MEDLINE,Ovid,CNKI,and Vip Database were retrieved for articles of diuretics induced hyponatremia.6 retrospective studies,2 prospective studies,and 31 case reports were included.Pearson correlation coefficient of the cumulative dose and serum sodium level was-0.121 (P =0.757).It is suggested that serum sodium level should be closely monitored while administrating diuretics,especially in patients with high-risk of hyponatremia.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy containing paclitaxel in patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods Chemotherapy containing paclitaxel was used in 30 patients with advanced breast cancer.Paclitaxel was administered by iv infusion at a dose of 135*!mg/m 2 in 3-hour every 3～4 weeks for an average of 4 sessions. All patients received premedication of dexamethasone, diphenhydramine and cimetidine to prevent allergic reactions. Results The overall response rate was 43%(13/30),including complete remission(CR) in 3(10%) cases and partial remission(PR) in 10(33%). The average duration of remission was 1.6 months in CR cases and 5 months in PR cases respectively.The major toxicity associated with paclitaxel administration includes neutropenia,myalgia,arthralgia, numbness of hands and feet,alopecia and flushing of face. Conclusion Paclitaxel is an effective agent for treatment of advanced breast cancer and its side effects are tolerable.

To explore the relationship between the activity of polyol pathway and diabetic microangiopathy, the level of red blood cell sorbitol(RBCS)in 106 patients with NIDDMwas determined. The results indicated that the level of RBCS in diabetic patients was significantly increased, and was positively correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and the degree of diabetic retinopathy(DR). Besides,the value of RBCS in patients with both pro-teinuris and DR or proteinuria was markedly higher as compared with that in patients with either proteinuria or DR,and the concentration of RBCS in the patients with DR of proteinuria was also significantly higher than those wth neither proteinuria nor DR. In addition.it was also found that the value of RBCS gradually elevated with the aggravation of UAERand DR. These findings suggest that the elevation of RBCS level plays an important role in the formation and development of diabetic microangiopathy.

Objective To investigate which subfamily genes of T cell receptor (TCR) V? expand predominantly during the course of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Methods Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques,the expression levels of TCR V? 2,6,8,10,14 in the peripheral blood,lymph nodes,peripheral nerves of group EAN and those of the control group were compared. Results In group EAN,the expression of TCR V? 6?8 mRNA increased at the early phage(41.1?1.1 and 74.4?1.9 vs 25.9?1.5 and 26.1?1.6) and became more significantly at the peak of the disease,and resolved to normal at the recovery phage in the lymph nodes.But they amounted up gradually from the early stage to the peak,and then decreased a little in the infiltrating T-lymphocytes in peripheral nerves,the difference was significant.In addition,the expression of TCR V? 8 was notably higher than that of TCR V? 6 in the levels of mRNA. Conclusion The subfamilies of TCRV? genes which restrict the development of EAN due to recognizing the specific antigens are TCRV? 8 and TCRV? 6. T lymphocytes specifically expressing TCR V?6?8 genes are activated and clonally proliferated in the lymph nodes,and then migrate to the involved peripheral nerves,which might induce a series of immune lesions consequently.

objective To evaluate endoscopic surgery for high risk patients over 70 years old with severe acute cholangitis. Methods From October 1991 to October 2003, 84 high risk patients over 70 years old suffering from severe acute cholangitis were included and divided into laparotomy surgery (ST) and endoscopic surgery (ET) group. Results 80 patients were cured. The care rate was 81.2% in ST group and 91.6% in ET group. The mortality rate was lower in ET compared with ST (9.1% vs 18.8%). The rate of complication was reduced from 37.5% in ST group to 13.9% in ET group. The average duration of drainage was reduced from 49.4 days in ST group to 18.6 days in ET group. The total treatment days were shortened from 46.2 days to 22.8 days comparing ST with ET. Conclusions Endoscopic surgery should be the first choice for the senile and high risk patients with severe acute cholangitis. Endoscopic surgery was convenient, with mininal injury, safe and effective, and period of treatment was shortened, especially for elderly or critically ill patients, as well as those with MODS or previous billiary operations.

