Objective To investigate the effect of L-type and T-type calcium channel blocker on detrusor autorhythmicity, contractility in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of detrusor instability (DI). Methods Animal models of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were established in 33 female SD rats and another 10 served as normal control. Six weeks later, the changes of detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility were examined by means of cystometry and the in vitro detrusor strip study. Results The incidence rate of DI was 75.9%. The detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility increased evidently after BOO (P

The congenital stricture (idiopathic urethral stricture) mostly lies in the anterior urethra and mainly occurs in boys. Hemangioma is the most common symptom of the idiopathic urethral stricture. Acquired strictures are due to four main causes. latrogenic urethral stricture is mainly caused by performing the transurethral resection, prostate, cystoscopy, prolonged catheterization, hypospadias repair and prostatectomy and so on. Bacteriuria is especially nosocomial with post operative infection in urethral strictures. Virus such as condylomata is another cause. Lichen sclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition of unknown cause and has the development of urethral strictures. Blunt anterior urethral injury is commonly associated with perineal straddle injury, while posterior urethral injury is accompanied pelvic fracture, penetrating injuries predominantly comes from gunshots involve both anterior and posterior urethra. Urethral injuries in children and females are rare. Here, we mainly investigated the causes of idiopathic and acquired urethral stricture.

Objective To study the effect of pelvic floor electric stimulation on bladder function in goats. Methods 18 goats were randomized into the stimulating and the control group. Results In the stimulating group,the bladder capacity significantly increased by 24%,the voiding pressure significantly declined by 24% and the metabolic level of the detrusor cells is significantly lower. Conclusions Electric stimulation of the pelvic floor would inhibit bladder contraction and may be helpful in the management of instable bladder and stress incontinence.

Objective To study the quantitative changes of gap junction (GJ) in the detrusors of unstable bladder(USB) in rats,and to deduce the functional changes of GJ,which mediates intercellular communication,so as to demonstrate one of the mechanisms of USB. Methods Thirteen Wistar rats, which were identified to have USB by manometry of filling bladder after establishment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) model, served as study,ie,USB group.Another 10 healthy female Wistar rats served as control group.The content and distribution of connexin (Cx) 43 of the detrusors, which were taken from these rats,were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and laser confocal microscopy with a double-label immunohistochemical technique. Results Cx43 protein was expressed in both control and USB group, the relative molecular weight was 43000.The mean gray levels of the detrusor protein bands in USB group and control group were 31.066 and 11.701,respectively;the difference of the values between the 2 groups was significant (P

Objective To explore the relationship between the activation of glial cells and the change of excitatory amino acids (EAA) in the cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis. Methods The pain models of chronic prostatitis were induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant and 3% carrageenan into the prostate of 40 rats. Another 20 rats served as normal control. Propentofylline was given with PE-10 in spinal cord of 20 rat models. The activation of astrocyte and microglia and Glu in the spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry and the change of excitatory amino acids was observed by amino acids analyzer. Results Activation of astrocyte and microglia was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Glu was significantly expressed in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis, and Glu and aspartic acid (Asp) was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Conclusion The activation of glial cells is an important reason for the change of excitatory amino acids in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis of rats. Inhibitor of gliocyte activation will be a new way to treat the pain of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of traditional transmyocardial laser revascularization (T-TMLR) and non-transmural myocardial laser revascularization (N-TMLR) on myocardial ischemic and necrotic areas and angiogenesis. Methods In rabbit models, using Evans′ blue -TTC stain and HE stain technique for measuring ischemic and necrotic areas and observing angiogenesis. Results After T-TMLR and N-TMLR,compared with the control group, the ischemic areas significantly decreased and significant elevation of angiogenesis was observed. But no difference in necrotic areas was observed among the three groups. Conclusion N-TMLR can achieve the same effects with T-TMLR. Inducing angiogenesis via laser channels and decreasing ischemic area may be one of the predominant mechanisms of TMLR whereas laser channels themselves open or not has no relation to the effects of TMLR.

Objective: To explore the association of the serum levels of cytokine IL-10 with the occurrence of cachexia from patients with low-third gastric cancer. Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to examine the serum levels of IL-10 in 150 patients with low-third gastric cancer and 135 healthy controls. Results: The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with low-third gastric cancer than controls(Z=-11.862, P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with low-third gastric cancer of clinical stageⅢ/Ⅳ than those with clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱ(Z=-10.028, P<0.01). The serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with cachexia than those without(Z=-10.369, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-10 was associated with odds ratios of 1.599 (95%CI:1.299-1.870, P<0.01) for cachexia. Conclusion: The serum levels of IL-10 are possibly associated with the occurrence of cachexia from patients with low-third gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment for the intracardiac leiomyomatosis (ICL).Methods Retrospectively reviews the data of 18 cases of ICL from February 1995 to June 2011 in Anzhen Hospital.Preoperative diagnosis of right atrial myxoma in 2 cases,right atrium/ventricular thrombus in 2 cases,pulmonary embolism in 2 cases,the inferior vena cava and right atrial tumor in 3 cases,the inferior vena cava lesions in 9 cases.18 cases of ICL were diagnosed by echocardiography,magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ),computer tomography (CT) and angiography.ICL were recected under anesthesia,cardiopulmonaray bypass surgery,he incisions were respectively through the chest,thoraco-abdominal or abdominal incision,cardiopulmonary bypass method were respectively at room temperature,mid-low temperature with cardiac arrest,lowflow,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.Results There was no operative death.Right atrium,inferior vena cava,bilateral renal vein,bilater alIliac vein vascular were not found leiomyoma by vascular ultrasound.Follow-up time was 5 ～ 106 (49 ± 42 )months,1 patient died of the leiomyoma recurrence after 5 months after the primary operation,the remaining 17 patients were followed up asymptomatically.10 were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ,and 7 in class Ⅱ.The 5yrs survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was (93 ±5 )％.Conclusion The ICL preoperative diagnosis is difficult,surgical treatment of ICL can get a good mid-long term survival rate and living quality.

AIM: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.f.alba. (Sal) on the mitochondrial ultra-structure, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ischemia injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS: The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was established by a modified Longa occlusion method. Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, simple ischemia reperfusion group, Sal with ischemia reperfusion group and butylphthalide with ischemia reperfusion group. To study the protective effects of Sal and its mechanism, the intervention of Sal was given and the ultra-structure of mitochondria, functions of mitochondria under oxidative stress and the incidence of apoptosis of brain cells were determined.RESULTS: Many electron dense toxic granulation and vacuolus in mitochondria were observed in the rat brain of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Under the condition of ischemia and reperfusion, the mitochondria membrane was disaggregative, and the tubular cristae of mitochondrion disappeared. MDA content was obviously increased and the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly. The apoptosis of brain cells were observed in a great quantity. The changes of ultra-structure of mitochondria and the activity of GSH-Pxase were significantly improved by the treatment of Sal. Furthermore, treatment with Sal delayed the decrease of GSH-Pxase activity, and inhibited the increase in MDA content in brain tissue after ischemia and reperfusion. The incidence of apoptosis of brain cells was also decreased.CONCLUSION: Sal protects the brain tissue from ischemia injury.

BackgroundRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) has the genetic and phenotype heterogeneity.To determine the disease-causing gene is a foundation of gene therapy.Objective This study was to localize the pathogenic gene and screen the gene mutation associated with Han Nationality autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in a Chinese family.MethodsTwenty-one families enrolled this study,including 12 patients with ADRP and 9 individuals with normal phenotype.Perimetry,fundus examination,electrooculogram ( EOG ) and electroretinogram (ERG) were performed in 12 patients.Genetic linkage analysis was performed on the subjects in all known genetic loci related to ADRP with a panel of microsatellite markers.Subsequently,the mutation screening of rhodopsin gene was screened by direct DNA sequencing.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.Informed consent was obtained from each subject.ResultsThe fundus appearance of the proband was in accordance with the ADRP,and the EOG and ERG showed undetectable.Contractive visual field also was exhibited in the proband.Linkage analysis showed that the maximum logarithm of the odds(LOD) score reached 3.6671 at marker D3S1292 at recombination fraction θ =0.0.The results of direct DNA sequencing revealed a C→ G transversion mutation at codon 53 in exon 1 of rhodopsin gene,which resulted in a proline to arginine change (Pro53Arg) in 12 patients.However,no similar mutation was found in the unaffected members of this family.ConclusionsThe missence mutation Pro53Arg in rhodopsin gene cosegregate with the RP disease.It is determined to be a pathogenic factor of this ADRP family.