Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined intrapleural therapy with bevacizumab and cisplatin in controlling malignant pleural effusion(MPE)caused by non?small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods A total of 63 NSCLC study subjects with MPE were randomly assigned to one of two groups(A and B). Group A(bevacizumab,n=32)received intrapleural bevacizumab(5 mg/kg)with cisplatin(40 mg/m2) therapy once a week for a total of three cycles. Group B(cisplatin,n=31)received intrapleural cisplatin therapy alone with the same dose and cycle. Pleural fluid was collected from both groups prior to and after treatment. The levels of VEGF in the pleural fluid were determined by ELISA. The cura?tive effect and adverse reaction were observed and follow?up was conducted. Results In 63 evaluable study subjects,the curative efficacy in the be?vacizumab group was significantly higher than that found in the cisplatin group(84.3%vs 61.3%,respectively,P<0.05). But the overall survival (OS)of the two groups showed no statistically significant difference(13.0 months vs 12.0 months,P>0.05). After treatment,The VEGF levels in the MPE were significantly decreased in both groups. In the bevacizumab group,the levels of VEGF in the pleural fluid were significantly lower com?pared to those of the cisplatin group after treatment,showing greater efficacy(P<0.05). The VEGF levels of the two groups whose treatment was in?valid had no statistically significant difference(P=0.079). There was no significant difference in gradeⅢ/Ⅳadverse events between the two groups. All procedures were well tolerated by the patients. Conclusion Combined intrapleural therapy with bevacizumab and cisplatin was effective and safe in managing NSCLC?mediated MPE. The patients showed high tolerance to the therapy. For prediction of local treatment efficacy of bevaci?zumab using the VEGF expression levels in MPE,further research was needed.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of stachyose on the hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation.Methods A pig-to-human xenogeneic heart transplantation model was established based on an in vitro free heart blood perfusion system.The pig hearts were di- vided into two groups:group A(pig hearts treated with human blood perfusion as control)and group B(pig hearts treated with human blood plus stachyose perfusion).After perfusion for 1h,the heart xenografts were examined for deposit of lgG and IgM by immunohistochemistry and pathological analy sis.Results The mean survival time of perfusion hearts in groups A and B was(9.5?2.5)min and (46.8?8.1)min respectively(P

Adult ; Elbow Joint ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Radius ; abnormalities ; Radius Fractures ; therapy ; Synostosis ; therapy ; Ulna ; abnormalities

Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; utilization ; Humans ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Tissue Fixation ; methods

