(6.10 ± 1.79) mm,and (7.90 ± 1.85) mm,with significant differences (F =54.775,P =0.000).There were statistically significant difference among the three approaches (PA-B =0.000,PA-c =0.000,PB-c =0.002).The distances increased when the position changed from extension to flexion 90° for portal A (t =-5.161,P =0.001),portal B (t=-8.188,P=0.000),and portal C (t =-10.167,P =0.000).Conclusion The anterolateral portal 1 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle is the safest apporach.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy containing paclitaxel in patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods Chemotherapy containing paclitaxel was used in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer.Paclitaxel was administered by iv infusion at a dose of 135*!mg/m 2 in 3-hour every 3～4 weeks for an average of 4 sessions. All patients received premedication of dexamethasone, diphenhydramine and cimetidine to prevent allergic reactions. Results The overall response rate was 43%(13/30),including complete remission(CR) in 3(10%) cases and partial remission(PR) in 10(33%). The average duration of remission was 1.6 months in CR cases and 5 months in PR cases respectively.The major toxicity associated with paclitaxel administration includes neutropenia,myalgia,arthralgia, numbness of hands and feet,alopecia and flushing of face. Conclusion Paclitaxel is an effective agent for treatment of advanced breast cancer and its side effects are tolerable.

To explore the relationship between the activity of polyol pathway and diabetic microangiopathy, the level of red blood cell sorbitol(RBCS)in 106 patients with NIDDMwas determined. The results indicated that the level of RBCS in diabetic patients was significantly increased, and was positively correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and the degree of diabetic retinopathy(DR). Besides,the value of RBCS in patients with both pro-teinuris and DR or proteinuria was markedly higher as compared with that in patients with either proteinuria or DR,and the concentration of RBCS in the patients with DR of proteinuria was also significantly higher than those wth neither proteinuria nor DR. In addition.it was also found that the value of RBCS gradually elevated with the aggravation of UAERand DR. These findings suggest that the elevation of RBCS level plays an important role in the formation and development of diabetic microangiopathy.

Objective To investigate which subfamily genes of T cell receptor (TCR) V? expand predominantly during the course of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Methods Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques,the expression levels of TCR V? 2,6,8,10,14 in the peripheral blood,lymph nodes,peripheral nerves of group EAN and those of the control group were compared. Results In group EAN,the expression of TCR V? 6?8 mRNA increased at the early phage(41.1?1.1 and 74.4?1.9 vs 25.9?1.5 and 26.1?1.6) and became more significantly at the peak of the disease,and resolved to normal at the recovery phage in the lymph nodes.But they amounted up gradually from the early stage to the peak,and then decreased a little in the infiltrating T-lymphocytes in peripheral nerves,the difference was significant.In addition,the expression of TCR V? 8 was notably higher than that of TCR V? 6 in the levels of mRNA. Conclusion The subfamilies of TCRV? genes which restrict the development of EAN due to recognizing the specific antigens are TCRV? 8 and TCRV? 6. T lymphocytes specifically expressing TCR V?6?8 genes are activated and clonally proliferated in the lymph nodes,and then migrate to the involved peripheral nerves,which might induce a series of immune lesions consequently.

MEDLINE,Ovid,CNKI,and Vip Database were retrieved for articles of diuretics induced hyponatremia.6 retrospective studies,2 prospective studies,and 31 case reports were included.Pearson correlation coefficient of the cumulative dose and serum sodium level was-0.121 (P =0.757).It is suggested that serum sodium level should be closely monitored while administrating diuretics,especially in patients with high-risk of hyponatremia.

objective To evaluate endoscopic surgery for high risk patients over 70 years old with severe acute cholangitis. Methods From October 1991 to October 2003, 84 high risk patients over 70 years old suffering from severe acute cholangitis were included and divided into laparotomy surgery (ST) and endoscopic surgery (ET) group. Results 80 patients were cured. The care rate was 81.2% in ST group and 91.6% in ET group. The mortality rate was lower in ET compared with ST (9.1% vs 18.8%). The rate of complication was reduced from 37.5% in ST group to 13.9% in ET group. The average duration of drainage was reduced from 49.4 days in ST group to 18.6 days in ET group. The total treatment days were shortened from 46.2 days to 22.8 days comparing ST with ET. Conclusions Endoscopic surgery should be the first choice for the senile and high risk patients with severe acute cholangitis. Endoscopic surgery was convenient, with mininal injury, safe and effective, and period of treatment was shortened, especially for elderly or critically ill patients, as well as those with MODS or previous billiary operations.

The guiding thoughts and purpose of the curicular quality evaluation are expounded in this article: under the guide of Deng Xiaoping's theory adhering to the army and national political system and policy of education,adhering to Deng Xiaoping's"three faceto"educational view and methodology,we carry out the evaluation to promote the construction,to realize the purpose of course construction,teaching,learning,administration,competmon and finally to mlprove the curiculum teaching quality.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects and main pharmacological actions of Pingantongluo Granules (Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Concha Haliotidis, etc.) for migraine with liver wind and blood stasis symptom. Methods: Randomized controlled trail, double blind and double dummy method were applied. Yuntongding Tablets was used as a control drug in clinical investigation and Routunding Tablets as a control drug in pharmacological experiment study. Results: The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 95.0% and 83.3% for migraine and 80.0% and 61.6% for the liver wind and blood stasis symptom, respectively. Pinggantongluo Granules began to act on migraine in ( 11.75 ? 6.70 )h, and the control drug did in ( 18.30 ? 8.22 )h. There were a significant difference between two groups ( P

Background and purpose:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an excellent model for evaluation of predictive parameters.The goal of predictive parameters is to select patients who would most likely benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive value of biological markers for the patients' response to neoadjuvant anthracycline combined with taxanes chemotherapy.Methods:We investigated 160 patients with breast cancer who underwent 4 cycles of neoadjuvant anthracycline combined with taxanes chemotherapy,retrospectively.The expression of estrogen receptors(ER),progesterone receptors(PgR),Her2,Topo-Ⅱ and Ki-67 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical assay in core-needle biopsy specimens.The associations between biological markers as well as clinical and pathologic responses were analyzed.Results:The overall clinical response was 85%,including 28.8%(46/160) with clinical complete response(cCR) and 56.3%(90/160) with clinical partial response.The pathological complete response(pCR) was 14.4%.In the univariate analysis,absence of ER,PgR expression and over-expression of Her-2 were predictive of the cCR and pCR(P

AIM:To explore the regulation of lumbar physiological curvature by angulation traction and longitudinal rotation and the clinical significance of repairing spinal balance on lumbar disc herniation(LDH). METHODS:①Totally 71 patients with LDH diagnosed by CT at the 451 Hospital of Chinese PLA were enrolled from October 2005 to January 2006. Three-dimensional swirl angle program control restitution bed was applied. This bed was composed of fixing chest swirl section,magnetic heat lumbar flexure massage section and traction haunch angulation section with the pull strength of 20-90 kg. ②The patients were divided into experimental group(n =38) and control group(n =33). ③All patients of the two groups received supine genuflex traction for 20 minutes and combined with longitudinal rotation for 10 minutes. Patients in the experimental group received 20? traction from below lumbar to bed,while patients in the control group received plane traction combined with longitudinal rotation. ④Lumbar function was determined by criterion of the lumbar disease made by Japanese Shaping Association to observe improved indexes and times of treatment. RESULTS:Totally 71 patients were involved in the result analysis. No significant difference was found in preoperative lumbar function between experimental group and control group(13.684?1.662,13.485?3.001,P