The high and continuing soaring incidence of diabetes may become a huge obstacle to China's development. The antidiabetic drug development is one way to solve the problem. Animal model is a powerful tool for drug development. This paper compares and analyzes the three kinds of animal models for antidiabetic drug development in replicating principle, methods and characteristic, then summarized the application in the research of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the analysis of the market, application and clinical advantages of hypoglycemic medicine from traditional Chinese medicine, is given in this paper, based on the literature analysis. From the point of the clinic advantage embodiment and new drug development, this paper will provide advisory and assistance support for the anti-diabetic fighting with traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To elucidate the immunologic mechanism and clinical effect of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with dendritic cell and cytokine induced killer cell (DC-CIK) immunotherapy on patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods Seventy-two pancreatic cancer patients were divided randomly into 2 equal groups,one treated with HIFU only the other treated with HIFU and DC-CIK immunotherapy.Ultrasound imaging and a variety of immunological indexes were recorded before and after treatment and the clinical effects in the two groups were compared.Moreover,autogenous tumor cells were isolated from the combination therapy group and the killing activity of DC-CIK which loaded tumor antigen processed by HIFU on autogenous tumor cells was observed.Results Tumor antigen processed by HIFU can improve the killing activity of DC-CIK on autogenous tumor cells.After treatment,the immunological indexes,of all patients were better than before treatment.(58.26 ± 17.97 versus 52.15 ± 14.22 pg/ml with IL-12 22.14 ± 6.39 versus 17.36 ± 5.73 ng/ml with HSP70 and 0.94 ± O.34 versus 1.32 ± O.61 ng/ml with TGF-β,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; The combination group was significantly better than the HIFU group with regard to the average scores of quality of life (75.89 ± 19.65 versus 67.22 ± 16.34,P＜0.05),pain (3.15 ±0.82 versus 3.59 ± 1.04,P ＜0.05),tumor markers (107.55 ±27.58 versus 123.63 ±34.12 U/ml) and survival time (18.92±6.47 versus 13.36 ±5.78 mos).Conclusion HIFU can improve the immunologic status and anti-tumor response in patients with pancreatic cancer.HIFU combined with DC-CIK has good synergistic therapeutic effect for treating pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on the target population of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture.Methods During 2006-2010,IDD health education was carried out in the target population of Linxia Hui autonomous prefecture,and IDD knowledge of 5th grade pupil and 20-50 years old child-bearing women were surveyed by stratified sampling and questionnaire survey methods to evaluate the effect of health education.Results After health education,IDD knowledge passing rate rose from 55.6％ (548/986) and 18.0％(118/657) to 90.0％(1103/1225) and 86.2％(687/797) among pupils and women,respectively.The awareness rates of iodine deficiency in causing goiter,mental retardation and birth born silly children,and the key role of iodized salt in controling IDD were increased from 79.2％ (781/986),76.5％ (754/986),51.7％ (510/986) and 82.3％ (811/986) to 88.8％ (1088/1225),85.6％ (1049/1225),68.7％ (842/1225) and 90.0％ (1103/1225) among pupils,and from 48.6％ (319/657),28.3％ (186/657),15.4％ (101/657) and 39.6％ (260/657) to 86.2％ (687/797),70.0％ (558/797),46.3％ (369/797) and 87.3％ (696/797) among women,and all the difference were significant,respectively.Belief rate held by students that health education can prevent iodine deficiency disorders was 87.3％ (1069/1225),and 52.9％ (648/1225) of the students told their parents about IDD.The rate of consciously purchase of qualified iodized salt was 87.1％ (694/797) after health education among women of childbearing age,and the consumption rate of iodized salt was 64.6％(515/797).More than 90％ of the people in relevant departments knew iodine deficiency disorders related knowledge,in particular,had a clear understanding of intellectual hazards caused by iodine deficiency,and actively supported and participated in health education in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Conclusions Comprehensive health education measures taken through schools and religious organizations has promoted a shift in the behavior,beliefs and attitudes of its consciously purchase and consumption of iodized salt,and integrated knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP).It is a good model of health education through religious organizations in ethnic minority areas.It has promoted the health education feasibility and accessibility,and the effect is more durable.