Objective To evaluate the anatomic relationships between the portals and radial nerve of three different operations of antrolateral approach elbow arthroscopy.Methods The dissections were pedormed in 10 formalin soaked adult cadaver elbows.The distances from the three different antrolateral portals to the radial nerve in extension and flexion 90° position were measured.The portal A was located at 3 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle;the portal B was located at 2 cm distal and 2 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle;the portal C,1 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle.Results The nearest distances from the anterolateral portal A,B,and C to the radial nerve in extension position were (2.30 ± 0.95) mm,(3.00 ± 1.56) mm,and (3.60 ± 1.65) mm,with significant differences (F =11.097,P =0.001).Statistical difference in distances from the anterolateral portal to the radial nerve between portal A and C was found (P =0.006).No statistically significant difference was seen between A and B or B and C (PA-B =0.134,PB-c =0.072).The distances from the anterolateral portal A,B,and C to the radial nerve in flexion 90° position were (4.40 ± 2.01) mm,(6.10 ± 1.79) mm,and (7.90 ± 1.85) mm,with significant differences (F =54.775,P =0.000).There were statistically significant difference among the three approaches (PA-B =0.000,PA-c =0.000,PB-c =0.002).The distances increased when the position changed from extension to flexion 90° for portal A (t =-5.161,P =0.001),portal B (t=-8.188,P=0.000),and portal C (t =-10.167,P =0.000).Conclusion The anterolateral portal 1 cm distal and 1 cm anterior to the lateral epicondyle is the safest apporach.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of depressive disorder.Methods 124 patients with depressive disorder were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,62 cases in each group.The control group was given mirtazapine treatment,while the observation group was given EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine.All the two groups were treated for 8 weeks.Before and 2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),Montgomerie depression rating scale (MADRS) and the clinical global impression scale (CGI).The side effects scale(TESS) assessment was used to assess the side effects.And the serum norepinephrine (NE),5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels were measured before and 8 weeks after treatment.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 87.5％,which was significantly higher than 66.1％ in the control group (x2 =7.213,P ＜ 0.05).In the two groups,2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the HAMD scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (t =9.391,19.349,26.349,5.026,12.610,19.518,all P ＜ 0.05),the M ADRS scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (t =8.646,22.190,33.101,4.986,13.185,25.959,all P ＜ 0.05),and the CGI scores were significantly lower than those before treatment(t =17.471,29.482,42.256,13.136,28.358,35.661,all P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,after treatment for 2,4,8 weeks,the HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =4.093,4.537,5.655,all P ＜ 0.05),and the MADRS scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (t =3.622,9.740,7.490,all P ＜ 0.05),while the CGI scores were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.608,11.024,12.598,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of 5-HT,NE and DA were (148.5 ± 4.9) ng/mL,(60.6 ± 4.2) ng/L and (78.0 ± 4.1) ng/L in the observation group,which were significantly higher than before treatment [(79.8 ± 4.3) ng/mL,(30.3 ± 4.0) ng/L and (43.5 ± 4.0) ng/L,t =82.977,41.134,46.837,all P ＜ 0.05].In the control group after treatment,the levels of 5-HT,NE and DA were (125.4 ± 4.1) ng/mL,(40.2 ± 4.0)ng/L and (50.3 ± 4.3)nig/L,which were significantly higher than those before treatment [(79.2 ± 3.9)ng/mL,(30.5 ±4.1)ng/L and (43.2 ±3.6)ng/L,t =64.287,13.334,9.969,all P ＜0.05],but which those in the observation group increased more significantly (t =28.469,27.695,36.286,all P ＜ 0.05).4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment,the TESS scores in the observation group were (3.0 ± 1.0) points and (4.3 ± 1.2) points,which in the control group were (2.8 ± 1.2) points and (4.1 ± 1.3) points,there were no significant differences in terms of TESS scores (t =1.150,0.846,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of depression is better,the adverse reactions is not significantly increased,and it also has higher clinical safety compared with mirtazapine alone.

Objective:The effect of the linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline in feed on the productive performance of the Hailanhong layers and ?-3 PUFA deposition in the yolk of laying eggs was studied. Method:Four hundred and eighty healthy layers of 48 weeks of age were randomly selected. The linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline of different levels in diet were fed on these layers. The indices of the productive performance and the fatty acids content of yolk were determined. The regression model of the fatty acids deposition was established. Results:The effect of the linseeds,VE and ethoxyquinoline in feed on the productive performance was slight. The most deposition of ?-3 PUFA was found by adding linseeds 15%,VE 0.17g/kg feed without ethoxyquinoline. Conclusion:The deposition of ?-3 PUFA in eggs could be regulated by controlling the proportion of linseeds and VE in feed with no effect on productive performance of layers.

ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of nanobacteria in prostatic calculus and investigate its role in the formation of prostatic calculus. MethodsThe stones of 40 patients with prostatic calculus was used to isolate and culture the possible bacteria. The genomes of obtained bacteria were extracted, and the 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR followed by sequencing. ResultsThe obtained specific fragment had a 98% resemblance with 16S rRNA of nanobacteria: Score=2 480 bits (1 290), Expect=0.0; Identities=1 387/1 409 (98%), Gaps=4/1 409 (0%); Strand=Plus/Plus. ConclusionNanobacteria is proved existing in the stones of prostatic calculus patients by PCR and sequencing.

0.05).However,the expression content of ?-G mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was 3.88?0.86,which was significantly higher(P