Objective To evaluation the comprehensive acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) intervention program conducting in men who have sex with men (MSM) population living in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Methods A comprehensive intervention program was carried out among MSM groups in Hohhot and Baotou City. Seven hundred and six and 767 MSM were enrolled for investigation through the snowball method during May 2008 and May to June 2009, respectively.At the same time, 5 mL intravenous blood sample was collected from each subject for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection and intervention effect evaluation. Data were analyzed by x2test. Results After intervention, the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge increased from 70.7%(499/706) to 81.7%(627/767) (x2 =25. 004, P＜0.01 ). The rate of consistent condom use in the last six months increased from 38.0%(254/668) to 45.3% (346/764) (x2=8. 269, P＜0. 05). The percentage of subjects who had more than 5 different male sexual partner during the last 6 months significantly decreased from 42.8% to 24.6% (x2 = 55. 348, P＜0.01). The median number of sexual partners in MSM decreased from 3 in 2008 to 2 in 2009. The HIV infection rate was 1.7 % in both 2008 and 2009. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention program among MSM population shows positive influence after one year implementation, which is helpful for increasing HIV/AIDS awareness and safe sex behavior in this population.

Animals ; Lung ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Spleen ; immunology ; pathology ; fas Receptor ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo determine the exact location of the opening of the ejaculatory duct in men and provide some basic anatomical evidence for seminal vesiculoscopy and the treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction.

METHODSWe performed ureterocystoscopy for 21 male patients aged 26 - 47 years with hematuria (n = 12), hematospermia (n = 2), glandular cystitis (n = 6), and anejaculation after radical resection of rectal carcinoma (n = 1), and meanwhile, with the consent of the patients, massaged the prostate and ejaculatory duct and observed the outlet of the expelled fluid. Under the microscope, we described the fluid samples with sperm as the expulsion from the ejaculatory duct.

RESULTSUreterocystoscopy showed that the exact anatomical sites of the expulsion of prostatic fluid and semen in the patients were the side and lower side of the prostatic utricle opening above the verumontanum and the ventral side of the verumontanum. Quantities of sperm were found in the expulsion fluid of 13 of the patients, and no expulsion, including semen, was seen from the prostatic utricle opening.

CONCLUSIONAnatomically, the ejaculatory duct openings of males are located at the two sides of the verumontanum adjacent to the opening of the prostatic utricle, rather than in the prostatic utricle above the verumontanum.

Adult ; Cystoscopes ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Endoscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hematuria ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostate ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Semen ; secretion ; Spermatozoa

Objective]The aim of this study was to investigate the level of serum C3,C4 and HDL-C in patients with coronary heart disease and the correlation between C3,C4 and HDL-C in patients with coronary heart disease.[Methods]We collected 251 cases of patient diagnosed with coronary artery disease by coronary angiography in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital ,Sun Yat-Sen University from 2015-12 to 2016-07 and collected over our Boji Medical Center healthy people in 214 cases. These patients were divided into acute coronary syndrome group with 180 cases and stable coronary heart disease group with 71 cases. Each test results was adopted from clinical laboratory of Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital ,Sun Yat-Sen University.[Results]Compared with the healthy control ,the difference of serum C3,C4 and HDL-C from acute coronary syndrome group and stable coronary heart disease group,was statistically significant(P<0.05). However,in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease groups,there was no significant correlation(P > 0.05)between C3,C4 and HDL-C. In healthy group,complement C3 negatively correlated with HDL-C,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In patients with coronary heart disease, the level of C3 and C4 increased,while the level of HDL-C decreased ,and inflammation may affect the relevance judgments between complement and HDL-C.

