Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

AIM: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effects on young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion.
METHODS: There were 27 patients ( 45 cases ) who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion accepted the modified blepharosphincterectomy. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: After followed up for 6mo, 42 eyes were fully recovered, 3 eyes were unsuccessful and the cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes suffered minor lower eyelid skin folds, none had lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.CONCLUSION: Modified blepharosphincterectomy is an ideal cosmetic surgical treatment for young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion. It is an effective surgical treatment with fewer complications.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of the multi-center breast DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), in order to improve the rate of early diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of 23 multi-center breast DCIS patients admitted and operated on from September 2003 to February 2009 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 4 cases associated with nipple discharge,and 18 cases with preoperative negative physical examination (78%). In the preoperative examination within 6 months, the positive rate of mammography was 90% mainly characterized by the existence of diffuse and multiple small calcifications. The positive rate of MRI was 25%, B ultrasound had no positive findings. The patients that were confirmed multi-center breast DCIS by intraoperative frozen section examination received mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary L1, L2 lymph node dissection. Conclusion The diffuse and multiple small calcification is one of early clinical characteristics of multi-center breast DCIS. Although the disease has a wide range of lesion, it still is an early tumor, and has a favourite prognosis after comprehensive treatment.

Objective:To study expression of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 3 (CTRP‐3 ) in obese patients and its significance .Methods :A total of 402 obese patients were enrolled as obesity group and 405 normal people undergoing physical examination were regarded as normal control group . The correlation among CTRP‐3 level and related indexes were analyzed ,and multi-factor regression analysis was used to study independent risk factors for obesity .Results:Compared with normal control group ,there were significant rise in body mass index (BMI) ,homeostasis model -insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ,levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,triglyceride (TG) ,fasting blood glucose (FBG) ,insulin ,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) ,and significant reductions in levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,adiponectin (APN) ,leptin and CTRP‐3 in obesity group , P<0.05 or <0.01 . Spearman correlation analysis indicated that after age and gender correction ,CTRP‐3 level was significant inversely correlated with BMI (r= -0.221) ,SBP (r= -0.031) ,DBP (r= -0.043) ,TC (r= -0.147) , LDL‐C (r= -0.051) ,TG (r= -0.743) ,FBG (r= -0.238) ,insulin (r= -0.053) ,HOMA -IR (r= -0.281) , HbA1c (r= -0.741) and hsCRP levels (r= -0.216) ,P<0.05 or <0.01 ,and significant positively correlated with lev‐els of HDL‐C (r=0.351) ,APN (r= 0.852) and leptin (r=0.641) ,P<0.05 all .Multi-factor regression analysis indi‐cated that after correcting other influencing factors ,compared with high tertile CTRP‐3 group ,there were significant rise in OR value in middle tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=6.47 ,95% CI 3.58 -12.18) and low tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=12.39 ,95% CI 3.58-29.15) , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:CTRP‐3 level is significantly correlated with obesity -related fac‐tors ,and it′s an independent risk factor for obesity .

Objective To investigate the role of early enteral nutrition on TLR 4 signaling pathway in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group ( SO group ) , total parenteral nutrition group ( TPN ) , early enteral nutrition group ( EEN ) .One day after ANP model induction , the serum level of amylase was measured .Nutrient solution was given for five days , then the rats were sacrificed , and the blood , pancreas and colon tissue were collected.The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-αwere detected by ELISA .Pathologic changes of pancreas were observed by HE staining.The intestinal TLR4, NF-κB expression was measured by Western blot .Results Mortality rates of SO group, TPN group, EEN group were 0, 50%, 25%, respectively; the serum levels of amylase were (744 ±41), (3 278 ±219), (2 227 ±169) U/L, respectively;the serum levels of TNF-αwere (81.57 ±18.25), (465.72 ±42.47), (223.21 ±29.94)ng/L, respectively; the serum levels of IL-6 were (362.83 ±41.32), (932.46 ±57.21), (628.62 ±142.24) ng/L, respectively; the pancreatic pathologic scores were (0.91 ±0.15), (11.1 ±0.61), (6.9 ±0.62);the intestinal TLR4 expressions were 0.7506 ± 0.003, 1.3404 ±0.004, 0.9544 ±0.004;the intestinal NF-κB expressions were 1.33 ±0.50, 6.92 ±1.06,2.93 ±0.89.The values of TPN and EEN group were significantly higher than those of SO group (P<0.05). The values of EEN group were significantly lower than those of TPN group (P<0.05).Conclusions EEN can inhibit TLR4 and NF-κB signal pathway in gut , then reduce IL-6 and TNF-αexpression and relieve inflammatory reaction of ANP , finally decrease the mortality of ANP .

