Objective To discuss the clinical curative effect of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair spermatic vein high ligation in the treatment of varicocele.Methods 100 cases with varicocele were selected as the research subjects.All patients with clinical symptoms and color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis of varicocele and were randomly divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.The control group was given the laparoscopic through abdominal cavity retroperitoneal spermatic vein high ligation,and the observation group was given the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair spermatic vein high ligation.Two groups were given the same nursing intervention and support treatment in perioperation.General clinical indicators, treatment effect and postoperative complications of the two groups were compared.Results The surgery time[(17.5 ±2.4)min],length of hospital stay[(48.5 ±0.1)h]of the observation group had no statistically significant differences compared with the control group[(18.2 ±3.1)h,(48.1 ±11.5)h](P>0.05).The intestinal peristalsis time[(5.2 ±1.2)h]and ambulation time[(10.5 ±2.4)h]of the observation group were significantly shorter than (7.5 ±2.0)h,(15.7 ± 3.3)h of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t=1.731,1.925,all P<0.05).Incidence of postoperative complications had no significant difference between the two groups,while improvement rate of semen of the observation group ( 98%) was obviously higher than 84% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =0.587,P<0.05).Conclusion Laparocopic totally extraperitoneal hernia repair spermatic vein high ligation in the treatment of varicocele has exact curative effect,has less effect on abdominal cavity,faster recovery of digestive function and postoperative rehabilitation, ideal semen improvement, which has clinical application and popularization value.

BACKGROUND:BioFlex system as a new pedicle screw fixation of dynamic stabilization device has less been reported concerning its biomechanics.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of BioFlex system fixation at different decompression ranges on disc stress at adjacent segments.
METHODS:Eight samples of fresh calf spines were used. Under physiologic axial loads (500, 900, 2 300 N), electronic universal testing machine was used to simulate the lumbar spine at three physiological states (standing, sitting and bending, standing on a portable 20 kg weight and bending). Progressive decompression modeling for each specimen and dividing into five groups:(1) complete status group;(2) complete status+BioFlex group;(3) partial laminectomy+BioFlex group;(4) 1/2 medial facetectomy+BioFlex group;(5) total facetectomy+BioFlex group. Strain gauges were used to record the stress of disc annulus. Electronic universal testing machine was used to record load-displacement curve and calculate stiffness.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The stress of the adjacent segment of the intervertebral disc increased with the expansion of the range of decompression. Compared with the complete status, stress obviously increased after BioFlex fixation, showing significant differences (P<0.05). The stress was significantly increased in the 1/2 medial facetectomy+BioFlex group compared with the partial laminectomy+BioFlex group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was detected between the partial laminectomy+BioFlex group and complete status+BioFlex group, and between total facetectomy+BioFlex group and 1/2 medial facetectomy+BioFlex group (P>0.05). (2) Axial stiffness reduced with the expansion of the range of decompression. Compared with the complete status, axial stiffness noticeably increased after BioFlex fixation. The difference was not significant among four kinds of reconstruction structures. (3) These findings confirmed that after BioFlex fixation, with the expansion of the range of decompression, the stress of adjacent segments of intervertebral disc gradual y increased, but different ranges of decompression cannot affect the stiffness of reconstruction structure.

Objective To evaluation the comprehensive acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) intervention program conducting in men who have sex with men (MSM) population living in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Methods A comprehensive intervention program was carried out among MSM groups in Hohhot and Baotou City. Seven hundred and six and 767 MSM were enrolled for investigation through the snowball method during May 2008 and May to June 2009, respectively.At the same time, 5 mL intravenous blood sample was collected from each subject for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection and intervention effect evaluation. Data were analyzed by x2test. Results After intervention, the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge increased from 70.7%(499/706) to 81.7%(627/767) (x2 =25. 004, P＜0.01 ). The rate of consistent condom use in the last six months increased from 38.0%(254/668) to 45.3% (346/764) (x2=8. 269, P＜0. 05). The percentage of subjects who had more than 5 different male sexual partner during the last 6 months significantly decreased from 42.8% to 24.6% (x2 = 55. 348, P＜0.01). The median number of sexual partners in MSM decreased from 3 in 2008 to 2 in 2009. The HIV infection rate was 1.7 % in both 2008 and 2009. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention program among MSM population shows positive influence after one year implementation, which is helpful for increasing HIV/AIDS awareness and safe sex behavior in this population.

Objective To observe the expression of aggrecanase 2 and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) in degenerate human lumbar intervertebral discs and their role in degeneration of the nucleus pulposus.Methods Pfirrmann classification was used to class degenerate intervertebral discs observed through MRI.They were divided into three groups:a control group (Pfirrmann grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ),a degeneration group (Pfirrmann grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ),and a severe degeneration group (Pfirrmann grade Ⅴ).A total of 45 cases accepted lumbar spine surgery for removing nucleus pulposus specimens.Each group contained 15 cases.After formalin-fixation and paraffin embedding,immunohistochemistry was used to detect aggrecanase 2 and TIMP-3 expression in the nucleus pulposus cells.Results The percentages of cells positive for aggrecanase 2 were (13.58 ± 7.76) ％,(33.48 ± 13.95) ％ and (56.00 ± 18.39) ％ in the control,degeneration and severe degeneration groups respectively.These differences had statistical significance.The percentages of cells positive for TIMP-3 were (34.78 ± 13.80) ％,(46.77 ± 10.98) ％ and (50.65 ± 16.45) ％,and these differences were again statistically significant.The aggrecanase 2/TIMP-3 ratios were also significantly different.Conclusion As the degree of degeneration of the nucleus pulposus increased,the expression of aggrecanase 2 and TIMP-3 rose,which indicates that both changes were closely connected with the degeneration.Their ratio was correlated with the degree of degeneration of the nucleus pulposus.

Objective To investigate the effects of mesenchymul stem cells(MSCs) transfected with human home oxygenase- 1 gene on the inflammatory cytokines and the ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats.Method MSCs were acquired from the hone marrow of adults rats.They were isolated,purified cultured,and transfected with Adv-HO-1,or Adv-GFP in vitro before transplantation.At 1 hours after left coronary artery ligation,Adv-HO-1-MSCs or Adv-GFP-MSCs marked with DAPI were directly injected into the horder of cardiac infarction in rats.At 4 days after transplantation,western blot analysis was used to measure HO-1 protein expression in the the horder of cardiac infarction.The levels of VEGF,bFGF,HGF protein expression were measured by ELISA,and the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR.The rat heart function was measured by echocardiography.At 4 weeks after transplantation,ventricular remodeling and pathological changes were measured by HE and Masson staining.Results The Adv-HO-1-MSCa treated group showed marked increase of HO-1 rotein (P<0.05),and displayed significant increase of montioned cytokines above,P <0.05,compared with other groups.The Adv-HO-1-MSCs treated group displayed significant reduction of mRNAs expreesion of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and significant increase in IL-10 mRNA expression,with P<0.05,compared with others.Conclusions HO-1-MSCs could secrete multiple cytokines in infarction hearts,and had beneficial effects on inflammatory cytokines,remodeling processes and cardiac function.

Small molecule covalent inhibitors, or called as irreversible inhibitors, are a type of inhibitors that exert their biological functions by irreversibly binding to target through covalent bonds. Compared with non-covalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have obvious advantages in bioactivity. Nevertheless, these agents may also exhibit larger toxicity once off-target effects arise. This "double-edged swords" property often leads drug researchers to avoid attaching them. In recent years, some problems such as drug resistance are difficult to be solved with reversible inhibitors leading researchers to pay more attention on the covalent inhibitors. In this review, we shall make a short summary to the recent research progress of covalent inhibitors and the interaction modes between covalent inhibitors and their target protein residues.
Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the feasibility of differentiating human umbilical cord blood stem cells into hepatocytes. Methods Thirty-six BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group(18 in each of the group), and experimental group was again randomly divided into group A, B and C (six in each of the group). The mice in experimental group and control group were exposed to 350 cGy radiation produced by 60Co. After 3 h, karyocytes at different concentrations in the fresh human umbilical cord blood were injected into the mice in experimental group A, B, C via their tail veins, and the equal volume of normal sodium (NS) was also injected into control group via tail veins. After one month, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was injected into experimental group A, B and control group via abdominal cavity, and the equal volume of normal sodium was injected into experimental group C. After two months, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of human cytokeratin-18 (CK18), cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and albumin (ALB) in liver tissues of all mice. Results The expressions of CK18, CK19 and ALB in injured liver tissues were all positive, and the expressions of experimental group B were higher than those of experimental group A (P

2.83 cm(left-right).The density of lymphocele was homogeneous ,with 0~15 HU(mean value,5.7HU).Adjacent organs were displaced by compression of lymphocele.Conclusion It should be diagnosed as a lymphocele if a pelvic cyst is found in postoperation of pelvic malignant tumor.

Objective To study the CT and MRI findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the head and neck.Methods All 16 cases of ACC were verified by histopathology.Imaging data were analyzed retrospectively.Results The lesion mainly occurred in maxillary sinus in 5 cases,in middle ear and in the floor of mouth in 3 cases respectively,in nasopharynx and parotid in 2 cases respectively,in nasal cavity in 1 case.On CT,the lesion showed ill defined and irregular-shaped soft mass in 6 cases and associated with osteolytic bony destruction in 3 cases.On MR T1WI,the lesion showed isointensity compared to the muscle in 14 cases and slightly hypointensity in 2 cases.On T2WI,the lesion showed isointensity in 6 cases,hyperintensity in 10 cases,heterogeneous intensity in 9 cases.Postcontrast MR imagings demonstrated obvious enhancement in 15 cases,moderate enhancement in 1 case.Lesion with short T2 septum in 7 cases,all of them showed no enhancement.Conclusion CT is the optimal modality in showing osteolytic bony destruction.MRI can demonstrate the invaded extent of the lesions clearly.Combined imaging modalities can provide more comprehensive information in diagnosis and therapy of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Objective To investigate the role of cerebellar dentate-interpositus (D-I) nuclei during acquisition of classical eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs. Methods A 500 ms tone conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with a 100 ms corneal oxygen-puff unconditioned stimulus (US) in a delay paradigm. Guinea pigs were trained daily to acquire the classically conditioned eyeblink responses. Micorinjections of Muscimol into bilateral cerebellar D-I nuclei were performed during the 4-6 day of training session. A high-resolution potentiometer was used to detect the eyeblink responses. Results The conditioned response (CR) rates of Muscimol-injected group on session 4-6 were significantly lower than their rates on session 3 (P1=0.005,P2=0.004,P3=0.010); Their rates on session 7 and 8 were as the same level as those without microinjection on session 4 and 5 (P1=0.061,P2=0.669). However, there was no significant difference on their amplitude and peak latency of unconditioned responses (URs) during the entire course of training (P1=0.926,P2=0.939). Conclusion The cerebellar D-I nucleus is actively involved in the neural circuitry of motor learning, which is essential for both acquisition and performance of the classically conditioned eyeblink responses.