Objective To explore the influence of hypoxia on cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) gene expr ession of rat cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the mod ulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide on PASMCs proliferation.Methods Rat′s cultured PASMCs were randomly divided into contr ol group,NaHS group,hypoxia group and hypoxia +NaHS group. Each group contains 6 wells of cells. Hypoxic challenge was performed with oxygen concentr ation≤1%. The cell proliferation rate was measured by 3H-thymidine i ncorporation into DNA of the PASMCs. The expression of CSE mRNA was measured by quantitative competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ).Results For the PASMCs in hypoxia group, the amount of CSE mRN A was down-regulated about 67% (P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the principle and treatment of rotational unstable nonunion of the femoral shaft fracture after interlocking nailing.

METHODSFrom April 2003 to June 2007, 18 cases of rotational unstable nonunion of femoral shaft fractures after interlocking nailing were treated with exchanged reamed nailing and/or LCP fixation and iliac bone graft. The average age was 40 years old (from 22 to 52).

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for an average time of 28 months (from 12 to 58). All the fractures were united in an average time of 7 months (from 6 to 8). There were no perioperative complications occurred and no wound infection were observed. No loosening was found around the implant till the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSRotational instability is one of the reasons of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after interlocking nailing. Reaming and nail exchanging or LCP fixation with iliac bone graft are the appropriate methods which can achieve a great clinic results.

Adult ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo provide fundamental information for its exploiting. Aralia echinocaulis by the resource and identification study on.

METHODResource survey and various identification were carried out.

RESULTThe county level distribution and ecological environment of A. echinocaulis were initially observed. It mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of the Yangtze River basin and the south, and was usually used as folk drug. This study also displayed its morphological, microscopic and chemophysical identification features.

CONCLUSIONThe morphological features of original plant and crude drug, and the anatomical and chemophysical characteristics of A. echinocaulis are of identification value, and the species are also of greater development and utilization potentiality, but the resource does not support the sustainable utilization. Therefore, artificial propagation is apparently crucial to its exploitation.

Aralia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Pharmacognosy ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Leaves ; cytology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; cytology ; Plants, Edible ; anatomy & histology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating distal tibiofibular fractures.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2011, 60 patients with distal tibiofibular fractures were treated by manipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis. Among them, there were 32 males and 28 females aged from 14 to 70 years old with an average of 41.22 +/- 2.06. According to AO classification of fractures,5 cases were type A1, 22 cases were type A2,21 cases were type A3 and 12 cases were type C1. Operation time, blood loss,time of callus and fracture healing were observed, Mazur scoring of ankle joint were used to evaluate therapeutic.

RESULTSFifty-eight incisions were healed at stage I ,and 2 cases were infected at distal tibial. Operation time was with an average of (62.34 +/- 5.66) min ranged 45 to 90 min;blood loss was 30 to 150 ml with an average of (80.57 +/- 5.59) ml;formation of callus appeared from 4 to 12 weeks,with an average of (8.24 +/- 2.06) weeks, and fracture healing time was from 3 to 6 months, with an average of (4.50 +/- 1.13) months. According to Mazur scoring of ankle joint 40 cases got excellent results, 18 good, and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONManipulative reduction with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis can obtain reliable fixation. It is a good choice of treating distal tibiofibular fractures by protecting blood supply of fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the histopathologic grade and extent of prostatic inflammation with the level of serum PSA in patients with type IV prostatitis.

METHODSWe performed transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy for 120 patients suspected of prostate cancer and included in this study only those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis (n = 46), excluding the cases with prostate cancer and those with BPH but no prostatitis. We evaluated the relationship between prostatic inflammation and serum PSA levels based on the three-grade pathohistologic criteria for the extent, location and aggressiveness of prostatic inflammation. The serum tPSA levels, fPSA levels, % fPSA, and PSAD were compared among different groups.

