The emergence of allergy caused by Pingyangmycin is rare. A case of allergy caused by minidose and low concentration Pingyangmycin was reported in this article.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the relative factors and prognostic impact for angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSA total of 930 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI were divided into no-reflow group and normal-reflow group. Factors related to no-reflow were analyzed by logistic regression model and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in-hospital as well as during long-term follow-up was also observed.

RESULTSNo-reflow occurred in 82 out of 930 patients. Admission glucose level (9.8 +/- 4.3 mmol/L vs. 8.5 +/- 3.5 mmol/L, P = 0.001), peak CK-MB value (369.4 +/- 167.8 U/L vs. 282.3 +/- 161.7 U/L, P < 0.01) and percentage of TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram (69.5% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.009) were significantly higher and pre-infarction angina (19.5% vs. 48.1%, P < 0.01) was significantly lower in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that admission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent predictors of no reflow. In-hospital MACE (37.8% vs. 11.3%, P < 0.01) and follow-up MACE (37.5% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.01) were also significantly higher in no-flow patients than normal flow patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that no-reflow was an independent predictor of long-term cardiac death (relative risk 3.83, 95% confidence interval 1.71 to 5.57).

CONCLUSIONAdmission glucose level, absence of pre-infarction angina, TIMI flow grade 0 on initial angiogram and pump failure were independent risk factors for no-reflow and no-flow is an independent predictor for increased in-hospital and follow-up MACE.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Blood Glucose ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomy variation of coronary vein system in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-ischemic heart disease (NIHD).Method Forty-one patients with IHD and 87 patients with NIHD [101 men, mean age (63.5 ± 10. 6)years] were included in this study. Results Coronary sinuses were successfully cannulated and venographies were obtained in 127 cases. Transvenous LV pacing leads were successfully placed in optimal coronary vein in 123 cases (96. 09% ). The majority (76. 38% ) patients had at least one or more vessel abnormalities (thinness, stenosis, tortuousity, lack of lateral marginal vein or postero-lateral vein). The incidence of thin and tortuousity was significantly higher in lateral marginal vein than that in postero-lateral vein (P <0. 05 -0. 01 ). The incidence of lack of postern-lateral marginal vein was more frequent than the lack of lateral vein (P < 0. 05 ). The rate of abnormality in both vessels was 25. 2%. Incidence of vein lack in male was more frequent than in female ( P < 0. 05 ). The thin and tortuousity of vessels in female were more frequent than in male ( P < 0. 05 ) . The incidence of thin and tortuousity of postero-lateral and abnormality of both vessels was significantly higher in IHD than in NIHD patients ( P < 0. 05 ). All coronary sinus myocardial bridges occurred in NIHD. Stenoses of left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) were mostly associated with abnormality of lateral vessels. Conclusions The anatomic variations of lateral and postern-lateral coronary vein were more frequent in this patient cohort. Vein lack in male was more frequent and the thin and tortuousity of vessels were less in male than in female patients. The ratio of vessel abnormality is higher in patients with IHD. Coronary arteries stenosis and position of infarction are associated with anatomic variations of coronary vein system.

Objective To evaluate the in-hospital outcome of patients with calcified chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesion underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) . Methods The clinic and lesion characteristics as well as acute PCI outcome were analyzed in 726 patients with calcified CTO [624 detected by coronary angiography (CAG) and 102 detected by intravascular unltrasound (IVUS)] and received PCI therapy from June 1995 to February 2007 in our department. Results There were 728 diseased vessels with 732 lesions in these patients. Total procedure success rate (80. 6% vs. 89. 2%, P <0. 05) and the lesion success rate (80. 2% vs. 88.2%, P < 0. 05 ) were significantly lower in calcified CTO detected by CAG compared to that detected by IVUS. The causes of procedure failures in CAG detected patients were as follows: 87 guide failure, 21 balloon failure, 8 procedure related complications and 5 low TIMI blood flow (grade 2) at the end of PCI procedure. The causes of procedure failures in IVUS detected patients were as follows: 7 guide wire failure, 2 balloon failure, 1 procedure related complications and 1 patient with low TIMI blood flow (grade 2). The in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 1.1% in CAG detected calcified CTO and 1.0% in IVUS detected calcified CTO (P 0. 05). Conclusion PCI therapy resulted in satisfactory procedure success rate and in-hospital outcome for patients with calcified CTO and IVUS is helpful for further increasing the PCI procedure success rate in patients with calcified CTO.

BACKGROUNDLong-term efficacy and safety of tacrolimus-eluting stent (Janus) for treatment of coronary artery disease in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) "real world" is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Janus stent for treating coronary heart disease in PCI daily practice, the safety of 4-month clopidogrel therapy after Janus stent implantation and the feasibility for treating patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for first time.

