A yeast strain KM12 , which can convert conjugated anthraquinone of rhub arb to free anthraquinone , was screened. And it is identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus by 26S rDNA. The percentage of free an-thraquinone in total anthraquinone of rhub arb as an indicator was used to investigate the effect of culture medium component and fermentation processing conditions, such as seed age, fermentation time and liquid volume on con-version of conjugated anthraquinone by KM12. The optimal fermentation medium was determined by orthogonal test L9(43) and the composition (%) is yeast extract 1, glucose 2, and rhubarb 2. The 5% (V/V) of the seed culture inoculated 36-48 h was inoculumed to fermentation medium in shake flask to ferment at 30℃, 200 r?min-1 for 4 days. TLC analysis showed most of conjugated anthraquinone decomposed or converted into free anthraquinone in fermented rhub arb . It was concluded that the side effect of severe diarrhea caused by Chinese medicine rhub arb can be alleviated through fermentation processing by KM12 strain .

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of schizandrin B( SchB) on ultraviolet radiation b ( UVB) radiation-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT ) assay was used to examine the effect of SchB on cell viability recovery. Cell apoptosis and necrosis were measured by Ho-chest33342 staining. The p53, p21 and Caspase-3 mRNA expressions were examined by RT-PCR. Results In this study, we found that Sch B attenuated UVB-in-duced toxicity in HaCaT cells. Through Hoechst 33342 stain, we visualized that SchB could inhibit UVB-in-duced HaCaT cell death. The result demonstrated that p53 , p21 and Caspase-3 mRNA levels decreased com-pared with the control group. Conclusions Sch B at-tenuates the UVB-induced toxicity of HaCaT by inhibi-ting apoptotic gene expression. It plays a role in anti-photoaging.

Objective To compared hemostatic effect of agkistrodon haemocoagulase and other hemostatic agents in hepatectomy,and observe clinical safety.Methods From November 2014 to February 2016,122 patients undergoing hepatectomy of the department of hepatobiliary surgery in the hospital,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,were randomly divided into three groups,which was group A-haemocoagulase agkistrodon for injection,group B-ferdelance haemocoagulase for injection and group Cdesmopressin acetate injection.After drug administration,according to the clinical research plan,the indexes for therapeutic effectsbleeding time of wound,bleeding volume of wound,postoperative drainage volume for 24 h,preoperative and postoperative safety indices-Routine blood test,clotting function,liver and kidney function were compared among the three groups.Results The general data of the 3 groups were comparable.The bleeding time of wound,bleeding volume of wound,postoperative drainage volume for 24 h showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).Routine blood test,coagulation function,liver and kidney function,pre-admi nistration and post-administration administration of the group on the third day between and within groups were compared and showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).ECG and lower extremity ultrasound examination showed no abnormality in each group.No adverse events happened in the cases of groups for the clinical study.Conclusion Hemostatic effects of haemocoagulase agkistrodon for injection and other hemostatic drugs were similar in hepatectomy.No sinificant adverse effects on postoperative routine blood,coagulation function,liver and kidney function,with good efficacy and safety,being worthy of using widely worth in hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the incidence of hearing disorder and analyse the high-risk factors with hearing injury in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods The newborns with hyperbilirubinemia who admitted to the department of neonate,were received the distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE)test when they recovered from hyperbilirubinemia;those babies who didn′t pass the first test received screening again in 42 days after birth.Those babies who didn′t pass the second test received auditory brain stem response(ABR)test.Results Fifty-eight(33.2%)newborns didn′t pass the first DPOAE test among 235 newborns with hyperbilirubinemia;11(18.9%)infants didn′t pass the second DPOAE test among 58 infants;5 infants failed to pass the ABR test,the ratio of hea-ring disorder in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia was 2.13%;18(9.9%)newborns didn′t pass the first DPOAE test among 182 normal newborns,and those infants all passed the second DPOAE test.Conclusions Hyperbilirubinemia is high-risk population of hearing disorder.The congenital cytomegalovirus infection,neonatal septicemia and hemolytic disease of newborn are the high risk factors responsible for hearing disorder.All high risk newborns should recieve hearing examination regularly.

For effective inhalable dry-powder drug delivery, tetrandrine-PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite particles have been developed to overcome the disadvantages of nanoparticles and microparticles. The primary nanoparticles were prepared by using premix membrane emulsification method. To prepare second particles, they were spray dried. The final particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dry laser particle size analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared analysis (IR) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The average size of the primary particles was (337.5 ± 6.2) nm, while that second particles was (3.675 ± 0.16) μm which can be decomposed into primary nanoparticles in water. And the second particles were solid sphere-like with the drug dispersed as armorphous form in them. It is a reference for components delivery to lung in a new form.

