OBJECTIVE: To document the common medical problems and clinical outcomes of near-term infants who were delivered between 35(+0) and 36(+6) weeks of gestation, in order to promote optimal health outcomes for these infants. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of 113 near-term infants and 138 term infants as control, who were born at Chungbuk national university hospital in 2003~2004. RESULTS: When compared with term infants, near-term infants had a significantly lower Apgar scores (7.7 vs. 8.7 at 1 minute) and higher frequency of prolonged rupture of membrane (19.8% vs. 6.7%), preeclampsia (20.9% vs. 4.4%), jaundice (46.0% vs. 11.6%), respiratory distress (20.4% vs. 10.9%), feeding problems (19.5% vs. 5.8%), intravenous fluid infusion (63.7% vs. 24.6%), diagnostic work-up for possible sepsis (68.1% vs. 26.1%), and use of antibiotics (58.4% vs. 22.5%). There were no differences in frequency of cesarean section, hypoglycemia, hypothermia and clinical sepsis. More near-term infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (68% vs. 28%) and delayed in discharge home (60% vs. 27%) with longer hospital stay (7.77+/-5.63 days vs. 4.67+/-3.17 days). CONCLUSION: Near-term infants showed significantly more neonatal problems and longer and repeated hospital stays than full-term infants. Optimal care guidelines for near-term infants including scrupulous monitoring for the development of early complications and meticulous follow-up after discharge need to be developed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypothermia ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Jaundice ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: To evaluate mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) in Cheongju area from 2002 to 2004. METHODS: Two neonatal intensive care units (NICU), 1 university hospital and 1 general hospital in Cheongju participated in this study. We performed a retrospective review of medical records of VLBWIs in 2 NICUs with literature review. Survival rate, neonatal morbidity, cause of death, and risk factors contributing mortality and neurodevelopmental complications were analyzed. RESULTS: The total number of VLBWI was 152 (4.65%) including 43 (1.31%) extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) who were less than 1,000 g of birth weight. The survival rates were 82.9% and 69.8% for VLBWI and ELBWI, respectively. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was 60%, bronchopulmonary dysplasia 20.6%, severe retinopathy of prematurity 24%, and severe intravetricular hemorrhage 7.3%. More than half of death occurred in the first week of life, and the main causes were respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. The major risk factors contributing mortality and neurodevelopmental complications were birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, respiratory distress syndrome, and high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Survival rate (82.9%) of VLBWI in Cheongju area, although lower than those of certain NICUS in Seoul, was comparable to those from nation-wide statistics. The incidence of major morbidity seemed somewhat higher than those of other areas in Korea. A systematic national support would be strongly needed for the balanced development of regional NICUs by means of their facilities, personal resources and financial support, etc.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Cause of Death ; Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Financial Support ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the relationships among parent-child communication, self-esteem and sexual assertiveness for male and female university students. METHODS: This descriptive study used a comparative survey design that utilized self-report questionnaires. A total of 470 participants were male and female university students in B metropolitan city. RESULTS: The degree of open communication use was higher for female students in comparison to male students, There were no differences in dysfunctional communication for both the father-child communication. There were no differences between males and females for the mother-child communication either. The degree of self-esteem was higher for male students in comparison to the female students. The degree of sexual assertiveness was higher for female students in comparison to the male students. The grade, religion, major, allowance source, marital status of parents, and relationship experience with opposite sex were influencing factors for the male students' sexual assertiveness whereas the individual's major and physical contact were influencing factors for the female students. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and mother-child open communication were influencing factors of sexual assertiveness. Thus, the nursing intervention based on the influencing factors is needed in order for male and female students to express sexual assertiveness.
Assertiveness* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Nursing ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to measure health literacy levels and to identify health literacy related factors in vulnerable elders. METHODS: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using convenience samples. Data collection was done by interviewing questionnaire with 200 elders from welfare centers in the cities. Data were analyzed by using percentage, Chi-square and multiple logistic regression with the IBM SPSS Statistics Ver. 24.0. RESULTS: The results of this study are as follows: Vulnerable elders' sources of health information levels were very low, especially internet. In multiple logistic regression analysis, monthly income, sources of health information were significant accounted for OR 2.201, p < .05 , OR 2.989, p < .01 health literacy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that interventions for improving health literacy are necessary to enhance elders' finding of health information. Also, these results could be used in developing health literacy programs by internet.
Aged* ; Data Collection ; Health Literacy* ; Humans ; Internet ; Logistic Models ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: Menstruation is often regarded as a privilege for women allowing reproductive activity. However, abrupt hormonal fluctuations in menstrual cycle may cause distressing physical and psychological symptoms such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS is known to have a great impact on daily life activities and social functions, and might result in significantly decreased quality of life (QOL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate a relation between PMS and QOL in young adult Korean women. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a total of 514 women who were aged 16~35 years and who were employed in an industrial complex located in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. PMS was assessed using diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Psychiatric Association. QOL was assessed using Korean health related Quality of Life Scale. The association between PMS and QOL was examined in 440 women using the two-sample t-test after excluding 74 women who were missing for variables essential for the assessment of PMS and QOL. RESULTS: The prevalence of PMS was 7.3% (32 out of 440 women). Women with PMS had the worse QOL score in almost all domains of QOL except for spiritual health (physical function, psychological health, social function, pain, vitality, role limitation, health status perception, and health status change). CONCLUSION: There was a significant relation between PMS and QOL. The finding of significantly lower QOL in women with PMS suggests that PMS should be evaluated and treated actively in primary care.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Primary Health Care ; Quality of Life ; Women's Health ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the cleansing performance of a distilled water, a diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite as a household bleaching cleanser and three alkaline peroxide cleansers in vivo plaque deposits by using scanning electron microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five individuals were selected from department of the prosthodontics in Pusan National University Hospital, and each of them was inserted with specimens for plaque accumulation in their temporary dentures for 48 hours. The specimens were removed and cleaned by each cleansing agents for 8 hours. Scanning electron micrographs were made from the specimens at a magnification of x2,000. A panel of ten persons with a dental or paradental background, but not directly involved in the study, was selected to analyze the photomicrographs to determine which denture cleanser was more effective in removing plaque. RESULTS: Diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite was the most effective at removing plaque following Polident(R), Cleadent(R)e, Bonyplus(R) and distilled water in order. But there was no significant difference of cleansing efficacy between diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite and Polident(R), Polident(R) and Cleadent(R)e, Cleadent(R)e and Bonyplus(R), respectively (P > .05). Alkaline peroxide cleansers by themselves cannot adequately remove accumulated plaque deposits, especially if the deposits are heavy. Corrosion could be seen on the surface of non-precious alloy specimens immersed in diluted solution of sodium hypochlorite. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to use of alkaline peroxide type cleansers with brushing whenever possible, since denture cleanliness is often poor due to the relative inefficiency of these cleansers.
Alloys ; Corrosion ; Denture Cleansers ; Dentures ; Detergents ; Electrons ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Prosthodontics ; Sodium ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Water