METHODSFrom February 20, 2006 to August 26, 2006, a total of 200 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either Janus stent (n = 100) or bare metal stent (Tecnic Carbostent, n = 100). All patients were administered with clopidogrel for 4 months and aspirin for life long after stenting.

RESULTSBaseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable between the two groups. AMI was present in 37% of patients with Janus and 36% with Tecnic Carbostent. At an average of 246-day follow-up, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 6% with the Janus stent and 15% with the Tecnic Carbostent (P = 0.038). Primary events included 1 cardiac death, 1 myocardial infarction (MI) due to subacute stent thrombosis and 13 target lesion revascularizations (TLR) due to restenosis in patients with Tecnic Carbostent and 6 TLR due to restenosis in patients with Janus stent. Although all patients had discontinued clopidogrel for an average of 126 days, there was no additional thrombotic event in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSJanus stent is efficient in reducing MACE compared with Tecnic Carbostent at an average of 8-month follow-up. Discontinuation of clopidogrel at 4 months after PCI is safe for patients with Janus stent, including AMI patients. Long-term efficacy of Janus stent in reducing restenosis requires further study.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage

BACKGROUNDThere are limited data on the efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) for treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTO). The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of DES implantation for CTO compared with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation.

METHODSBetween June 1995 and December 2006, a total of 1184 patients with successful recanalization of at least one de novo CTO lesion were consecutively registered, including 660 (55.7%) who underwent DES and 524 (44.3%) who underwent BMS implantation. All patients were followed up for up to 5 years for occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Long-term survival rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSBaseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable between the two groups except that patients in the DES group received longer dual antiplatelet therapy ((7.4 +/- 2.5) months vs (1.7 +/- 0.8) months, P < 0.001). Average follow-up periods were (4.7 +/- 0.89) and (3.2 +/- 1.3) years for the BMS and DES groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rates between the two groups (90.3% for DES group vs 89.6% for BMS group, Log-rank P = 0.38), but the 5-year target vessel revascularization (TVR)-free survival rate in the DES group was significantly higher than that in the BMS group (81.6% vs 73.5%, Log-rank P < 0.001). The cumulative MACE-free survival in the DES group was also significantly higher than that in the BMS group (80.6% vs 71.5%, Log-rank P < 0.001). The rates of re-admission caused by cardiovascular disease (27.0% vs 37.8%, P < 0.001) and the need for bypass surgery were significantly lower in the DES group (1.5% vs 3.4%, P < 0.05). By multivariable analysis, DES implantation could significantly lower the long-term MACE risk of PCI for CTO patients (HR: 0.492; 95% CI 0.396 - 0.656, P < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% and elderly (> or = 65 years) were identified as independent predictors of long-term MACE during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the long-term (up to 5 years) efficacy of DES for treatment of CTO, which is superior to BMS implantation in reducing the rates of TVR and MACE, as well as the need of re-admission and bypass surgery.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Occlusion ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDFailure of balloon catheter passing through the occluded segment accounts for 10% - 15% of all procedures during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO). We sought to investigate an original technique for facilitating balloon catheter passing by multi-wire plaque crushing.

METHODSBetween July 2000 and October 2007, 152 patients with 164 CTO lesions who had failed balloon passing were treated by multi-wire plaque crushing technique. The main process of this technique was to insert 1 or 2 wires along with the original wire located in the true lumen of CTO lesions after balloon failure for plaque crushing and then to withdraw the crushing wires to get an enlarged lumen inside of the occlusion segment, thus facilitating the balloon passing.

RESULTSBoth overall lesion and technique success rates were 91.5% (150/164). A total of 211 crushing wires were used during PCI, including 1 crushing wire for 117 (71.3%) lesions and 2 crushing wires for 47 (28.7%) lesions. Approximately 57.3% (121/211) of all crushing wires were those already used in the same procedure. Technique failure occurred in 14 lesions (8.5%). Technique failure was due to crushing wires entering false lumen (92.9%, 13/14) and coronary perforation (7.1%, 1/14). Major procedural complications included coronary perforation (1 case) and severe coronary dissection (2 cases), all of which were successfully treated.

CONCLUSIONSMulti-wire plaque crushing technique is effective in facilitating balloon catheter passing during CTO PCI. It is feasible, economical and relatively safe with a low rate of procedural complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Stenosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDData on the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stent (DES) for treatment of multiple coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions are scanty. The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term outcomes of DES versus bare metal stent (BMS) implantation for multiple coronary CTO lesions.

