Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy in China.The incidence of it showed an increasing trend with the economic development,living standards improvement and lifestyle changes.The traditional treatment methods include surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.In recent years,hyperthermia has become a method for treating tumor.Hyperthermia kills tumor cells by thermal effect and no-thermal effect.Not only does it have a direct therapeutic effect on tumor cells,hyperthermia also has some synergy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Hyperthermia combined with conventional therapy can improve the local control rate and extend survival for patients.In this paper,the efficacy of hyperthermia has been reviewed,combined with a variety of treatment methods for colorectal cancer in China.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of sacral canal injection on nerve root local inflammatory factors in rat model with lumbar disc herniation, in order to identify its mechanism of treatment.

METHODSForty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(group A), model group (group B), Chinese medicine group(group C) and western medicine group(group D). There were 12 rats in each group. The model of lumbar disc herniation was established using compression and inflammatory stimulation in group B, C, D. All rats were given epidural catheterization and group A and B with physiological saline (1 ml/kg), group C with mixed liquor of 2% lidocaine and compound Danshen injections and physiological saline (2:2: 16) and group D with mixed liquor of 2% lidocaine and triamcinolone acetonide injection and physiological saline (2:2:16), once a week for a total of three treatments. Four rats were killed every 1 week after injection for once, and the inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-l (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by ELISA method.

RESULTSThe levels of TNF-alpha, PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6 in compressed nerve tissues in group B were increased than those of group A (P < 0.01). The levels of PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6 in group C and D were decreased than those of group B, and group D was much less(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in level of TNF-alpha among group B, C, D (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompound compression with inflammatory stimulation can lead to massive release of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-alpha, PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6. Both injection with compound Danshen injections and triamcinolone acetonide injections by sacral canal can reduce the levels of part inflammatory mediators (PGE2, IL-1 and IL-6), and the effect of Glucocorticoid is better than Danshen (P < 0.05).

Animals ; Dinoprostone ; analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Injections ; Interleukin-1 ; analysis ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; immunology ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; administration & dosage ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

AIM: To investigate the pentanucleotide repeat(PNR) polymorphism of apolipoprotein(a) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in Hubei area, and evaluate the association of polymorphism of apo(a) PNR with the level of serum lipid. METHODS: Objects examined were composed of two groups: 88 patients with CHD and 153 healthy controls. Lp(a), TC,TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoAⅠand ApoB of two groups were tested. Meanwhile,the PNR in the 5' control region of the Apo(a) was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high voltage polyacrylamid gels electropherosis. RESULTS: The serum Lp(a), TC, TG and LDL-C levels were remarkably higher in the CHD than that in control( P

BACKGROUND:Colagen hydrogel provides good matrix support for hepatocyte growth and tissue reconstruction, and the colagen-based engineered tissue is easy to merge the growth and form integrated tissue. OBJECTIVE:To improve the thickness of engineered hepatic tissue by dissociating hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite into smal hepatic units that accumulate in the subcutaneous cavity. METHODS:Freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats were mixed with colagen hydrogel to establish hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite. The hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite was dissociated into smal hepatic units after being cured. The undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composite was taken as a control. Six Spraque-Dawley rats were enroled. Three of them were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce liver regeneration. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity of the other three rats. At the 7th day after transplantation, engineered hepatic tissue formation was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and India ink perfusion methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The grafts in these two groups al formed vascular engineered hepatic tissue in the subcutaneous cavity, but after the smal hepatic units merged, a large piece of vascular engineered hepatic tissue formed. The hepatic tissue thickness was up to 4 mm. The whole piece of implanted liver grafts only formed smal pieces of hepatic tissues, with only several layers of cels. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the hepatocytes in vascular engineered hepatic tissue had the characteristics and functions of natural hepatocytes. Partial hepatectomy experiment showed that engineered hepatic tissue had the ability to respond to regenerative stimulus of partial hepatectomy. These results show that dissociating the hepatocytes/colagen hydrogel grafts into smal units that accumlate in the subcutaneous cavity can increase the thickness of the engineered hepatic tissue.

