BackgroundThe progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the primary pathological characteristics of visual defects in glaucomatous eye.Research showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in this progression.Glucose-regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) is a special marker of ERS.To understand the change in expression of GRP78 in the retina under the pressure induced is very important for the protection of visual function.Objective The present study was to observe the expression of GRP78 in rat retina with acute high intraocular pressure (IOP) and investigate the possible effect of ERS in acute glaucoma damage. MethodsFiftysix Wistar rats were randomly assigned to normal control group,anterior chamber punctured group and 12 hours,1 day,3,7,14 days groups following acute IOP rising.The acute high IOP models were established in the right eyes of 4.0 Wistar rats by paracentesis of the anterior chamber and infusion of normal saline solution into the anterior chamber.The histopathology changes of the retina were examined by hemotoxylin and eosin staining.The expression of GRP78 protein and mRNA in the retina were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.ResultsThe retinal layers and cells were clear with normal alignement in the rats of the normal control group and the anterior chamber punctured group.The edema and thickening of retinas appeared in 12 hours after molding and peaked in 1 day after molding.Then the retina decreased in thickness and atrophied from 3 days through 14 days.The expression levels of GRP78 protein (A value) were 0.195±0.006 in the nounal rats and gradually increased from 12 hours through 3 days (0.268±0.017) following molding with the peak value at 1 day (0.499±0.039 ),showing significant differences in comparison with the normal control group (t =0.098,0.304,0.073,P＜0.05),and the reduction in expression at 7 and 14 days were not significantly different from the normal control group ( t =0.002,0.001,P＞0.05 ).The relative value of GRP78 mRNA ( 2△△C1 ) in the retina was 1.011 ±0.013 in the normal control group and gradually up-regulated from 12 hours through 3 days with the peak value at Iday (2.141±0.171 ) and then down-regulated from the third day onwards.A significant difference was seen in 2-△△C1value between the normal control group and 12 hours group,1 day group or 3 group ( t =0.525,1.130,0.409,P＜0.05 ).However,the 2-△△C1 values of GRP78 mRNA at 7 and 14 days was similar to that of the normal control group (t=0.020,0.004,P＞0.05).ConclusionsGRP78 participates in the process of RGCs damage following acute high IOP.The results suggest that interfering with ERS may be helpful for protecting the retina and optical nerve from pressure-induced damage.

Objective: To study the proliferaton of two common histological variants of ameloblastoma. Methods: Thirty cases of ameloblastomas (15 cases of follicular and 15 cases of plexiform type) were analyzed immunohistochemically using Ki 67 antibody. The Ki 67 positive cells was counted and calculated by image analysis system. Results: The Ki 67 positive cells (%) in follicular ameloblastoma was more than those in the plexiform type (4.31?2.25 vs 3.76?1.96, P

Objective To discuss the application value of the treatment protocol of combining warm needling and atorvastatin in treating female cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Method Eighty female CSX patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table, 40 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by atorvastatin in addition to the conventional treatment protocol, while the observation group was by warm needling plus atorvastatin in addition to the conventional treatment. The treatment efficacies and adverse events rates were compared between the two groups. Result There were no significant between-group differences in comparing the component and total scores of the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ), NO, plasma endothelin (ET-1) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels before the intervention (P>0.05);after 8-week treatment, the component and total scores of CAQ, ET-1, and hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, and NO level was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, at the end of the 8-week treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference in comparing the adverse events rate between the two groups during the 8-week treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of female CSX, warm needling plus atorvastatin can enhance the treatment efficacy.

The national examination of doctors' qualification is the examination which assesses the medical students' knowledge and skills for doctors' work. This paper introduced autorities concerned, implementing agencies, examination forms and procedures, examination contents and keypoints, pass-ing criteria and matters needing attention of national examination of doctors's qualification be tween Canada and Australia expecting to provide references for the revolution of Chinese Examination of Doctors' Qualification.

AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrsis factor-alpha (TNF-?) in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and the relationship between the pathological score and the expression of VEGF and TNF-? protein. METHODS: AA was produced in Wistar rats by inoculating complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The arthral pathological score was calculated, production of VEGF and TNF-? protein were assayed by histoimmunochemical staining at different stage after CFA inoculation. RESULTS: In AA group, the pathological score and expression of VEGF protein in synovium increased significantly (P

ObjectiveTo study the quality of life of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD)and analyze the influencing factors.Methods287 patients with HLD and 51 health people were investigated by World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument brief version (WHOQOL-BREF),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) and variance analysis,t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were analyzed the influencing factors.Results①Scores of WHOQOL-BREF:physical domain(54.64 ± 17.11 ),psychological domain ( 52.09 ± 15.83 ) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (67.30 ± 12.66,58.90 ± 12.75 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; social domain ( 51.35± 17.18),the domain of environment(53.54 ± 16.67) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (57.53 ± 14.99,58.42 ± 10.55 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).②The quality of life of the patients with HLD was influenced by LSIA,total score of SCL-90,the attitude toward the doctors,economic status,the attitude toward the disease,residence with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.0l ).ConclusionThe quality of life in patients with HLD is lower than that in health people and much factors influence it,so it is necessary to take multi-facet interventions to improve their quality of life.

Child ; Female ; Heart Block ; etiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; therapy ; Humans

Arteriovenous Fistula ; complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Superior ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology

Objective To optimize prescription for double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository. Methods Amounts of PEG400, PEG4000, HPMC were selected as influence factors for L9(34) orthogonal experiment. A comprehensive assessment was conducted by setting the cumulative release degree at three different time points as index, and the inner and outer layers of double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository were optimized. Results The best prescription was the inner HPMC∶PEG4000∶PEG400=1.5∶10∶4;outer HPMC∶PEG4000∶PEG400=0.5∶10∶4. Conclusion Prescription for double-layered Erhuang sustained-release suppository has good forming property and a good sustained-release effect according to the optimized prescription, which has certain reference value for researches and development of TCM suppository.