Objective To investigate and analyze structure of risk perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing services and related factors.Method Two hundred and sixty eight VCT users were selected from 2 CDCs and 2 hospitals in Beijing and their perceived risks in the process of VCT were assessed by using self-administered question- naires.Factor analysis was performed to understand the relationship between different perceived risks,and risks perceived by different users were evaluated.Results Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis which included:fear of priva- cy disclosure,embarrassment,concern over the reliability of HIV tests,cost & time consumption,the tragic outcomes of HIV positive tests,and potential medical expenditures in the future.And the risks perceived by low and high income users were much higher than those perceived by middle income users.Conclusion There are clear structure of risks perceived by people using HIV voluntary counseling and testing,and people with different incomes have different levels of perceived risks.

Animals ; Caspase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Flurothyl ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; metabolism ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

AIM: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effects on young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion.
METHODS: There were 27 patients ( 45 cases ) who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion accepted the modified blepharosphincterectomy. The clinical effects and complications were evaluated.
RESULTS: After followed up for 6mo, 42 eyes were fully recovered, 3 eyes were unsuccessful and the cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes suffered minor lower eyelid skin folds, none had lower eyelid retraction and ectropion.CONCLUSION: Modified blepharosphincterectomy is an ideal cosmetic surgical treatment for young patients with congenital lower eyelid entropion. It is an effective surgical treatment with fewer complications.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of the multi-center breast DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), in order to improve the rate of early diagnosis. Methods Clinical data of 23 multi-center breast DCIS patients admitted and operated on from September 2003 to February 2009 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 4 cases associated with nipple discharge,and 18 cases with preoperative negative physical examination (78%). In the preoperative examination within 6 months, the positive rate of mammography was 90% mainly characterized by the existence of diffuse and multiple small calcifications. The positive rate of MRI was 25%, B ultrasound had no positive findings. The patients that were confirmed multi-center breast DCIS by intraoperative frozen section examination received mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary L1, L2 lymph node dissection. Conclusion The diffuse and multiple small calcification is one of early clinical characteristics of multi-center breast DCIS. Although the disease has a wide range of lesion, it still is an early tumor, and has a favourite prognosis after comprehensive treatment.

The radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma is one of the bases for making dividualized treatment program.Predition of radiosensitivity before radiotherapy has become a hot spot of the current study.It has been demonstrated that radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinoma is correlated to p53 portein,bcl-2portein,human epidermal growth factor receptors (hEGFR),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and so on.Detection of these markers may be helpful for predicting the radiosensitivity of esophageal carcinonla and making optimal treatment program.In addition,radiosensitivity of tumor can be predicted according to radiation-induced esophagitis grade and endiscopic uhrasonography(EUS).

Objective This study describes the protective effect of myocardial isehemic post- conditioning on ischemic-reperfused myocardium (I/ R) of diabetic rat and its Signaling mechanism. Methods Healthy SD rats weighing 25O-30Og were divided into 6 groups; (1) Blank control; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion; (3) Post conditioning; (4) Diabetic postconditioning ; (5) Diabetic ischemia-reperfusion; ( 6) Diabetic blank control group. Ten rats in each group were randomly selected. Introduction of diabetic rat model: 65 mg/kg STZ was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity, until 2 consecutive blood glucose measurements≥ 16.65 mmol/L were reached after48h. The diabetic model was successful when rats had following symptoms, such as more drinking, more eating, polyuria, weight loss and epilation. Langendorff isolated rat heart perfusion was used for the experiment. Following parameters were measured and compared: Coronary perfusion flow, myocardial infarct size, western blot for measurement of P-Akt, changes in myocardium and mitochondrian observed by Electron microscopy. Results Blood glucose concentration in diabetic group was (23. 15±2. 16) mmol/L and (4. 16±0. 31) mmol/L in non-diabetic group. There was a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the two groups. There were more coronary flow in post-conditioning groups (Post group and Dpost group) than ischemia-reperfusion groups (IR group and DIR group) (6.5±1.2、5.6±1.0 vs. 3.4±1.0、2.0±1.3). The myocardial infarction size was smaller in post-conditioning groups than in ischemia-reperfusion groups (25.2±2.1、34.2±3.6 vs. 47.5±3.5 、65.2±4.5). There was more expression of P-Akt and the myocardial fibers and mitochondrian in post-conditioning groups were better preserved. Conclusion Postconditioning has protective effects in diabetic rat hearts. The mechanism may be associated with Akt activation.