One of the treatment options for edentulous state patients with residual ridge resorption is implant overdenture using milled bar and attachment. It not only provides improved retention and stability but can also reduce the coverage of palatal surface. In addition, when a small number of implants are used, milled bar has the effect of being splinted between implant fixtures, which makes it mechanically advantageous under functions such as mastication. The patient in this case was a maxillary edentulous state patient with a considerable amount of residual alveolar bone resorption after removing the existing failed implants. Three implants were planted on both sides and an implant overdenture was fabricated using milled bar and ADD-TOC attachment.

Excessive crown height space increases can cause crestal bone loss and screw loosening after prosthesis is placed. Milled bar and implant overdenture can be used as a treatment method for partially edentulous patients who have severe alveolar bone loss and excessive crown height space. Milled bar can provide primary splinting effect and stability between implants. Also, milled bar with additional retention device such as Advanced Dental Device-Treatment Of Choice (ADD-TOC) and magnet can provide additional retention force for implant overdenture. In this case, the patient has a partially edentulous mandible that has severe alveolar bone loss and multiple number of teeth loss after excision due to leiomyosarcoma. Because of the long-term loss of mandibular molars, the opposing teeth were extruded. Maxillary left molars were corrected to the occlusal plane through molar intrusion, and mandibular left molar region were treated with implant overdenture, using milled bar with ADD-TOC and magnet after implant placement. The clinical result was satisfactory on the aspect of esthetic and masticatory function.

Many of early findings regarding intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their niche in the human intestine have relied on colorectal cancer cell lines and labor-intensive and time-consuming mouse models. However, these models cannot accurately recapitulate the physiologically relevant aspects of human ISCs. In this study, we demonstrate a reliable and robust culture method for 3D expanding intestinal spheroids (InSexp ) mainly comprising ISCs and progenitors, which can be derived from 3D human intestinal organoids (HIOs). We did functional chararcterization of InSexp derived from 3D HIOs, differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells, and optimization culture methods. Our results indicate that InSexp can be rapidly expanded and easily passaged, and show enhanced growth rates via WNT pathway activation. InSexp are capable of exponential cell expansion and cryopreservation. Furthermore, in vitro-matured HIO-derived InSexp proliferate faster than immature HIO-derived InSexp with preservation of the parental HIO characteristics. These findings may facilitate the development of scalable culture systems for the long-term maintenance of human ISCs and provide an alternative platform for studying ISC biology.

No abstract available.
Eosinophilia ; Graves Disease ; Propylthiouracil