Muscle spasticity is one of the common complications in the paraplegic patients who suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI). Spasticity can result in limbs pain, joint contracture and malformation, then affects walking and the capability of keeping the posture in wheelchairs. Moreover, spasticity can increase the incidence rate of heterotopic ossification and fracture and seriously affects patients' daily life and rehabilitation therapy accordingly. There are many kinds of treatments aimed at spasticity at present, such as drug, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, nerve block treatment, operation treatment, and so on. However, single treatment doesn't achieve good effect. So it is common that many kinds of treatments are combined to treat spasticity. This article simply introduces the mechanism, symptom and evaluation of the muscle spasticity after SCI and discusses in full the treatment of the muscle spasticity by reviewing recent literatures.

Objective To construct prokaryotic expression vector carrying Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS1 gene, and to express the vector in E. coli, so to lay a foundation for the further development of JEV early diagnosis kit. Methods The NS1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, the target gene and prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a(+) were digested by BamH I and Hind Ⅲ respectively. The target gene was then purified by DNA extraction kit. A 1∶3 molar ratio of vector: insert DNA ligated with T4 DNA ligase to construct the recombinant plasmid pET28a(+)-NS1. The ligated products were transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and the colonies were selected on LB medium with karamycin. After cultivation, positive colonies were picked out and the recombinant plasmid were identified by endonuclease digestions, PCR rand sequencing. The target protein was expressed with induction of IPTG. The expressed proteins mentioned above were then identified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting respectively. Results The sequencing results of amplified products showed that JEV-NS1 RNA fragments were about 1 300bp in length which were similar as respected. Compared with the published sequence of SA14-14-2 with Blast, the homology of the nucleotide sequence was 100%. The molecular weight of expressed protein was about 45kD, the result of Western blotting proved the specific antigenicity of the protein. Conclusion The specific JEV nonstructural protein 1 is expressed in E. coli successfully and shows high specificity to the antibody. The stable expression of the protein and the analysis of its antigenic specificity provide foundation to develop the early stage diagnosis kit.

Objective To evaluate the quality of clinical trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in China.Methods Literature of clinical trials of acupuncture was collected and analyzed,evaluated by the randomized controlled test criteria and the clinical assessing method in Cochrane handbook of international Cochrane cooperation net.Results Sixteen literatures were brought in.87.5% of the included literature had no clear description of random methods,and no allocation concealment,use of blind methods,sample size calculation,intention-to-treat analysis.Among them,62.5% had explicit diagnosis criteria,12.5% with correct randomizing method,62.5% with explicit evaluation criteria,however,31.22% with no words referring to the comparability among the groups.Conclusions Though acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in prevention and treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency,it can not provide evidences of higher reliability for clinical treatment due to less clinical randomized controlled tests and lower quality,which severely hinder testing and verifying of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.It is proposed that multiple central and randomized controlled test should be made,so as to search for feasible acupuncture and moxibustion methods with definite therapeutic effect for vertebrobasilar insufficiency,and provide basis for further systematical evaluation.

The modernization strategy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been implemented for 20 years, which has provided a strong impetus to the development of TCM and gained remarkable achievements in scientific research platform, research result, industry scale, clinical evaluation, internationalization and professionals training as well. The achievements of TCM modernization greatly improved the clinical service ability and level of TCM, broadened the scope of service, become the important foundation of the big health industry. TCM has played an irreplaceable role in the health care reform, benefiting people's livelihood, promoting industrial structure adjustment and cultivating strategic emerging industries. This article summarized the main achievements of the modernization of TCM and prospected the direction and tasks in the next 20 years in order to further promote the modernization process of TCM.
Biomedical Research ; history ; standards ; trends ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; standards ; trends ; Social Change ; history

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of extracts from Euodia rutaecarpa on hepatotoxicity in mice.

METHODTotally 30 KM mice were divided into 3 groups and orally administrated extracts from E. rutaecarpa for consecutively 15 days. The expressions of Erkl/2, CDK8, CK1e, Stat3 and Src were detected by Western blotting method.

RESULTThe extracts from E. rutaecarpa could up-regulated Erkl/2, CDK8 and CK1e expressions (P <0.01) and down-regulate Stat3 and Src (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe molecular mechanism of E. rutaecarpa on hepatotoxicity may be correlated with Erkl/2, CDK8, CKle, Stat3 and Src signal molecules.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Down-Regulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Evodia ; chemistry ; Female ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Up-Regulation

Objective To evaluate hepatectomy for liver metastasis in patients of gastric carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 32 gastric cancer cases undergoing hepatectomy for hepatic metastatic tumor were reviewed retrospectively from 2006 to 2012.16 cases underwent radical gastrectomy and synchronous hepatectomy for liver metastasis,the remaining 16 cases underwent radical resection of gastric cancer and liver resection heterochronously.The relationship between prognosis and clinicopathology was analyzed.Results The overall survival rates were 84％,50％ and 37％ in 1 year,3 years and 5 years.The median survival time was 32 months.Gastric cancer invasion depth,intravascular tumor thrombi,lymphatic metastasis and intraoperative blood transfusion was related to poor prognosis by single factor analysis,while gastric serosal invasion,tumor thrombus and liver metastasis tumor ＞ 5 cm related to poor prognosis by multiple factors analysis.Conclusions Gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis who underwent hepatic resection can achieve good prognosis if hepatic metastatic tumor ＜ 5cm or the primary gastric cancer does not invade the serosa and without tumor thrombus.

During the orthopedic clinical teaching for interns,such methods as raising high-toned professional ethics,strengthening basic skills of orthopedics developing all-round scientific clinical thought to guide interns to correctly treat employment and taking the entrance exams for postgraduate schools,so as to improve the orthopedic teaching quality and attain the target of orthopedic clinical teaching.

Nowadays, LAN can't meet the requirements of field communication, and WLAN is playing more and more important role for its strong transmission ability and high mobility. This paper introduces the application of WLAN to filed medicine.

Objective:To explore the application of self-teaching model based on PBL teaching combined with flipped classroom in standardized residency training of orthopedics.Methods:There were 102 cases of residents who received standardized residency training from March 2017 to February 2018 in orthopedics department of Yueyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, among whom 55 were randomized into the observation group and 47 were divided into the control group. Traditional teaching was applied in the control group and self-teaching model was applied additionally in the observation group. At the end of the month, the teaching effect was evaluated by the department graduation examinations and questionnaire survey. SPSS 19.0 was used for t test. Results:The ability of history inquiry, diagnosis and physical examination of the residents in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The self-study and data access ability, confidence in presenting, and satisfaction with teaching in the observation group were better than those in the control group.Conclusion:The self-teaching mode can arouse the learning initiative of residents, and increase residents' literature retrieval ability and their learning satisfaction.

AlM:To evaluate the efficacy of retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) combined with 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation for the treatment of cystoid macular edema.
METHODS: Fifty-eight cases ( 66 eyes ) with cystoid macular edema caused by different diseases were recruited in this study. The included patients were treated with both retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide and 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation. The best corrected visual acuity, macular thickness, fundus and intraocular pressure were observed in the 1wk, 1 and 3mo after the treatment in all of the included cases.
RESULTS: After treatment, all of the 66 eyes showed cystoid macular edema partially or completely subsided according to optical coherence tomography and fluorescence fundus angiography; 54 eyes ( 82%) visual acuity improved, 12 vision remained the same.
CONCLUSlON: Retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide combined with 577nm laser macular grid photocoagulation has good curative effect, simple operation procedure and rare complications in the management of cystoid macular edema.