Objective:To study expression of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP-3)in patients with hypertension and its significance.Methods:A total of 562 patients with hypertension were enrolled as hypertension group,and 570 normal subjects undergoing physical examination were regarded as normal control group. General data,plasma levels of adiponectin (APN),leptin and CTRP-3 etc. were measured and compared be- tween two groups. Correlation among CTRP-3 level and related factors of hypertension were analyzed. Results:Compared with normal control group,there were significant reductions in plasma levels of APN [(12.1±0.4)μg/ml vs. (7.3±0.5)μg/ml],leptin [(10.1±0.4)ng/ml vs. (6.2±0.8)ng/ml]and CTRP-3 [(429±15)ng/ml vs. (314±13)ng/ml]in hypertension group,P<0.05 all. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that after correcting age and gender,plasma CTRP-3 level was significant inversely correlated with body mass index,systolic blood pres- sure,diastolic blood pressure,waist circumference,waist hip ratio,levels of total cholesterol,low density lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,insulin,homeostasis model-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),glycosylated hemoglobin,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)(r=-0.852~-0.011,P<0.05 or <0.01),and significant positively correlated with levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), APN and leptin (r=0.654~0.962,P<0.05 all). Multi-factor regression analysis indicated that compared with high tertile CTRP-3 group,the OR=14.17 (95%CI:3.62~28.34),P=0.001 in low tertile CTRP-3 group,sug- gesting that low plasma CTRP-3 level was independent risk factor for hypertension.Conclusion:Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 level significantly correlated with hypertension,and it's an independent risk factor for hypertension.

Objective To study the clinical effect of specific immune therapy for children with allergic rhini-tis(AR)and its influence on the level of serum IL -17 and IL -35.Methods 174 children with AR were chosen as the research group,who were used specific immune therapy for 24 months.In same period,110 cases of healthy chil-dren were selected as the control group.Curative effect was evaluated by rhinitis symptoms total score(TRSS)points rate.quality of life was evaluated by nasal conjunctivitis related quality of life questionnaire(RQLQ)score.Pulmonary function before and after treatment,serum Eos counting,IL -17,IL -35 were detected.Results (1 )In research group,the total effective rate after treatment of 2 years was 89.66%,which was significantly higher than 71.26% after treatment of 1 year,there was statistically significant difference(χ2 =18.716,P <0.05).(2)In the research group, TRSS score and RQLQ score after treatment of 1 year and 2 years were lower than that before treatment(t =28.360, 42.850,7.749,42.850,all P <0.05 ),and the data after treatment of 2 years were less than that after treatment 1 year(t =19.207,10.558,all P <0.05).(3)In the research group,FEV1 /predictive value after treatment of 1 year and 2 years elevated compared to that before the treatment,the airway resistance value /forecast and Eos count were lower than that before the treatment(t =15.972,27.811,48.780,62.211,10.930,62.211,all P <0.05).FEV1 /pre-dicted value after treatment of two years was higher than that after treatment of 1 year,airway resistance value /forecast and Eos counts were less than that after treatment of 1 year(t =8.728,14.707,16.488,all P <0.05 ).(4)In research group,serum IL -17 after treatment of 1 year and 2 years reduced,while IL -35 rose (t =9.162,14.522, 10.235,14.522,all P <0.05).And IL -17 after treatment of 2 years was lower than that after treatment of 1 year,IL-35 was higher than after treatment of 1 year(t =5.795,7.731,all P <0.05).(5)Correlation analysis showed that the serum IL -35 and the level of IL -17 showed a negative correlation(r =-0.36,P <0.05).Conclusion Effect of specific immune treatment on children with allergic rhinitis is better,specific immune treatment can improve the clinical symptoms,inhibit IL -17,promote IL35 and improve lung function and quality of life of patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil pretreatment on myoclonus after etomidate injection.Methods Sixty patients undergoing scheduled for intestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia were divided into remifentanil group and control group by random digits table method with 30 cases each.Before 0.3 mg/kg etomidate was given,the patients in remifentanil group and control group were pretreated with remifentanil 0.5 μ g/kg or amount of 0.9％ sodium chloride.Myoclonus was observed and recorded.Nausea,pruritis and apnea were observed after procedures.Results The incidence of myoclonus was 73.3％(22/30) in control group,mild in 11 cases,moderate in 10 cases and severe in 1 case.The incidence of myoclonus was 6.7％(2/30) in remifentanil group and mild in 2 cases.There was significant difference in the incidence of myoclonus between two groups (P ＜ 0.01).In control group,the ratio of myoclonus was 14/16 in males and 8/14 in females.In remifentanil group,male and female each had 1 case of myoclonus.There was no nausea,pruritis and apnea in remifentanil group.Conclusion Pretreatment with 0.5 μ g/kg remifentanil reduces myoclonus after etomidate injection,male patients are more associated with the incidence of myoclonus than female patients.

Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment of metastatic hepatic cancer. Methods Two hundred and eight patients with metastatic hepatic cancer received surgical treatment in our department during the past seven years, and their information were analyzed retrospectively in this paper. The ages of these patients ranged from 19 years to 82 years, and 133 of them were male, 75 of them were female. Two of them were complicated with hepatocirrhosis, and 5 with polycystic liver. The metastatic cancer originated from gastrointestinal tract in 121 cases (58.2%), and from other parts of the body in 87 cases (41.8%). One hundred and sixteen of the patients received resection treatment (resection group), and 92 of them received non-resecton treatment (non-resection group). The survival rates of the two groups were compared through Chi square test.Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for all patients were 56.3%,23.1% and 13.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 74.1 %,39.7% and 23.3% in the resection group respectively and 33.7%, 2.2% and 0 in the non-resection group, respectively. Resection group had a higher survival rate than that of the non-resection group ( P