METHODSWe analyzed 188 patients who underwent coronary stenting for at least two de novo CTO lesions in our center from November 2000 to November 2006. Among them, 118 patients (62.8%) received DES and 70 patients (37.2%) received BMS implantation after the recanalization for CTO lesions. All patients were followed up for up to 5 years for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Long-term survival rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and procedural success rate between DES group and BMS group. Compared with the BMS group, the DES group showed a significantly higher rate of long CTO (> or = 15 mm) (62.0% vs. 50.6%, P = 0.023). The number of stents per lesion (1.39 +/- 0.71 vs. 1.17 +/- 0.66, P = 0.007) and the mean length of stents in the DES group were also higher than those in the BMS group ((40.8 +/- 11.4) mm vs. (23.4 +/- 8.7) mm, P < 0.001). But the mean diameter of stents in the DES group was smaller than that in the BMS group ((3.1 +/- 0.2) mm vs. (3.3 +/- 0.5) mm, P < 0.001). Average follow-up time was 4.8 +/- 0.7 (1.5 - 5.0) years in the BMS group and 4.3 +/- 0.5 (1.3 - 5.0) years in the DES group. Both the 5-year cumulative survival rates and the target vessel revascularization (TVR)-free survival rates of the DES group were significantly higher than those in the BMS group (83.1% vs. 72.9%, Log-rank P = 0.044; 77.1% vs. 62.9%, Log-rank P = 0.009). The cumulative MACE-free survival rates in the DES group were significantly higher than those in the BMS group (71.2% vs. 51.4%, Log-rank P = 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that DES implantation for multiple CTO lesions could significantly reduce the long-term MACE risk after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (HR: 0.436; 95%CI 0.327 - 0.665, P < 0.001). Age over 65 years (HR: 2.018; 95%CI 1.491 - 3.127, P < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% (HR: 1.494; 95%CI 1.125 - 2.376, P < 0.001) were identified as the independent predictors of long-term MACE.

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the long-term (up to 5 years) efficacy and safety of DES for treatment of multiple coronary CTO lesions, and its superiority compared to BMS in reducing the rates of TVR and MACE.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Coronary Occlusion ; mortality ; therapy ; Coronary Thrombosis ; chemically induced ; mortality ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDCoronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains one of the most challenging lesion subsets in interventional cardiology, even with the development of medical device and operator expertise. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lesion characteristics and procedural success and the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO.

METHODSClinical and coronary angiographic data of 1263 patients with CTO who underwent PCI between June 1995 and December 2005 in Shenyang General Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 1625 CTO lesions located in 1596 vessels with a mean occlusion time of 48.9 months. A total of 1647 coronary stents were implanted to the target lesions. The overall patient and lesion success rates were 90.8% (1147/1263) and 88.9% (1445/1625), respectively. The success rate of PCI was declined with long duration of occlusion, abrupt missing stump, bridging collaterals > or = 15 mm in occluded length, moderate to severe calcification or tortuosity and ostial or distal location of CTO lesions (P < 0.05). Procedural failure occurred in 116 patients, caused by impossibility of guide-wire (81.0%) or balloon (19.0%) to pass through the occlusion. There was no death during procedure, but 2 patients suffered from acute stent thrombosis and other 9 patients had acute or late pericardial perforation. Those complications were all successfully treated. After procedure, 3 patients died, 4 experienced urgent target vessel revascularization because of subacute stent thrombosis and 1 underwent coronary bypass graft surgery due to coronary fistula during in-hospital period. The overall in-hospital MACE rate was 0.6% (8/1263). Drug-eluting stents were used in 198 patients without in-hospital MACE.

CONCLUSIONSIn an experienced heart center, it is possible to obtain a relatively high success rate of PCI and favorable clinical outcomes for patients with coronary CTO lesions.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents

BACKGROUNDRapid recanalization of infarct-related artery (IRA) has become the major target during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), but strategy for treatment of non-IRA lesions in this setting remains unclear. This study aimed to compare long-term effects between PCI for IRA only and that for both IRA and non-IRA in ST-elevation MI patients with multi-vessel disease.

METHODSA total of 242 eligible patients with ST-elevation MI and at least two diseased coronary arteries (luminal narrowing > or = 70%) undergoing primary PCI were included. Of them, 149 patients underwent primary PCI for IRA only (group 1), and 93 received primary PCI for IRA followed by elective PCI for non-IRA 7 to 15 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (group 2). Drug-eluting stents (DESs) were deployed in more than 90% of the patients.

RESULTSThe two groups did not differ with respect to baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. No significant differences were observed in 12-month clinical follow-up results regarding major adverse cardiac events (11.5% vs 15.1%, P > 0.05) and target lesion revascularization (8.1% vs 7.6%, P > 0.05) between the two groups. However, patients in group 1 had higher rates of recurrent angina (10.1% vs 2.1%, P < 0.05) and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction evaluated by echocardiography (0.56 +/- 0.22 vs 0.63 +/- 0.25, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWith the use of DESs, complete revascularization with elective PCI for non-IRA after primary PCI may exert a beneficial effect on long-term symptomatology and left ventricular function in patients with ST-elevation MI and multi-vessel disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Myocardial Revascularization ; methods ; Treatment Outcome