RESULTSAs for the extent of inflammation, 35 of the 46 included cases were grade I (tPSA: [8.46 +/- 4.09] microg/L; fPSA: [1.75 +/- 0.93] microg/L; PSAD: 0.15 +/- 0.11), 7 were grade II (tPSA: [15.26 +/- 5.26] microg/L; fPSA: [2.54 +/- 0.72] microg/L; PSAD: 0.26 +/- 0.07) and 4 were grade III (tPSA: [21.05 +/- 7.58] microg/L; fPSA: [3. 19 +/- 1.13] microg/L; PSAD: 0.42 +/- 0.19), with statistically significant differences among the three groups in the levels of tPSA (P = 0.001), fPSA (P = 0.008) and PSAD (P < 0.001). Regarding the location of inflammation, 19 cases were grade I, 17 were grade II and 10 were grade II, with no significant differences in tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA among the three grades (P > 0.05). As for the aggressiveness of inflammation, 32 cases were grade I (tPSA: [8.37 +/- 4.07] microg/L; fPSA: [1.76 +/- 0.93] microg/L; PSAD: 0.14 +/- 0.11), 10 were grade II (tPSA: [13.30 +/- 5.69] microg/L; fPSA: [3.27 +/- 2.21] microg/L ; PSAD: 0.25 +/- 0.06) and 4 were grade III (tPSA: [21.05 +/- 7.58] microg/L; fPSA: [3.19 +/- 1.13] microg/L; PSAD: 0.42 +/- 0.19), with statistically significant differences among the three grades in the levels of tPSA (P = 0.002), fPSA (P = 0.024) and PSAD (P < 0.001). The extent of inflammation was positively correlated with the levels of tPSA (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), fPSA (r = 0.5, P = 0.001) and PSAD (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), and so was the aggressiveness of inflammation (tPSA: r = 0.5, P < 0.001; fPSA: r = 0.4, P = 0.008; PSAD: r = 0.7, P < 0.001), but a negative correlation was found between the aggressiveness of inflammation and %fPSA (r = -0.4, P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONThe aggressiveness and extent of prostatic inflammation in asymptomatic prostatitis patients are significantly correlated with the level of serum PSA, which may help pathologists to avoid unnecessary repeated biopsies for patients with high-grade prostatitis.

Aged ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; blood ; pathology ; Prostatitis ; blood ; pathology ; Serum

OBJECTIVETo rudiment analyze the different intervention factors affecting the spinal cord injury functional recovery initially through prospective study project.

METHODSDesigned prospective study project without clinical treatment intervention and admitted 62 spinal cord injury cases into observation group from Dec 2006 to Dec 2007. The internalized standard included acute spinal cord injury within 1 week, aged from 18 to 65 years old without sexuality difference and diagnosed as type A injury: total spinal cord injury or type B injury: non-total spinal cord injury (without movement function below the injury plane) according to clinical physical examination and combined MRI or CT examination. All the 62 cases were followed up. The spinal cord function were estimated at the time of arriving hospital, 1, 3, 6 months after injury during the following up time according to the American Spine Injury Association standard (Revised at 2000) and functional independence measure (FIM) score. The intervention factors affecting the spinal cord injury functional recovery were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 62 cases, male 60 cases and female 2 cases, aged from 18 to 41 years old, mean age 24 years old, 29 cases can be classified into type A injury and 33 cases can be classified into type B injury. There was no significant difference (Index including sense ASIA, motor ASIA and FIM) between operation group and non-operation group, namely conservatively composite treatment at all observation point in all type A injury cases (P > 0.05). There was significant difference (Index including sense ASIA, motor ASIA and FIM) between operation group and non-operation group at all observation point in all type B injury cases (P < 0.05); And there was significant difference (Index including sense ASIA, motor ASIA and FIM) between operated in 8 hours (< or = 8 h) group and beyond 8 hours (> 8 h) group at all observation point in all type B operated cases (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOperation and operation time were of no significant value for type A injury (total spinal cord injury), but considering the nursing convenience and the need for spinal stabilities, operation decompression and internal fixation can be chosen; Operation decompression should be performed as soon as quickly for type B injury (non-total spinal cord injury) in order to get better functional recovery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery of Function ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult