Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a new process in which ammonium is oxidized with nitrite as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions,producing dinitrogen gas.Three anammox bacteria(Brocadia anammoxidans,Kuenenia stuttgartiensis,Scalindua sorokinii) have been found recently.The investigation on cytochrome spectra,nutrition,inhibitors,cell structures and biochemistry reaction mechanisms in anammox bacteria indicated that anammox bacteria had the potential of diverse metabolic types.Several novel microbial nitrogen removal processes have been developed(ANAMMOX process、SHARON-ANAMMOX process、CANON process and integration of methanogenesis with anaerobic ammonium oxidation).

Objective To evaluate the effect of alIoHCT on recurrence and metastasis of HCC after hepatic radical resection. Methods Umbilical cord blood were collected after labor. The efficacy of separa-tion by 6% hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES) and NH4CL lysing solution were examined. Twenty-two SCID mice were randomized into the scheduled transplantation group (n=8), the single transplantation group (n =8) and the normal saline group (n=6). Human nucleated cells (NC)at a amount of 5×107 were transfused through the tail vein into the 2 groups of transplantation. All the mice in the 3 groups received cyclophospha-mide (CTX) as conditioning regimen before tansplantation and Methylprednisolone (MP) for 1 week continu-ously after trasplantation. Hematopoietic and immune recovery, graft versus host disease (GVHD), engraft-ment and survival rate were observed after transplantation. Six weeks after alloHST, the orthotopic tumor model in SCID mice was established by implanting histologically intact tissue under the embrane of liver. Ten days later, the mice received radical resection of lobe bearing tumor. The condition of recurrence and metas-tasis was observed 4 weeks after operation. Results A murine model of umbilical cord blood transplantation using CTX and MP as conditioning regimen could be successfully established in SCID mice. The percentage CD34+ cells of peripheral blood NC in scheduled transplantation group and single transplantation group was 1.66%±0.47% and 0.68% + 0.56%, respectively. There was significant statistical significance (P<0.01). The intrahepatic recurrence rate after operation was 100% in all the 3 groups. However, the recur-rent tumor volume was (367.18±31.86) mm3 , (648.26±155.22) mm3, (811.38±127.36) mm3, re-spectively in the 3 groups. There was marked difference among the 3 groups (P<0.01). The inhibitory rate of group A and B was 54.7% and 20.1%. The incidence of lung metastasis was 14.3 (1/7), 6.7% (4/6) and 100% (5/5), respectively in the 3 groups and there was remarkable difference (P<0.01). The inci-dence of celiac lymph node metastasis was 14.3 (1/7), 33.4% (2/6) and 40% (2/5), respectively in the 3groups and there was no significant difference (P=0.58). Conclusion AlloHSCT is a useful method for de-creasing metastasis and recurrence of liver cancer after radical resection in early stage.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simulect (basiliximab) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Forty adult recipients with benign end-stage liver disease between November 2003 to November 2004 were assigned randomly in a 1∶1 ratio to receive either two doses of simulect or matching placebo. The patients in the two groups received baseline triple immunosuppression with the calcineurin inhibitor (CsA or FK506), MMF and steroids. A total of 40 mg simulect was given in two doses of 20 mg each on the day 0 before inferior vena was opened and the day 4 after transplantation respectively. Acute rejection, infection and serum ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL and ALP in both groups were observed in the first 30 days after OLT. Results In Simulect group had less frequent incidence of acute refection during the first 30 days after OLT. In Simulect group and matching placebo, incidence of acute refection was 10 % (2/20) abd 45 % (9/20) respectively (P= 0.034), and that of infection was 40 % (8/20) and 45 % (9/20) respectively (P= 0.749). Bilirub and aminopherase in both groups were declined gradually and ALP increased. There were significant difference in ALT and TBIL between two groups. Conclusion The application of simulect in combination with CsA/FK506, MMF and prednisone is safe and well tolerated, and can effectively reduce the incidence of acute refection, and does not lead to increased opportunistic infections.