Objective To study cervical central group (VI region) lymph node metastasis with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and correlative influencing factors.Methods Clinical data of 215 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients undergoing surgery between Jan 2007 and Jan 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All patients accepted bilateral thyroidectomy and bilateral cervical central group lymph node dissection.The total incidence of cervical central group lymph node metastasis was 36.7％ (79/215).Factors relating to cervical central group lymph node metastasis rate were:age (with one year elder,the likelyhood of lymph node metastasis was 0.935 times lesser),gender (the ratio of female to male was 0.202),the number of foci and the sum of the diameters of all lesions.Conclusions Patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma may suffer from lymph node metastasis of the cervical central group,and lymph node metastasis rate increases significantly in young or male patients,and when the lesions were multifocal or the sum of the tumor diameter ＞ 0.5 cm.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of differentiating human umbilical cord blood stem cells into hepatocytes. Methods Thirty-six BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group(18 in each of the group), and experimental group was again randomly divided into group A, B and C (six in each of the group). The mice in experimental group and control group were exposed to 350 cGy radiation produced by 60Co. After 3 h, karyocytes at different concentrations in the fresh human umbilical cord blood were injected into the mice in experimental group A, B, C via their tail veins, and the equal volume of normal sodium (NS) was also injected into control group via tail veins. After one month, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected into experimental group A, B and control group via abdominal cavity, and the equal volume of normal sodium was injected into experimental group C. After two months, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of human cytokeratin-18 (CK18), cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and albumin (ALB) in liver tissues of all mice. Results The expressions of CK18, CK19 and ALB in injured liver tissues were all positive, and the expressions of experimental group B were higher than those of experimental group A (P

Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment of metastatic hepatic cancer. Methods Two hundred and eight patients with metastatic hepatic cancer received surgical treatment in our department during the past seven years, and their information were analyzed retrospectively in this paper. The ages of these patients ranged from 19 years to 82 years, and 133 of them were male, 75 of them were female. Two of them were complicated with hepatocirrhosis, and 5 with polycystic liver. The metastatic cancer originated from gastrointestinal tract in 121 cases (58.2%), and from other parts of the body in 87 cases (41.8%). One hundred and sixteen of the patients received resection treatment (resection group), and 92 of them received non-resecton treatment (non-resection group). The survival rates of the two groups were compared through Chi square test.Results The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for all patients were 56.3%,23.1% and 13.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 74.1 %,39.7% and 23.3% in the resection group respectively and 33.7%, 2.2% and 0 in the non-resection group, respectively. Resection group had a higher survival rate than that of the non-resection group ( P

Objective:To study expression of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 3 (CTRP‐3 ) in obese patients and its significance .Methods :A total of 402 obese patients were enrolled as obesity group and 405 normal people undergoing physical examination were regarded as normal control group . The correlation among CTRP‐3 level and related indexes were analyzed ,and multi-factor regression analysis was used to study independent risk factors for obesity .Results:Compared with normal control group ,there were significant rise in body mass index (BMI) ,homeostasis model -insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ,levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,triglyceride (TG) ,fasting blood glucose (FBG) ,insulin ,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) ,and significant reductions in levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,adiponectin (APN) ,leptin and CTRP‐3 in obesity group , P<0.05 or <0.01 . Spearman correlation analysis indicated that after age and gender correction ,CTRP‐3 level was significant inversely correlated with BMI (r= -0.221) ,SBP (r= -0.031) ,DBP (r= -0.043) ,TC (r= -0.147) , LDL‐C (r= -0.051) ,TG (r= -0.743) ,FBG (r= -0.238) ,insulin (r= -0.053) ,HOMA -IR (r= -0.281) , HbA1c (r= -0.741) and hsCRP levels (r= -0.216) ,P<0.05 or <0.01 ,and significant positively correlated with lev‐els of HDL‐C (r=0.351) ,APN (r= 0.852) and leptin (r=0.641) ,P<0.05 all .Multi-factor regression analysis indi‐cated that after correcting other influencing factors ,compared with high tertile CTRP‐3 group ,there were significant rise in OR value in middle tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=6.47 ,95% CI 3.58 -12.18) and low tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=12.39 ,95% CI 3.58-29.15) , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:CTRP‐3 level is significantly correlated with obesity -related fac‐tors ,and it′s an independent risk factor for obesity .