ObjectiveTo study the protective effects of tert-butylhydroquinone(tBHQ) on sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Methods Chang liver cells were pretreated with tBHQ[0(control), 5, 25 μmol/L]for 24 h, and then co-treated with tBHQ(5 μmol/L) together with NaAsO2[0(control),30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L] for another 24 h, and Alamar blue reduction rates were used to evaluate cell viability,the results were expressed as the relative ratio of Alamar blue reduction rates between the experimental group and the control group. On the other hand, Chang liver cells were pretreated with tBHQ[0(control), 5, 25 μmol/L] for24 h,and then co-treated with tBHQ(5 μmol/L) together with NaAsO2[0(control), 40, 50 μmol/L] for another 24 h,and the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by staining cells with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA), the results were expressed as the relative ratio of mean fluorescence intensity between the experimental group and the control group. ResultsCell viability decreased dramatically by treatment with NaAsO2(30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L), while relieved to some extent by pretreatment with 5, 25 μmol/L tBHQ, the main effects of NaAsO2 and tBHQ, as well as their interaction were all statistically significant(F =566.57, 55.09, 14.50,all P ＜ 0.05) ; the cell viability of NaAsO2(30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L) pretreated with tBHQ(5, 25 mol/L) were 0.75 ±0.02, 0.70 ± 0.04, 0.59 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.03 and 0.75 ± 0.02, 0.73 ± 0.03, 0.65 ± 0.02, 0.50 ± 0.02, respectively,all significantly higher than corresponding NaAsO2 alone groups(0.70 ± 0.03, 0.64 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.03, 0.33 ±0.01, all P ＜ 0.05), the cell viability of NaAsO2(50, 60 μmol/L) pretreated with 25 μmol/L tBHQ was higher than corresponding 5 μmol/L tBHQ pretreatment groups(all P ＜ 0.05). On the other hand, 40, 50 μmol/L of NaAsO2 significantly induced hepatocellular ROS generation, while tBHQ(5, 25 μ mol/L) pretreatment significantly decreased NaAsO2-induced intracellular ROS levels, the main effects of NaAsO2 and tBHQ, as well as their interaction were all statistically significant (F =181.78, 60.55, 4.93, all P ＜ 0.05) ; the ROS levels of NaAsO2(40, 50 μ mol/L) pretreated with tBHQ(5, 25 μmol/L) were 1.87 ± 0.09, 1.80 ± 0.07 and 1.36 ± 0.11, 1.44 ± 0.12,all significantly decreased than corresponding NaAsO2 alone groups(2.30 ± 0.18, 2.18 ± 0.17, all P ＜ 0.05),the ROS levels of NaAsO2(40, 50 μmol/L) pretreated with 25 μmol/L tBHQ decreased than corresponding 5 μmol/L tBHQ pretreatment groups (all P ＜ 0.05). ConclusiontBHQ has a certain antagonism on arsenic induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries.

Objective To find out the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant and lactating women in the urban areas of Wuwei City of Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Blood and urine samples of pregnant (52 persons) and lactating women (59 persons) were collected in 2009.Urinary iodine content was measured with arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric.Serum free three triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroid hormone(FT4),triiodo thyronine(TT3),serum total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected with direct chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The medians urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women were 274.68,217.88 μg/L.The rates of low urinary iodine (pregnant women below 150 μg/L,lactating women lower than 100 μg/L) were 9.62％ (5/52) and 6.78％ (4/59).Serum TT3,TT4 levels in pregnant women[(2.48 ± 0.59),(132.18 ± 33.36)nmoL/L] were higher than that in the lactating women[(2.16 ± 0.49),(108.79 ± 28.36)nmol/L,t =-3.123,-3.971,all P ＜ 0.05].Thyroid dysfunction incidence rates of pregnant and lactating women were 17.31％ (9/52) and 8.47％ (5/59).Thyroid dysfunction was mostly subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions Overall iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women is in good condition,some individuals have the trend of hypothyroidism.It is necessary to carry out routine monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function.

