Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Aortic Valve ; pathology ; Calcinosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; pathology ; Heart Valve Diseases ; pathology ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of sinomenine (SIN) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Methods In the experiment one, 12 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: SIN group (mice were injected with 200 mg/kg SIN by tail vein) and control group (mice were injected with equal volume of saline). Six and 24 hs later, the serum was collected and the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (SCr) were determined. In the experiment two, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated (SO) group, SIN group (mice were injected with 200 mg/kg sinomenine just before ischemia induction) and saline group (mice were injected with equal volume of saline at the same time). At the 6th h after reperfusion, the sera and renal samples subject to IR injury were collected. The SCr and BUN levels in serum were determined and renal histological changes were also examined. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was measured by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. The infiltration of F4/80 positive macrophages was measured by using immunohistochemistry and that of neutrophils with myeloperoxidase (MPO) kits. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, chemokine CXC ligand (CXCL)-10, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and IL-17 was detected by using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The activation of transcription factor NF-κB was measured by using Western blotting. Results In the experiment one, there was no significant difference in ALT and SCr between the two groups at 6 or 24 h. In the experiment two,levels of SCr and BUN were lower in SIN group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ), histological damage was milder (P＜0. 01 ), and apoptosis rate of renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis was lower than in saline group (P＜0. 05). The infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, CXCL-10, ICAM-1 and IL-17 in the renal tissue in SIN group were reduced as compared with saline group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ). The activation of NF-κB in SIN group was significantly downregulated as compared with saline group. Conclusion SIN can ameliorate the renal IR injury without hepatic or renal toxicity, which is associated with inhibition of acute inflammatory response induced by reperfusion.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; methods

Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery

Aged, 80 and over ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Prosthesis Failure

OBJECTIVETo explore how obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects children's sleep architecture.

METHODSEighty-three children with OSAS were reviewed; every patient was monitored with polysommography for 7 hours at night for 11 parameters, including the number of arousal, snoring index, nadir O(2) desaturation, stage I %, stage II %, show wave sleep (SWS)% and rapid eye movement (REM)%. The basis for diagnosis of OSAS was the widely accepted pediatric diagnostic criteria of apnea/hypopnea index, apnea/ hypopnea index of > 1 episode/hour, nadir O(2) desaturation < 92%. Sleep was scored manually according to the standard set by Rechtschaffen.

RESULTSIn OSAS group, the number of arousal was 22.5 +/- 1.4, snoring index was 70.6 +/- 16.5, and/or SaO(2) was (73.8 +/- 1.9)%. OSAS group had increased stage I : (45.8 +/- 2.0)% vs. (2.3 +/- 1.1)%, t = 22.46, P < 0.01 and decreased stage II : (23.9 = 1.7)% vs (47.9 = 4.4)%, t = - 14.18, P < 0.01, SWS (15.6 +/- 1.8)% vs. (21.1 +/- 5.0)%, t = - 3.123, P < 0.01, REM (14.7 +/- 1.5)% VS. (28.2 +/- 4.1)%, T = -8.923, p < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe severity of OSAS relates to changes of sleep architecture in children. Intermittent nocturnal hypoxia secondary to apnea/hypopnea, and frequent electroencephalogram arousals from sleep may result in significant sleep fragmentation. Children with OSAS had learning problems and failure to thrive.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Polysomnography ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; classification ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Sleep Stages ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate aberrant methylation in the promoter of p16 gene in the sediment cells of pleural effusion and evaluate its clinical significance in the differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusion.

METHODSUsing methylation-specific PCR (MSP), aberrant promoter methylation of p16 gene was detected in the sedimental cells of pleural effusion samples from 66 patients with pleural effusion.

RESULTSOf the 66 patients with pleural effusion, 36 had a definite diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion, and the rest were confirmed to have benign pleural effusion. The positivity rate of p16 gene promoter methylation was 69.4% (25/36) in malignant pleural effusion and 13.3% (4/30) in benign pleural effusion specimens, showing a significant difference between them (χ² = 20.915, P < 0.01). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of aberrant promoter methylation of p16 gene in the 36 malignant cases were 69.4%, 86.7% and 77.3%, respectively. The positive expression of p16 gene promoter methylation in malignant pleural effusion was not correlated to the histological type or the pathological grade of the tumor (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDetection of aberrant methylation in p16 gene promoter in the sediment cells of pleural effusion specimens by MSP method allows differentiation between benign and malignant pleural effusion.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical manifestation, operative method and therapeutic effect of various type of laryngeal web in infants.

METHODSThe clinical data of 12 cases were analyzed, 5 cases of which were congenital laryngeal web (4 cases, glottic type; 1 case, subglottic type), 7 cases of which were secondary laryngeal web (1 case, tuberculous laryngeal web; 6 cases, traumatic laryngeal web). Diagnosis was mainly depended on history and clinical manifestation. Final diagnosis was depended on fibrolaryngoscope and pathological report. Microlaryngoscopic surgery was the main operative method. However, specific infection should be cured before operation.

RESULTSDuring 3-18 months follow-up, 4 glottic laryngeal webs were cured. One subglottic laryngeal web case well recovered and secondary surgery is not needed at least recently. One tuberculous laryngeal web was followed up for 6 months, no vocal adhesion was observed. During 3-6 months follow-up, 1 traumatic laryngeal web was cred, while the other 6 cases need secondary surgery.

CONCLUSIONSFinal diagnosis of congenital laryngeal web is mainly depended on fibrolaryngoscope. And prognosis of it is well. Laryngeal web induced by specific infection should be cured specific infection before operation. The prevention is the key for traumatic laryngeal web because the surgery outcome is not satisfactory.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; abnormalities ; Male ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; surgery

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; instrumentation ; methods ; Pyonephrosis ; surgery ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Ultrasonography, Interventional