BACKGROUND: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI)were considered to be going to develop into Alzheimer disease, and were the high-risk group of Alzheimer disease.OBJECTIVE: To study the implicit and explicit memory in the patient with amnestic MCI. DESIGN: Homochronous and controlled observation.SETTING: Neurological Department of the Southern Building of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: The research was carried out at Neurological Department of the Southern Building of General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January to June 2003. Totally 20 male patients with amnestic mild MCI,with the average age of (78.7±4.9) years and the average educational time of (8.2±1.0) years, selected from neurological out-patient clinic and ward of southern building of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Complaint memory losing and confirmed by the relatives and close friends of the patients, Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ≥24, activity of daily living (ADL)＜26, and clinical dementia rating equal to 0.5, Objective memory examination score reduced compared to the examiners' educational background,the memory quotient recorded by clinical memory sheet to be 63-77 (lower than the normal value with 1.5-2.5 standard deviation), were accepted, and determined as experiment group.Totally 20 healthy male veterans selected from Beijing area, with the average age of(77.9±4.7) years and the average educational time (8.1±1.1) years were selected as control group. All subjects volunteered to take part in_the examination.METHODS: Explicit memory included word free recall and re-recognition task. The Chinese characters were selected from the 1000 most commonly used ones in the books of primary and middle schools. The 30 double characters-words were chosen and randomly divided into two tasks. Recall task included 10 double character words that were target words. Re-recognition task included 20 double character words, of which one half were target words, and the other half were interfering words. Implicit memory included word free recall and character-root-complementary task. The Chinese characters were from the same source as mentioned before. Thirty Chinese characters were chosen in free recall task at beginning. These Chinese characters at least had possibility of composing over 4 commonly used double character-words in primary and middle school books. One double-Chinese character-word in four possibilities was randomly selected and the total was 30 words. Then these 30 words were divided into two groups, one was target group and the other was interfering word. All selected Chinese characters were composed either up-down structure or right-left structure. Taking a part of the Chinese character would leave a characterroot. There were 30 character-roots and they were never the same each other.There were at least four possibilities to form a Chinese character for each root as properly matching among 1000 commonly used Chinese characters.At first, the subjects were asked to read the target words loudly for 3 times in 4 tasks and tried to remember all the target words (characters) and were told to test their memorization later on. The target words (or characters)would appear in one-minute interval. The subjects were asked to repeat the words (or characters) appeared before as many as possible based on their memory in free recall task and they did not have to remember the words (or characters) in order. The correct recall rate for 10 target words was calculated. In re-recognition task, the target words and interfering words were mixed up and appeared one by one in random order and the subjects were asked to tell if the words appeared before. The correct rate of 20-word rerecognition was calculated. In free recall task, the first character in target words was mixed with the first character in interfering words and they appeared one by one in random order. The subjects were asked to form any two-character-word with appeared Chinese characters and wrote down the first word thought of in test sheet. The hitting rate of target words and interfering words were calculated. t-test for independent samples was carried 9ut respectively between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Semantic priming effect (the hitting rate of target words in word free recall task and the hitting rate of interfering words) and apperception priming effect (the hitting rate of target words in character-root-complementary task and the hitting rate of interfering words) in the two groups. ② Difference of explicit memory (correct rate of free recall and correct rate of re-recognition) and difference of semantic and apperception priming effect in the two groups.RESULTS: All subjects in the two groups completed the test and entered the final analysis. ① Results of inner-group analysis: In the group of MCI,the hitting rate (0.41±0.15) of target words in word free recall task was significantly higher than that of interfering words (0.31±0.12, P ＜ 0.01),suggesting that there existed semantic priming effect in the patients with amnestic MCI as completing this task. In the character-root-complementary task, the hitting rate of target words (0.17±0.10) was significantly higher than that of the hitting rate of interfering words (0.10±0.07, P ＜ 0.05), suggesting that there existed perceptional priming effect in the patients with amnestic MCI as completing this task. In the control group, the hitting rate of target words (0.45±0.11) was significantly higher than that of the interfering words (0.33±0.10, P ＜ 0.01), suggesting that there existed semantic priming effect in the elderly with normal perception as completing this task as well. In the character-root-complementary task, the hitting rate of target characters (0.18±0.08) was higher than that of interfering characters (0.13±0.07, P ＜ 0.05), suggesting that there existed perceptional priming effect in the elderly with normal perception as completing this task as well. ② Results of inter-groups analysis: Correct rates of free recall and re-recognition in the MCI group was decreased (0.10±0.09, 0.45±0.13,t=9.858, P=0.000; 0.69±0.14, 0.83±0.08, t=3.685, P=0.000). There was not significantly different in Sementic priming effect and perceptional priming effect both in the MCI group and the control group.CONCLUSION: Sementic priming effect and perceptional priming effect were existed both in the MCI experiment group and the control group, but the implicit memory was not significantly different in the two groups. However, the patients with forgetful style MCI were exhibited a decline in explicit memory. Memory function of mild MCI patients was shown double characteristics, i.e. damage of explicit memory and preservation of implicit memory. The double character in memorial function provided theoretical basis for the rehabilitative training of MCI patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-intragastric-administration on the survival time of mouse skin allografts and the role of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17 thereof. Methods The skin trans-plantation of mice was done by DBA/2 as donors and Balb/c as recipients. The recipients were divided randomly into three groups:control group, low-dose group and high-dose group. Mice of the corresponding groups were intragastrically adminis-tered corn oil, 10 mg/kg ATRA and 30 mg/kg ATRA respectively from 1 day before the transplantation to the 14th day after the transplantation. The survival time of transplanted skin was observed after the operations. Skin grafts of mice were harvested for histopathological examination in three groups. The serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of IL-23, RORγt and IL-17 mRNA in skin allografts were detected by re-al-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared with con-trol group, the average survival time of mouse skin allografts was significantly prolonged in low-dose group and high-dose group (P＜0.05). The less lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of architecture were found in the skin biopsies. The serum expression of IL-23 protein was lower (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was found in two treatment groups. The serum expression levels of IL-17 protein were reduced in turn in receptors of control group, low-dose group and high-dose group (P ＜ 0.05). The expression levels of IL-23, RORγt and IL-17 mRNA in skin grafts were significantly lower in low-dose group and high-dose group than those of control group (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was found in two treatment groups. Conclusion ATRA can effectively prolong the survival time of skin allografts, which may related with the inhibi-tion of the expression of IL-23, RORγt and IL-17 mRNA and the development of IL-23 and IL-17 protein.

