No abstract available.
External Fixators* ; Fractures, Open* ; Tibia*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Humerus* ; Neck* ; Shoulder Dislocation* ; Shoulder* ; Tears*

No abstract available.
Foot*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Humerus*

No abstract available.

Transient mutism resolving to cerebellar speech after posterior fossa surgery is a well recognized phenomenon, particularly in pediatric patients. The anatomic basis for this postoperative functional change is unclear, but may reside in the dominant superior cerebellar hemisphere or the medial deep cerebellar nuclei. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented for surgical resection of a medulloblastoma. Preoperatively, his complaint consisted of headache, nausea, vomiting and cerebellar ataxia. He had normal speech. At one day after operation, suddenly he was unable to speech, however, communication through a variety of verbal cues, including sign language was possible. His mutism lasted 12 days and cerebellar dysarthria was slowly resolved.
Cerebellar Ataxia ; Cerebellar Nuclei ; Child* ; Cues ; Dysarthria ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Medulloblastoma* ; Mutism* ; Nausea ; Sign Language ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Dyslipidemias* ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors*

OBJECTIVE: Hyperprolactinemia and associated side effect, amenorrhea, often occur with risperidone treatment. We investigated the effect of adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole on risperidone induced amenorrhea in female patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 24 female patients with adjunctive aripiprazole treatment for risperidone induced amenorrhea between August 2008 and July 2009 was conducted. The information collected included age, menstrual cycle, duration of no menstruation, prolactin level (before aripiprazole treatment and after regaining menstruation), dose of risperidone and aripiprzole, time from starting aripiprazole adjunctive treatment to regaing menstruation. The Student's t-test, Pearson's Chi-square test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Mean percent decrease in prolactin level for all aripiprazole-treated patients was 71.4+/-8.6%. 85.7% (18/21) of patients resumed menstruation, while 14.3% (3/21) did not regain. In patients with regaining menstruation, mean time from starting aripiprazole to restarting menstruation was 6.6+/-2.4 weeks, mean dose of aripiprazole was 12.2+/-3.9 mg/day (dose range, 5 mg to 20 mg/day). Aripiprazole dose for regaining menstruation was not significantly correlated with baseline prolactin level. CGI score was not significantly changed after aripiprazole treatment. The cutoff point of prolactin level significantly increasing amenorrhea was 40 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: Adjunctive aripiprazole treatment is very effective to treat risperidone induced amenorrhea in female patients with schizophrenia.
Amenorrhea ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Piperazines ; Prolactin ; Quinolones ; Retrospective Studies ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: There has been evidences of ethnic differences in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of statin. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of moderate-intensity statins in the treatment of dyslipidemia among Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort that consisted of Korean patients with T2DM aged 40 to 75 years who had been prescribed any of the moderate-intensity statins (atorvastatin 10 or 20 mg, rosuvastatin 5 or 10 mg, pitavastatin 2 mg, or pravastatin 40 mg). Among them, only patients with baseline lipid profiles before starting statin treatment were selected, and changes in their lipid profiles before and 6 months after statin therapy were analyzed. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months of therapy, the overall LDL-C reduction was −47.4% (interquartile range, −56.6% to −34.1%). In total, 92.1% of the participants achieved an LDL-C level of <100 mg/dL, 38.3% had a 30% to 50% reduction in their LDL-C levels, and 42.3% had a reduction in their LDL-C levels greater than 50%. The response rates of each drug for achieving a LDL-C level <100 mg/dL were 81.7%, 93.1%, 95.0%, 95.0%, 96.5%, and 91.7% for treatment with atorvastatin doses of 10 or 20 mg, rosuvastatin 5 or 10 mg, pitavastatin 2 mg, and pravastatin 40 mg, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the use of moderate-intensity statins reduced LDL-C levels less than 100 mg/dL in most of the Korean patients studied with T2DM. The efficacies of those statins were higher than expected in about 42% of Korean patients with T2DM.
Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Dyslipidemias* ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Pravastatin ; Retrospective Studies ; Rosuvastatin Calcium

To determine chronic alcoholism (or alcohol abuse) in postmortem cases, investigating the evidence in incident (or medical) reports is important, but it may not be certain. The indicator of alcohol abuse over long time periods was analyzed from hair as ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was analyzed from blood as a representative indicator of ketosis. Moreover, the blood was analyzed for ethanol (ethyl alcohol, EtOH) and EtG before death to determine drinking. Case 1 had chronic alcoholism and a history of diabetic disease. EtG concentration was 1,244 pg/mg in hair, and BHB in the blood was 276 mg/L. EtOH was less than 0.010% in the blood, however EtG was 0.38 mg/ L as drinking positive. Case 2 had a habit of drinking well, with EtG in hair of 54 pg/mg, BHB in the blood of 371 mg/L, EtOH of < 0.010%, and EtG of 0.81 mg/L.Although the EtOH was not detected in the blood, it was evaluated that alcohol was consumed before death, due to the EtG detected. In conclusion, forensic information from simultaneous analysis of EtG and BHB in biological samples (hair or blood) could be more cause of death effective assistant in chronic alcoholism (or alcohol abuse).