Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mixed cognitive intervention training using spaced retrieval training, and errorless learning in participants with early onset dementia.This was based on reality orientation therapy for cognitive function, depression, and occupational performance of patients. Methods: Two early onset vascular dementia patients (> 65 years) with mild or moderate impairment were enrolled in a pre-test - post-test single-subject research design study. Prior to the study, the caregivers were interviewed about meaningful times, people, places, and areas of interest for the participant. A list of individual training words were selected based upon this information, and the participant was instructed to recall them after a 45-second, 90-second, 6-minute, and 12-minute delay. Baseline (3 sessions), intervention (20 sessions), and a second baseline period (3 sessions) were conducted. Activities of daily living were measured, and cognition was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer’s Disease Korean version, whilst depression was measured using the Korean Form Geriatric Depression Scale, and task performance and satisfaction measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Results: After intervention, both participants showed improvements in activities of daily living (ADL), word list memory/recognition, trail making A, occupational performance, and satisfaction improvement, which was clinically significant in 1 participant who also had a reduced score in the scale of depression classifying him as not depressed. Conclusion Spaced retrieval training and errorless learning based on reality orientation therapy is an effective intervention in patients with early onset dementia and mild or moderate impairment.

Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma accounting for only 2% of all mature teratomas. To be classified as a struma ovarii, teratoma must be composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue (> 50%). This tumor is generally benign, although malignant transformation has been reported. Struma ovarii occur mostly as unilateral cases, so bilateral cases are quite rare (less than 6% of cases). Struma ovarii occur largely without symptoms or are accompanied by non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, and abdominal distension. The preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult. The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported to be 5-10% of patients with struma ovarii. Thus, cases of functional bilateral struma ovarii are very rare. We report a case of bilateral struma ovarii with subclinical thyrotoxicosis and a diffuse goiter, mimicking a malignant ovarian tumor, and include a brief review of related literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Accounting ; Goiter ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Incidence ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Struma Ovarii ; Teratoma ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obesity is correlated with numerous diseases, including thyroid cancer, but the clinical significance of obesity with regard to the clinical characteristics of thyroid cancer remains unclear. Neck circumference is an index of upper-body adipose tissue distribution. METHODS: In total, 401 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) measuring < or = 2 cm were included. Neck circumference was measured horizontally at the level just below the thyroid cartilage on preoperative neck computed tomographic images. RESULTS: Neck circumference correlated significantly with tumor size in men (p = 0.001) but not in women (p = 0.930). Body mass index (BMI) did not significantly correlate with tumor size in either sex. Neck circumference was significantly larger in men with lateral lymph node (LN) metastasis than in those without (p = 0.004). Neck circumference and BMI did not differ significantly in women according to other factors such as tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroid extension, and LN metastasis. Tumor size and the prevalence of lateral LN metastasis in men tended to increase in the middle/large neck circumference subgroup compared with those in the low neck circumference subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that neck circumference (p = 0.009) was a predictor for the presence of lateral LN metastasis in men. BMI was not a predictive factor for lateral LN involvement in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Neck circumference, an indicator of central or visceral obesity but not BMI, may be associated with some prognostic factors in men with small PTC.
Adiposity ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Body Mass Index ; Carcinoma/*secondary/surgery ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lymph Nodes/*pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck/*pathology ; Obesity/*diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*pathology/secondary/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Our previous study demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and the underlying mechanisms. Here we explored the potency of mulberry twigs (TW) and root barks (RB) in postprandial hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The major components of TW and RB were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and glucose/fructose uptake inhibition in Caco-2 cells were determined for TW, RB, and their major components, followed by an oral sugar tolerance test (OSTT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and then a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dL were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group) for the following treatments by gavage for 4 weeks: vehicle (normal control and diabetic control), 200 mg/kg B.W of TW or RB or 100 mg/kg B.W of oxyresveratrol (OXY). RESULTS: OXY and mulberroside A were identified as the major components of TW and OXY, mongolicin, and kuwanon H for RB. A significant inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase was found for TW, RB, and OXY (p = 0.0099). There was a dose-dependent inhibition of TW and RB on the intestinal sugar uptakes in Caco-2 cells, showing a greater impact on fructose compared to glucose. The OSTT showed that TW and RB significantly delayed time to maximal concentration (p = 0.0088) and decreased maximal concentration (p = 0.0043) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TW and RB may have a postprandial hypoglycemic effect, particularly in the case of high fructose or sucrose intake. OXY was suggested as a contributor to the hypoglycemic effect of TW and RB. Further studies are needed for the systemic effect of TW and RB in circulation.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fasting ; Fructose ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Morus* ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptozocin ; Sucrose