AIM: To study the expression of hepatitis B virus core gene in Pichia pastoris and to obtain high-level expressed recombinant HBcAg with good immunoreactivity and high specificity. METHODS: HBV core gene was amplified by PCR from plasmid pHBV1 which contained HBV whole DNA sequence. The PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector by TA cloning strategy. After confirmed by DNA sequence analysis, the gene of interest was inserted into the yeast expression vector pPIC9. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9-cAg was constructed and transformed into GS115 by electroporation. The recombinant yeast GS115 was induced by 0.5% methanol. The expressed product was analysed by SDS-PAGE,Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS: The restriction analysis and DNA sequence analysis proved that HBV core gene had already been cloned to yeast expression plasmid pPIC9. The expressed HBcAg existed in SDS-PAGE. Good immunoreactivity and high specificity of the recombinant HBcAg have been proved by ELISA and Western blot. The titre of the recombinant HBcAg in the cell lysate was 1∶ 12 800 . CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid pPIC9-cAg was successfully constructed. The recombinant HBcAg with good immunoreactivity and high specificity was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris expression system and can be applied to further developing HBcAb immunoassay. [

AIM:To assess whether the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, occludin/zonula occludins (ZO)-1, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) link to brain edema in tree shrews during thrombotic cerebral ischemia and ischemic postconditioning (PC), and to explore how TJ affects brain edema and cerebral infarction .METHODS:Tree shrews were randomly grouped into control , ischemia and cerebral ischemia +PC (n=23), and the remaining 3 ani-mals were used for magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) .The local cerebral thrombosis were induced by photochemical reac-tion in the tree shrews , and ischemic PC was established at 4 h after induction of cerebral ischemia followed by clipped ipsi-lateral common carotid artery (5 min ×3).The changes of the neural ultrastructure were observed under electron micro-scope.The neuronal apoptosis was analyzed by the method of TUNEL .Laser Doppler brain flowmetry was used to monitor the rCBF.The protein levels of occludin/ZO-1 were determined by immunochemistry and Western blot .The cerebral in-farction volume was detected by MRI .The brain water content was measured by dry-wet weight method .RESULTS: In-duction of cerebral ischemia led to a significant reduction of the normal neuron numbers in the hippocampal CA 1 area, and conversely, the number of neurons with abnormal ultrastructure was increased .The TUNEL positive cells were increased significantly (P<0.01) in ischemia group.Moreover, the rCBF decreased significantly (P<0.01), and occludin/ZO-1 protein expression decreased ( P<0.01 ) .The brain water content and cerebral infarction volume were significantly in-creased (P<0.01).Ischemic PC increased the rCBF and the occludin/ZO-1 expression, but reduced the brain water con-tent, the TUNEL positive cells, and the infarction volume (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Ischemic PC increases the rCBF but not the local water content , suggesting that reduced cerebral infarction volume after ischemia PC is associated with the attenuation of cerebral edema by the enhancement of occludin /ZO-1 protein expression .

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of complicated multifetal gestations.Methods There were 6 multifetal pregnant women (gestational age ranged from 14+6 to 27 +2 weeks) diagnosed in the Department of Obstetrics,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University:two with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) stage Ⅳ,one with reversed arterial perfusion sequence,one with dichorionic triamniotic triplets,one with absence of a lower limb,one with severe intrauterine growth restriction.All of them accepted ultrasound-guided selective fetocide by RFA.Results (1) Blood flow of three reduced fetuses stopped completely after one RFA circulation,whereas the other three stopped after two circulations.One reduced fetus stopped heartbeating in 10 minutes after RFA; three reduced fetuses' heartbeats slowed down and stopped completely in 35 minutes after RFA ; and the heartbeats of the other two cases stopped completely within 3 to 7 minutes after RFA.The heartbeats of the reserved fetuses were normal.All of the operations succeeded.(2) The reserved fetuses received a series of ultrasound examinations after the operations.In Case 1,the ascites of the reserved fetus,which was 4.0 cm× 2.3 cm before RFA,disappeared two weeks later; and the umbilical artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio,which was 3.35 before the operation,decreased to 2.70 six weeks later.Amniotic fluid depth decreased from 44.6 cm to normal two weeks after RFA.The reserved fetus received brain MRI three weeks after RFA and no abnormality was detected.In Case 2,the increased heart size (cardiothoracic ratio ＞ 0.35) of the reserved fetus recovered to normal size ten days after the operation ; and the umbilical artery S/D decreased from 4.69 to 3.39 seven days after the operation.Reserved fetuses of the other three cases were normal on ultrasound and MRI after the operations.In Case 6,the ascites of the reserved fetus,which was 2.3 cm × 1.5 cm before RFA,disappeared sixteen days after the operation.The brain MRI suggested normal three weeks after the procedure.Amniotic fluid depth reduced from 11.0 cm to normal two weeks after the operation.(3) Three women delivered normal premature babies,and the other three got healthy mature infants.At present,all children are still in follow-up,and their physical examinations suggest normal.Conclusions RFA is a safe,efficient,minimal invasive treatment,which provides a new choice for fetocide,especially for complicated monochorionic multifetal gestations.Fetocide by RFA can effectively improve the life quality of the reserved fetuses.