Objective To observe whether sodium arsenite(NaAsO2)can activate the expressions of hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)of normal human liver cell line named Chang liver.Methods Chang liver cells were exposed to NaAsO2 at 10 μmoL/L,0(contml),2,6,12,24 h and at 0(control),5,10,25,50 μmol/L in 12 h, followed by the measuring of the expressions of HO-1 protein in ceUs with western blot.Results In 10 μmol/L groups Chang liver cells exposed for 6,12,24 h cultured in vitro,the expressions of HO-l protein(3.97±0.72, 12.92±2.98,23.29±3.82)was significantly higher than that of control(1.00±0.00),and compared with the control, the difference being statistically significant(F=85.83,P＜0.01;t=-9.42,-8.95,-13.83,respectively,P＜ 0.05 or＜0.01).In 12 h,5,10,25 and 50 μmol/L groups cultured in vitro,the expressions of HO-1(16.34±0.25, 7.75±0.39,7.93±0.14,12.48±0.35)was significantly higher than that of control(1.00±0.00).and compared with the control,the difference being statistically significant(F=85.83,P＜0.01;t=-36.25,-30.19,-86.40, -56.40,respectively,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Inorganic arsenic call induce the activation of HO-1,promote the expression of protein in a time-and dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypertonic saline/hetastarch 40 injection (HSH40) on intracranial pressure and cerebral oxygenation in patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial glioma. Methods Thirty adult ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients undergoing excision of supratentorial glioma were randomly divided into 2 groups: HSH40 4 mL ·kg~(-1) (trial group, 15 cases) or 20% mannitol 1 g·kg~(-1) (control group, 15 cases) was given intravenously over 15 min when hemodynam-ics was stable. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) , cerebrospinal fluid pres-sure(CSFP) and urine output were measured and recorded at different time-points. Cerebral arterial to jugular venous oxygen content differ-ences (Da-jvO_2) and cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO_2) were calculated. Results As compared to their baseline, CSFP significantly decreased from 15 min to 120 min after infusion in the 2 groups, and the reduction at 15 min in trial group was more significant than that in control group. Urine output was significantly lower in trial group than that in control group. Da-jvO_2and CERO_2 significantly decreased and internal jugular venous oxygen saturation(SjvO_2) markedly increased at 60 min, 120 min as compared to their baseline in the 2 groups. Conclusion HSH40 is more effective than 20% mannitol in reducing CSFP and can improve cerebral oxygenation during excision of intracranial tumour.

To study the effect of dietary fatty acid on the colon tumorigenesis induced by methyl nitrosourea in rats, male SD rats were fed five semi-synthetic diets composed of different proportions of beef tallow, soybean oil, alkana oil, corn oil and fish oil for 180 days. The experimental groups were injected with a solution of methyl nitrosourea in phosphate buffer intraperitoneally once a week for six weeks. The control groups were injected with phosphate buffer solution only. The incidence of colon cancer, the avergage volume of the tumors, proliferation cell nuclear antigen, cell kinetics, membrane lipid fluidity, alkaline phosphatase activities and the content of prostaglandin E2 in colon mucosa and the fatty acid of testis pad fat were measured at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the incidence of colon cancer and the average volume of tumors in animals fed with diets composed mainly of beef tallow, soybean oil or alkana oil were significantly higher than those that were fed fish oil. The most effective anticancer diet in our study contained saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid of fish oil in the proportion of 13.9%, 16.4% and 68.8% respectively. Inhibition of colon tumorigenesis appeared to be related to the regulation of membrane lipid fluidity, and a decrease in the proliferation of cell nuclear antigen in colon cells. In addition, a decrease was noted in the number of cells in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity, along with inhibition of arachidonic acid products and a corresponding decrease in the amount of prostaglandin E2.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of scalp penetration acupuncture and conventional scalp acupuncture for treatment of acute apoplexy, to seek the effective location and mechanism of scalp acupuncture treatment for acute apoplexy.

METHODSSixty cases of the apoplexy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Basis on the neurological treatment, the observation group was treated with penetration needling through Baihui (GV 20) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5) on the affected side, with four needles relay; the control group was treated with penetration needling at anterior oblique line of parietotemporal region, with four needles relay. After 14 days of treatment, the neurological deficit scores (NDS) and the therapeutic effects were compared before and after treatment, and the contents of plasma endothelins (ET) and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were tested respectively on the 2nd and 14th day after treatment.

RESULTSThe effective rate of 86.7% (26/30) in the observation group was superior to that of 80.0% (24/30) in the control group; the NDS of both groups were obviously decreased after treatment (both P < 0.01), the improvement degree in the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01); the ET level was obviously decreased and the CGRP level was obviously increased in both groups after treatment (all P < 0.01), and the range of change was more significant in the observation group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPenetration needling through Baihui (GV 20) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5) is an effective treatment for acute apoplexy, which is better than conventional scalp acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Stroke ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study genetic polymorphism of 9 STR loci in Han nation population in Shangdong Province.

METHODSWe investigated 100 unrelated individuals of Han nation population in Shandong Province and studied their genetic distribution of 9 STR loci and Amelogenin locus. Primers of 10 loci were labeled with the NHS-ester fluorescent dye 5-FAM (blue), Joe (green) or NED (yellow). The data of Han nation population were generated by multiple amplification and subjected to GeneScan, genotype and genetic distribution analysis.

RESULTS83 alleles and 220 genotypes were observed, with the corresponding frequency of 0.0050-0.4050 and 0.0100-0.2100. The average of heterozygosity was 0.7778, the accumulated discrimination power was 0.9999. The accumulated probability of exclusion paternity was 0.9999. The polymorphism information content was 0.5823-0.8396.

CONCLUSIONSChi-Square test indicated that the distribution of genotypes agreed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Alleles ; China ; ethnology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tandem Repeat Sequences