Objective To evaluate the sanitation of the ecological toilet systems used in rural areas. Methods The urine diverting Ecosan toilets in rural areas of Guangxi province were observed for the utilization, maintenance and sanitization. The hygienic evaluation was carried out according to the Hygienic Standards for Excreta Sanitization GB 7959-87. Results The new type of urine diverting Ecosan toilets could meet the requirements of non-hazard treatment of excreta. Conclusion Such toilet system should be developed in most parts of Guangxi.

Objective To investigate the effect of aprotinin on the inflammation response to reinfusion of shed blood during operation after being aspirated, filtered and washed using cell saver.Methods Twenty-four ASA I - II patients undergoing elective spinal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups: aprotinin group ( n = 12) and control group ( n = 12) .The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pentobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg ? kg -1 , fentanyl 2-4 ?g ? kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1-0.3 mg ? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane, propofol infusion and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. In aprotinin group aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was given before skin incision and another dose of aprotinin 10 ? 105 IU was continuously infused during operation. The blood shed during operation was collected, anticoagulated with heparin, filtered, washed and reinfused using AutoLog cell saver. Blood samples were taken from CVP line before skin incision (T1 , baseline), 30 min after reinfusion of salvaged bloods (T2) and at the end of operation (T3 ) for WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts and determination of expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes using flow cytometry. Results The two groups were similar with respect to the general condition of the patients, duration of operation and account of shed blood reinfused. (676? 353) ml was reinfused in control group. The expression of CD11b and CD18 on the surface of neutrophil granulocytes increased significantly at T2 and T3 as compared to the baseline at T1 in control group ( P

Objective The adsorption effects of four sorts of dietary fibres from seaweeds on exogenous NO~-_(2) were studied in vitro and in vivo.Methods By simulating the environment of stomach and small intestine in vitro,and feeding rat in vivo.At the same time,the adsorption effect of wheat bran was studied comparatively.Results The results showed that:(1) the adsorption effect of dietary fibres on NO~-_(2) were related with the pH and the species of dietary fibres.Under the simulated stomach environment,the adsorption capacity of Laminaria japonica was the strongest with 1.19 mg?g~(-1),the next was Eucheuma with 0.94 mg?g~(-1),and Sargassum was the weakest with 0.60 mg?g~(-1).The adsorption ratio of Laminaria japonica and Eucheuma was significantly higher than that of wheat bran(P

Objective: To study 63 cases of nasal tumors treated by dermatologic surgery, and analyze their generality and characters. Methods: The cases were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 and SAS6.12. Results: The average age of the patients was 46.92?18.63.The number of man was about equal to that of women. Most cases were basal cell carcinoma (42.9%). Nevus came second (38.1%). The other cases were benign tumors. The distribution of operational locations showed the character of nasal surgery. Operations of Alar occupied 52.4%,22.2% were on the dorsal and 15.9% on the tip. Other locations occupied 9.5%. Cases of primary close occupied 69.8%. Cases applying complex close were 30.2%. Statistic analysis illustrated that primary close was different from complex close with distribution of operational locations. The area of defects between primary close and complex close was also different. At the same time, the differentiation of applying complex close was obvious between malignant tumors and benign tumors. Conclusion: Skin cancers and benign tumors usually occur on the nose, so it is very important to master the techniques of plastic surgery to repair the defects of nose, besides removing tumors perfectly by the classical way of dermatologic surgery, Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Objective To evaluate the influence of partial parenteral nutrition on serum osmotic pressure,blood glucose,(biochemistry),bilirubin metabolism,immune function,growth and development of premature infants.Methods Seventy premature infants were randomly divided into control group and study group.On the base of enteral feeding,study group were offered parenteral nutrition, while the control group were supplied 10% glucose, fluid and electrolytes. Simultaneously, relevant indices were measured in 2 groups.Results 1.There were no significant difference in serum osmotic pressure,blood glucose and biochemistry before and after parenteral nutrition. 2.There were no significant difference in emerging and lasting time of jaundice between 2 groups.3.Serum IgG,IgA,IgM,C_3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 in study group were significantly higher than those in control group. 4.In study group the time of hospitalization and birth-weight regain were significantly shorter than those in control group.Conclusions There is no significant influence on serum osmotic pressure,blood glucose, biochemistry and bilirubin metabolism during partial parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition may help gain weight, shorten the time of hospitalization, and improve immunological function of neonates.