Objective To evaluate the dose distributions with different dose rates, and approach a reference to the dose rate for radiation. Methods Three classic static intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans of prostate cancer, lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were chosen for the study. For each plan, the dose verification of three different dose rates (100, 300 and 600 MU/min) was performed with the Varian 600CD linear accelarator by using the 2-DICA of I'mRT Matrixx. With the Pinncale planning system, each segment was used as a beam to form another IMRT plan. The OmniPro-I'mRT V1.6 was applied to compare the segments in the two IMRT plans, and then the actual weights were obtained. The simulated plans at different dose rate were designed when setting the weights back into the planning system. Results With the increase of dose rate, the passing ratio of the verification decreased and the D_(max), D_(min), D_(mean) and D_(95) of the planning tumor volume increased. The high dose area expanded significantly in target regions, and the 95% isodose line extended. At the dose rate of 600 MU/min, The D_(95) of GTV_(nd) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma increased by 5.33% than the original plan with the V_(110) up to 19. 38%. The irradiation dose of the organs at risk (OARs) increased. For the case of lymphoma, the V_(20) of the lungs in the original plan and the three simulated plans were 31.77%, 32. 11%, 32.60% and 33.26%, respectively. For the case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the V_(30) of the right parotid were 48.75%, 49. 56%, 51.65% and 53.91%, respectively. Conclusions With the increase of dose rate in static IMRT , the actual dose distribution deviates the original plan , and the high dose area and the OARs dose increases. The higher dose rate is suboptimal when the dose of the OARs is proximate to the tolerance limit.

Objective This study describes the protective effect of myocardial isehemic post- conditioning on ischemic-reperfused myocardium (I/ R) of diabetic rat and its Signaling mechanism. Methods Healthy SD rats weighing 25O-30Og were divided into 6 groups; (1) Blank control; (2) Ischemia-reperfusion; (3) Post conditioning; (4) Diabetic postconditioning ; (5) Diabetic ischemia-reperfusion; ( 6) Diabetic blank control group. Ten rats in each group were randomly selected. Introduction of diabetic rat model: 65 mg/kg STZ was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity, until 2 consecutive blood glucose measurements≥ 16.65 mmol/L were reached after48h. The diabetic model was successful when rats had following symptoms, such as more drinking, more eating, polyuria, weight loss and epilation. Langendorff isolated rat heart perfusion was used for the experiment. Following parameters were measured and compared: Coronary perfusion flow, myocardial infarct size, western blot for measurement of P-Akt, changes in myocardium and mitochondrian observed by Electron microscopy. Results Blood glucose concentration in diabetic group was (23. 15±2. 16) mmol/L and (4. 16±0. 31) mmol/L in non-diabetic group. There was a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the two groups. There were more coronary flow in post-conditioning groups (Post group and Dpost group) than ischemia-reperfusion groups (IR group and DIR group) (6.5±1.2、5.6±1.0 vs. 3.4±1.0、2.0±1.3). The myocardial infarction size was smaller in post-conditioning groups than in ischemia-reperfusion groups (25.2±2.1、34.2±3.6 vs. 47.5±3.5 、65.2±4.5). There was more expression of P-Akt and the myocardial fibers and mitochondrian in post-conditioning groups were better preserved. Conclusion Postconditioning has protective effects in diabetic rat hearts. The mechanism may be associated with Akt activation.

Opioid receptors have drawn highly attention to scientists since they were founded in the 1990s.As a member of G protein-coupled receptor family,opioid peptides are the endogenous ligands.It is well known to us that the basic structure consists of extracellular amino residues,seven transmembrane region and the hydroxyl residues of the cell.In recent years,the progress of science laid the foundation for further studies on the function of delta receptor.Aberrant expression of delta opioid receptor in a variety of tumors,and it plays an important role of the occurrence and development of tumors.This review describes the recent research advances on delta opioid receptor and its association with hepatocellular carcinoma.