BACKGROUND:Immunity of fetal liver stem cel transplantation is rarely reported, syngeneic and al ogeneic fetal liver stem cel transplantation in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis is stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effects of syngeneic and al ogeneic fetal liver stem cel transplantation on hepatic cirrhosis as wel as immune rejections during the therapeutic process.
METHODS:The fetal liver stem/progenitor cel s from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were isolated and purified by the type IV col agen enzyme digestion method. A total of 104 healthy BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups. Normal control group:no treatment;Hepatic cirrhosis group, syngeneic transplantation group and al ogeneic transplantation group:16 weeks after hepatic cirrhosis models of mice were developed by intraperitoneal injection with carbon tetrachloride, physiological saline, syngeneic fetal liver stem cel s and al ogeneic fetal liver stem cel s were injected via the caudal vein. Final y, the survival statuses, liver function, hepatic fibrosis index, the number and ratio of immune cel s (CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, NKT) and histopathologic examinations were compared in each group after transplantation 4 weeks.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The survival rates in the two transplantation groups were both 100%, which was significantly higher than that in the hepatic cirrhosis group (67%, P<0.05). The liver function and liver fibrosis index in each group did not show statistical differences (P>0.05). Immunological tests showed no difference between groups (P>0.05). Pathohistology examination of hepatic tissue repair:Al ogeneic transplantation group>syngeneic transplantation group>hepatic cirrhosis group. Hence, fetal liver stem cel transplantation via the caudal vein could elevate the survival rate of hepatic cirrhosis mice, al eviate the degree of hepatocyte necrosis. There is no immunologic rejection during syngeneic and al ogeneic fetal liver stem cel transplantation that could help to treat hepatic cirrhosis in mice.

Objective To establish a stable transplantation tolerance model by combined treatment with PTD-mFoxp3 fusion protein and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and study its application to reduce the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).Method BALB/c mice as recipients were randomly divided into four groups,accepted medical linear accelerator ray 3.0-Gy total body irradiation (TBI) before bone marrow transplantation (BMT),and injected with donor C57BL/6 mice bone marrow cells 3 × 107withinn 4-6 h.The BALB/c mice in group A were given PTD-mFoxp3 fusion protein through tail vein intermittently (day-2,0,1,3,5,7,9,11,13),those in group B given the same dose mFoxp3 protein,those in group C given normal saline,and those in blank control group given no treatment.The symptoms of GVHD were observed after BMT.Chimerisms were determined on the week 1,2,4,8 and12 post-BMT by flow cytometry.Liver and intestinal tissues were collected for pathological examination.Recipient immune response was assessed on the week 4 and 12 by mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) after BMT.Results The chimerism level in group A was high [(38.16 ± 3.09) ％] in the first 12 weeks after BMT,and that in group B and group C was reduced [(20.12 ± 4.75) ％ and (15.72 ± 2.36) ％ respectively,P＜0.05].MLR revealed that shown lymphocyte donor-derived lymphocyte proliferation rate at 4th and 12th week in group A was significantly lower than in other groups (P＜0.05).Pathological examination showed infiltration of lymphocytes in the liver and intestine was milder in group A than in other groups.Conclusion PTD-mFoxp3 fusion protein combined with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can effectively establish a stable transplantation chimeric model and reduce the incidence of GVHD.

Objective To summarize the treatment results,operative complications and experiences of laparoscopic modified pull-through(Soave)precedure.Methods Twenty children with Hirschsprung disease(HD),16 males and 4 females,with age from 3.5 months to 4 years old,underwent laparoscopic modified pull-through(Soave)precedure under whole anesthesia and tracheal intubation,and the pathological colon was freed by ultrasonic surgical knife.Results All cases were operated on successfully.The average operating time was 132 min.The average resection colon was 35 cm and the average volume of bleeding was about 14 mL without blood transfusion.Two patients had postoperative enterocolitis;3 patients were no complications postoperation,such as constipation,soiling,intestinal obstruction,preianal intestine prolapse or cuff narrowing,and all patients had 1-2 bowel movements per day during a period of 6 months to 3 years follow-up.Conclusion Laparoscopic modified pull-through(Soave)precedure has smaller incision,less bleeding,quick recovery and less complications.

Nuclear medical emergency rescue , as an important task for the military , has become a priority in many countries.The U.S.military has accumulated rich experience in the development of nuclear medical emergency rescue forces.This paper analyzes the legal status , roles, responsibilities and tasks of the U .S.military during nuclear emergency rescue as well as the characteristics and current status of nuclear emergency rescue forces , hoping to provide some refer-ences for development of our military nuclear medical emergency rescue forces .