Objective To construct an oral recombinant DNA vaccine of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) neutrophil activating protein (Hp-NAP), and to evaluate its immunotherapeutic effects. Methods The napA gene (encoding Hp-NAP) was amplified by poly mera se chain reaction(PCR) and cloned into TA cloning vector pBT. After nucleotide s equencing and sequence analysis, the target sequence was subcloned into an eukar yot ic expression vector pIRES. Then the identified recombinant plasmid, pIRES-napA , was transformed into a live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium(S. typhimurium ) strain SL7207, and lavaged into a long-term(30 weeks) model of BALB/c mice infected by Sydney strain(SS1) of H. pylori. Results A 435 bp target gene of napA was amplified by PCR. Seq uenci ng and BLAST analysis showed that most of the cloned napA sequence was homologou s with that of SS1 strain of H. pylori. provided by GenBank, and the homolog y of neucleotide and protein was over 98%, respectively. PCR and restriction enzyme digestion id entification indicated that a recombinant live attenuated S. typhimurium DNA vaccine strain carrying Hp-napA gene was successfully constructed. After 4 wee ks of oral immunization, 75% of mice treated with DNA vaccine were rapid urease test negative, while those with vacant plasmid or normal saline alone were all p ositive (P= 0.0476). The titer of serum Hp-NAP antibody was signific antly elevated in treatment group. Conclusions The successful construction of an effective oral recom binant DNA vaccine of Hp-NAP may be helpful for the further development of polyvalent DNA vaccine against H. pylori infection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)guided by ultrasonography for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.Methods From September 2005 to January 2008,44 patients with calculi within horseshoe kidneys(51 sides)underwent ultrasonography-guided F24-tract PCNL in our hospital.Among the cases,single calculus was found in 24 kidneys,multiple calculi were detected in 18,and staghorn calculi in 9.The stones sized(24.4?5.8)mm in length.Results All the operations were completed in one session,single tract was established in 49 kidneys,while double tracts were used in the other 2;31 of the tracts were made through the upper calyx,20 via the middle calyx,and 2 through the lower calyx.The mean operation time was(48.4?11.9)min.The stone-free rate after one-session operation was 88.2%(45/51),3 cases received a second-session PCNL to remove the residual calculi.After the operation,the hemoglobin decreased by(11.3?3.7)% in the patients,none of them received blood transfusion.Postoperative rate of surgery-related infection was 5.9%(3/51).No pleural or abdominal injury occurred.44 patients were followed up for 11.4 months,during the period one of the 3 patients who received the second-session surgery achieved stone-free.The rate of recurrence at 6 months was 2.0%(1/51),and 6.5% at 1 year(3/46).Conclusions Ultrasonography-guided standard PCNL is effective and safe for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.

Objective To study the level and difference of cytokine in COPD patients with lung qi deficiency syndrome and lung yin deficiency syndrome. Methods The level of IL-8, IL-1? and TNF-? in COPD patients were detected respectively. There were 30 cases with lung qi deficiency syndrome and 30 cases with lung yin deficiency syndrome, meanwhile, thirty healthy people were selected as the control group. Results The cytokine level of lung qi deficiency syndrome and lung yin deficiency syndrome was significant higher than that of the health people (P

Objective To evaluate the quality of clinical trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in China.Methods Literature of clinical trials of acupuncture was collected and analyzed,evaluated by the randomized controlled test criteria and the clinical assessing method in Cochrane handbook of international Cochrane cooperation net.Results Sixteen literatures were brought in.87.5% of the included literature had no clear description of random methods,and no allocation concealment,use of blind methods,sample size calculation,intention-to-treat analysis.Among them,62.5% had explicit diagnosis criteria,12.5% with correct randomizing method,62.5% with explicit evaluation criteria,however,31.22% with no words referring to the comparability among the groups.Conclusions Though acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in prevention and treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency,it can not provide evidences of higher reliability for clinical treatment due to less clinical randomized controlled tests and lower quality,which severely hinder testing and verifying of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.It is proposed that multiple central and randomized controlled test should be made,so as to search for feasible acupuncture and moxibustion methods with definite therapeutic effect for vertebrobasilar insufficiency,and provide basis for further systematical evaluation.