BACKGROUND: We studied about the The different features of high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of active pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) were studied between acid fast bacilli(AFB) smear or culture positive and negative group. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 36 patients who had been confirmed for active pulmonary tuberculosis by the smear or culture of AFB in sputum(n=25), and changes on serial chest radiographs(n=11). The patient were divided into 3 groups by the results on sputum AFB stain and culture. Group 1(n=11) is negative in both AFB stain and culture ; group 2(n=13) is negative in AFB stain but positive in culture ; and group 3(n=12)is positive in both AFB stain and culture. We evaluated the findings of HRCT in each group randomly. RESULT: On the HRCT scans, acinar nodule(100%), macronodule(75%), and cavity(75%) in group 3 were more frequently found than group 1(63%, 18%, 9%) and group 2(46%, 15%, 23%)(p<0.05). The centrilobular nodule and branching structure in group 3(92%) was more frequently observed were more frequently observed in group 3 (92%) than in group 1(54%)(p<0.05), but not different than were similarly observed in group 2(77%)(p>0.05). AFB positive group was statistically different than the negative group in the HRCT findings such as with respect to acinar nodule(100% vs 54%), macronodule(75% vs 17%), and cavity(75% vs 17%)(p<0.05). TB culture positive group was statistically different than the negative group in the HRCT findings such as with respect to acinar nodule(72% vs 45%) and cavity(48% vs 9%)(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HRCT scans are helpful in determining disease acitivity in sputum AFB stain- negative pulmonary tuberculosis. When HRCT shows centrilobular nodule and branching structure, acinar nodule, macronodule, cavity, we are able to decide more study such further studies as sputum induction and bronchoscopy for determination of can be performed to determine the presence of bacilli in patients of AFB stain-negative tuberculosis.
Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

It is very rare for the primary lung cancer to metastasize to gastrointestinal tract, which has poor prognosis. A 72-year-old man admitted with dyspnea and a mass lesion in the left lower lobe on chest roentgenogram and chest computed tomogram(CT). Large cell carcinoma of the lung was diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy. Also gastroduodenoscopy was conducted for evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as indigestion and epigastric discomfort. Large cell carcinoma of duodenum was diagnosed by biopsy of duodenal polyp, which was considered to be metastasized from the primary lung cancer. Palliative radiation therapy was performed, but he died 2 months after diagnosis. We report a rare case of large cell carcinoma of the lung with metastasis to uodenum.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Large Cell* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum* ; Dyspepsia ; Dyspnea ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Microcirculation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polyps ; Prognosis ; Thorax

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as the complete cessation of menses less than 40 years of age. The criteria are more than four months of amenorrhea, with serum follicle stimulating hormone value of >40 mIU/mL and the frequency of POF is about 1% of all women. Although the etiologies of POF remain unknown, suggested factors are genetic, autoimmune, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and environmental toxins. The cytogenetic abnormalities predominantly concern the X chromosome, including Turner syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and deletion, translocation, or duplication of X chromosome. We report a very rare case of premature ovarian failure with the following karyotype: 46,X,dup(Xq), and report it with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Fragile X Syndrome ; Humans ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; Turner Syndrome ; X Chromosome

This study was done to evaluate clinical usefulness of cystatin C levels of serum and urine in predicting renal impairment in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the association between albuminuria and serum/urine cystatin C. Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 332) with normoalbuminuria (n = 210), microalbuminuria (n = 83) and macroalbuminuria (n = 42) were enrolled. Creatinine, urinary albumin levels, serum/urine cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by MDRD [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease] and CKD-EPI [Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration] equations) were determined. The cystatin C levels of serum and urine increased with increasing degree of albuminuria, reaching higher levels in macroalbuminuric patients (P < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, serum cystatin C was affected by C-reactive protein (CRP), sex, albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR. Urine cystatin C was affected by triglyceride, age, eGFR and ACR. In multivariate logistic analysis, cystatin C levels of serum and urine were identified as independent factors associated with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated by MDRD equation in patients with normoalbuminuria. On the other hand, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 estimated by CKD-EPI equation was independently associated with low level of high-density lipoprotein in normoalbuminuric patients. The cystatin C levels of serum and urine could be useful markers for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria.
Aged ; Albuminuria/urine ; *Biological Markers/blood/urine ; Creatinine/blood/urine ; *Cystatin C/blood/urine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/physiopathology/*urine ; Diabetic Nephropathies/*blood/physiopathology/*urine ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies

Although the effects of the rice bran have recently been investigated, there is no information regarding platelet physiology available. However, it is well known that fermented natural plants have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether fermented rice bran extract (FRBE) with several plants (Artemisia princeps, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Cnidium officinale, and Camellia sinensis) affected agonist-induced platelet aggregation, and if so, what the underlying mechanism of its activity was. We performed several experiments, including in vitro platelet aggregation, intracellular calcium concentration and adenosine triphosphate release. In addition, the activation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 was determined using fibrinogen binding. Thrombus formation was also evaluated in vivo using an arterio-venous shunt model. The FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. FRBE significantly and dose dependently attenuated thrombus formation using rat arterio-venous shunt. FRBE suppressed the intracellular calcium mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. We also found that FRBE inhibited extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase 1/2, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results suggested that FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, which was mediated by modulation of downstream signaling molecules. In conclusion, FRBE could be developed as a functional food against aberrant platelet activation-related cardiovascular diseases.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Angelica ; Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Calcium ; Camellia ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cnidium ; Collagen ; Fibrinogen ; Functional Food ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Physiology ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; Protein Kinases ; Rats ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to verify the induction and mechanism of selective apoptosis in G361 melanoma cells using anti-HER2 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP-HER2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following GNP-HER2 treatment of G361 cells, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were measured by WST-1 assay, Hemacolor staining, Hoechst staining, immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blotting.
Actins ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Death ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins ; Cytochromes c ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Fragmentation ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Focal Adhesions ; Melanoma ; Mitochondria ; Nanoparticles ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Up-Regulation