Objective To explore the changes in cardiac index and oxygenation index in sepsis piglets after nitric oxide (NO) gas inhalation. Methods A piglet model of sepsis was induced by intravenous infusion of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (LPS), then the piglets were randomly divided into two groups. NO group (n=8) was administered with inhaled nitric oxide of 80ppm via volume control (VC) mechanical ventilation for one hour, while the control group (n = 4) received mechanical ventilation with VC and was observed for one hour to assess the stability of the model. The parameters of oxygenation and hemodynamics were measured by PICCO and arterial blood gas analysis every fifteen minutes for one hour. Results Injection of endotoxin induced a stable pig model of sepsis. PH, HCO3-, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index in this model were significantly lower the baseline values (P < 0.01). Arterial oxygen pressure and cardiac index were significantly higher in N0 group than in the control group (P<0.01). Heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI) and intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI) did not significantly differ between NO group and the control group. Conclusions Inhalation of nitric oxide gas can significantly improve oxygenation and cardiac function in piglets with sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To figure out the etiological factors and overall mortality of the patients with acute intestinal obstruction, and to explore the rational period of conservative therapy before operation. METHODS: Medical records of all the patients with acute intestinal obstruction admitted to West China Hospital from 1995 to 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The etiology of the obstruction was categorized, and the correlation of mortality and time interval between conservative therapy and operation was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 705 patients with acute intestinal obstruction included. There were 71.1% of the obstruction lesions located on the small bowel, and 82.6% of the patients experienced simple obstruction. The most frequent cause was adhesions (62.0%), and next was neoplasms (23.7%). There were 57.6% of the patients underwent the surgical treatment. The overall mortality rate was 1.6%, and the mortality rates in conservative therapy and surgical intervention groups were 1.3% and 1.7% respectively. The intestinal necrosis rate was increased gradually with the prolongation of time interval between conservative therapy and operation, and the death might occur 24 hours after strangulation. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological transition to adhesive obstruction still exists in China, and it is similar to that in Western countries. In our experience, near half of the patients with simple obstruction may achieve palliation by conservative therapy. Surgical intervention is indicated for the patients with prolonged and non-palliated simple obstruction, or strangulation disease within the first 24 hours.

Urinary prothrombin fragment 1 (UPTF1) is a potent inhibitor of urinary stone formation. UPTF1 exerts such inhibitory effect by effective γ-carboxylation in which vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), the rate-limiting enzyme, is involved. This study examined the correlation between VKORC1 expression and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. The renal cortex samples were obtained from patients undergoing nephrectomy and then divided into 3 groups: urolithiasis group, control group A [hydronephrosis-without-stone (HWS) group], control group B (normal control group). The localization and expression of VKORC1 in renal tissues were determined by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and SYBR Green I real-time reverse-transcription PCR. The rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were conducted to obtain the 3'- and 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of VKORC1. The results showed that VKORC1 was located in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells. The expression of VKORC1 in the urolithiasis group was significantly lower than that in the other two control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the 3'- and 5'-UTR sequence of the VKORC1 gene was successfully cloned. No insertion or deletion was found in the 3'- and 5'-UTR. However, a 171-bp new base sequence was discovered in the upstream of 5'-UTR end in the urolithiasis group. It was concluded that the decreased expression of VKORC1 may contribute to the development of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in the kidney.

Background Previous experimental and clinical studies have proved that elevated serum uric acid increased risk for developing hypertension.Whereas,there are a paucity of information on the relationship between serum uric acid and prehypertension.Objective The purpose of this research is to evaluate the association between the serum uric acid and prehypertension.Method A cohort of seven thousand eight hundred thirty-nine subjects without hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases were recruited from a cross sectional study in urban and rural place in 9 provinces during 2005-2006.Based on serum uric acid(324 ?mol/L for overall population,366 ?mol/L for male,285 ?mol/L for female),people were categorized into quartiles.The odds ratio for prehypertension was calculat ed with the lowest quartile as the reference.Results The prevalence of prehypertension increased with increasing uric acid in total population(P324 ?mol/L)to lowest quartile 1(

Objective To observe the uhrasenographical characters of liver and spleen of residents and their changes in endearic areas of schistosomiasis japonica in Poyang Lake region.Jiangxi Province and to explore the value of ultrasonography for assessment of the morbidity of the disease.Methods All permanent residents aged above 3 years old were examined by ultrasonography and Kato-Katz method.Results The schistosome positive rates of fecal examinations decreased obviously from 16.29%in 1995 to 8.54%in 2007(P<0.01).However,the rates of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly between 1995 and 2007 were not significantly changed(P>0.05),with the rates of 8.82% and 20.33% in 1995 and 8.54% and 21.34% in 2007,respectively.The abnormal rate of portal vein diameter decreased significantly.from 32.47%in 1995 to 6.50% in 2007.The abnormal rate of liver parenehyma increased remarkably(P<0.01),from 34.85% to 51.83%.The changes of liver parenchyma Grade I showed a bidirectional trend,29.90% of them chased into Grade 0(normal image on ultrasonngraphy),and 34.02% changed into Grade 2 and above.The abnormality of various indices of uhrasonography examinations were related to age,occupation and schistesome infection status.Conclusions Ultrasonography can show the damages of liver and spleen of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum directly.but it is necessary to study further on the sensitive indices that reflecting early pathological changes and the best combination of the indices for the assessment of schistosomiasis-related morbidity.