Objective: To explore effectiveness of reduction and internal fixation via modified anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach in treatment of tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column. Methods: Between January 2016 and September 2018, 19 patients diagnosed as tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column were treated with reduction and internal fixation via modified anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach. There were 11 males and 8 females with an average age of 43.2 years (range, 28-65 years). The causes of tibial fracture were traffic accident (12 patients), falling injury (5 patients), and falling from height (2 patients). According to the Schatzker typing, the tibial fractures were rated as type Ⅱ in 9 cases, type Ⅲ in 4 cases, type Ⅴ in 4 cases, and type Ⅵ in 2 cases. The time from injury to operation was 5-13 days (mean, 8.5 days). There were 2 patients with osteoporosis. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were recorded. The knee X-ray film was reviewed regularly to observe the fracture healing. At last follow-up, the fracture reductions were evaluated by Rasmussen radiological score. The knee joint function was evaluated by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system. Results: The average operation time was 95 minutes (range, 65-130 minutes). The average intraoperative blood loss was 220 mL (range, 150-350 mL). All incisions healed by first intention. No complications such as infection or deep venous thrombosis occurred. All patients were followed up 12-20 months (mean, 15.4 months). X-ray films showed that the fractures healed with the healing time of 12-20 weeks (mean, 14.5 weeks). No complications such as loosening or breakage of internal fixation occurred. At last follow-up, according to the Rasmussen radiological score, the fracture reductions were evaluated as excellent in 13 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case. HSS scores of knee joint function were excellent in 14 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case, and poor in 1 case. The knee joint range of motion was 90°-135°, with an average of 113.4°. Conclusion: Application of modified anterolateral supra-fibular-head approach in reduction and internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures involving posterolateral column has the advantages of full exposure, less trauma, safety, and reliable reduction and fixation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome of Sev-damp-heat stagnation pattern between acupoint catgut embedding therapy and western medication.

METHODSenty cases were randomized into a catgut embedding group (40 cases) and a western medication group (30 cases) at the ratio of 4 : 3. In the catgut embedding group, the catgut embedding therapy was applied to Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Quchi (LI 11), Huiyin (CV 1), Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongji (CV 3), Shenshu (BL 23), etc. The treatment was given once every two weeks, the treatment for 4 weeks was as one session and totally 2 sessions were required. In the western medication group, tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules 0. 2 mg, oral administration, once a day, and Indometacin sustained release tablets, 75 mg, once a day, 3 tablets each time were prescribed. The symptom score of TCM, score of NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), lecithin body number in prostatic fluid, (SAS) score of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and score of Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were compared before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The efficacy was evaluated in the two groups.

RESULTS(1)The total effective rate was 91. 9% (34/37) in the catgutembedding group and was 86. 2% (25/29) in the western medication group. The efficacy in the catgutembedding group was better than that in the western medication group (P<0. 05). (2) The symptom score of TCM was all reduced significantly after treatment in the two groups (both P<0.01), and the result in the catgut embedding group was superior to the western medication group (6.42 +/-2. 81 vs 10. 99+/-3. 11 ,P<0. 01). (3) Lecithin body number was increased apparently in the two groups after treatment (both P<0.01), and the result in the catgut-embedding group was superior to the western medicine group (33.56+/-5.88 vs 29. 78+/-7. 06,P<0. 05). (4) Total score of NIH-CPSI, score of pain, score of SAS and score of SDS were all improved apparently after treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 01), and the results in the catgut embedding group were superior to the western medication group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding therapy achieves the superior efficacy on chronic pelvic pain syndrome of damp-heat stagnation pattern as compared with conventional western medicine. This therapy relieves clinical symptoms, improves the states of anxiety and depression and increases lecithin body number obviously.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Pain ; therapy ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome pattern of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) with the contents of substance p and beta endorphin in the plasma, and provide reference data for the clinical diagnosis, differentiation and treatment of CPPS by TCM.

METHODSWe observed 98 cases of CPPS, which were classified into a lower-part damp-heat invasion group (group A, n = 32), a blood stasis-induced collateral obstruction group (group B, n = 34), and a damp-heat stagnation group (group C, n = 32) according to the TCM syndrome differentiation. Another 35 normal healthy young men were enrolled as controls. We measured the contents of substance p and beta endorphin in the plasma by immunoradiometry and ELISA, and analyzed their relationship with the TCM syndrome pattern.

RESULTSThe contents of plasma substance p were significantly higher in groups A ([1135.76 +/- 166.45] pg/ml), B ([1 337.84 +/- 170.81] pg/ml), and C ([1 210.01 +/- 162.27] pg/ml) than in the control ([574.99 +/- 113.09] pg/ml) (all P < 0.01), while the contents of plasma beta endorphin in groups A ([212.70 +/- 29.49] pg/ml), B ([157.99 +/- 24.01] pg/ml), and C ([180.81 +/- 20.20] pg/ml) were remarkably lower than that in the control ([274.73 +/- 27.64] pg/ml) (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn the plasma of CPPS patients, the content of substance p is significantly elevated and that of beta endorphin markedly reduced, which suggests that they may be involved in the inflammatory reaction of CPPS. The levels of plasma substance p and beta endorphin can be used as valuable reference for the TCM classification of chronic prostatitis.

Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Pelvic Pain ; blood ; classification ; Prostatitis ; blood ; classification ; Substance P ; blood ; Syndrome ; beta-Endorphin ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the comprehensive treatment of stage-IIIb testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) based on the chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (BEP) and nerve-sparing laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (nsLRPLND).

METHODSWe reported a case of stage-IIIb testicular NSGCT, analyzed the clinical data and treatment methods and reviewed the relevant literature.

RESULTSThe patient underwent chemotherapy with etoposide (0. 18 g/d for the first 3 days), cisplatin (30 mg/d for the first 5 days), and bleomycin (30 mg/d on day 2, 9 and 16) for 3 cycles, followed by nsLRPLND. Both chemotherapy and surgery were successfully performed. The operation time was 175 min, with intraoperative blood loss of 50 ml, but no severe perioperative complications. No recurrence and distant metastasis were found during the 6-month follow-up after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe comprehensive treatment based on BEP chemotherapy and nsRPLND can be used as an option for stage-IIIb testicular NSGCT.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Testicular Neoplasms ; therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression levels of the type Ⅰ IFN system in muscle and lung of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model and to evaluate whether the type Ⅰ IFN system associates with the pathogenesis of the EAM model in rats.MethodsThe EAM model was established to determine creatine kinase (CK) in blood serum.The pathology of muscle and lung tissue was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The concentration of type Ⅰ IFN system mRNA in muscle and lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR.ResultsThe concentration of CK in model group [(209.17 ±91.95) IU/L]was significantly higher than that of two control groups(P ＜0.05).The scores of muscle and lung in EAM model were significantly higher than that of control groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of the type Ⅰ IFN system in muscle of EAM model were significantly higher than that of control groups(all P ＜0.05).The expression levels of the type Ⅰ IFN system in muscle with EAM model were positively correlated with CK and the scores of muscle (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNαR1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MX1) in lung of EAM model were significantly higher than those of control groups(P ＜ 0.05), but not seen in INF-induced protein with tetratricopetide repeats 1 (IFIT1) and IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15).The expression levels of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNαR1, STAT1 and MX1 in lung with EAM model were positively correlated with the scores of lung pathology (all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe type Ⅰ IFN system probably played a crucial role in the pathogenesis and the pathology of muscle and lung of EAM modeL

Vitexin, a naturally occurring flavone glycoside in plants, has many pharmacological effects, which is widely distributed in nature. This paper reviewed the research progress of the distribution of vitexin in the plant resources and its pharmacological effects, and summarized its application prospects, aiming to provide a useful reference for the development of vitexin-enriched plant resources.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Apigenin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; Plant Dispersal

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of mixed reality technique for the surgery of oral and maxillofacial tumors. METHODS: In this study, patients with a diagnosis of an oral and maxillofacial tumor who were referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from December 2018 to January 2020 were selected. The preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography data of the patients were imported into StarAtlas Holographic Medical Imaging System (Visual 3D Corp., Beijing, China). Three-dimensional (3D) model of tumor and key structures, such as skeleton and vessels were reconstructed to three-dimensionally present the spatial relationship between them, followed with the key structures delineation and preoperative virtual surgical planning. By using mixed reality technique, the real-time 3D model was displayed stereotactically in the surgical site. While keeping sterile during operation, the surgeon could use simple gestures to adjust the 3D model, and observed the location, range, and size of tumor and the key structures adjacent to the tumor. Mixed reality technique was used to assist the operation: 3D model registration was performed for guidance before tumor excision; intraoperative real-time verification was performed during tumor exposure and after excision of the tumor. The Likert scale was used to evaluate the application of mixed reality technique after the operation. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent mixed reality assisted tumor resection, and all of them successfully completed the operation. The average time of the 3D model registration was 12.0 minutes. In all the cases, the surgeon could intuitively and three-dimensionally observe the 3D model of the tumor and the surrounding anatomical structures, and could adjust the model during the operation. The results of the Likert scale showed that mixed reality technique got high scores in terms of perceptual accuracy, helping to locate the anatomical parts, the role of model guidance during surgery, and the potential for improving surgical safety (4.22, 4.19, 4.16, and 4.28 points respectively). Eight patients healed well without perioperative complications. CONCLUSION By providing real-time stereotactic visualization of anatomy of surgical site and guiding the operation process through 3D model, mixed reality technique could improve the accuracy and safety of the excision of oral and maxillofacial tumors.
Augmented Reality ; China ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted