Objective To prepare the ephedrine chitosan-modified liposomes gels, detect the particle diameter and the entrapment efficiency, and investigate the transdermal diffusion characteristics in vitro. Methods Ephedrine liposomes suspensions were prepared using thin film evaporation and slowly dropped by 0.35% chitosan solution with pH values 5-6 in order to prepare the chitosan-modified liposomes gels. The particle diameter of the modified liposomes was detected by Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer. The entrapment efficiency was determined by reverse dialysis method with HPLC. Using Franz Diffusion Cell to investigate transdermal diffusion characteristics of the modified liposomes gels in vitro. Results The mean particle diameter of the modified liposome prepared was from 1 400 to 1 900 nm. The average entrapment efficiency of the modified liposomes was up to (41 ± 0.94)%. Ephedrine in the modified liposomes could penetrate rat skin. The results of the transdermal diffusion test showed the cumulative penetration amount of the ephedrine chitosan-modified liposomes gels was lower than that in the ephedrine solutions with time variation. Conclusion This preparatiom is prepared with simple technology and stable character. The entrapment efficiency of the ephedrine is higher and the assay method is simple and accurate. The penetrating rate of ephedrine is slow and the drug releasing is stable.

A lipopeptide compound was isolated from the culture of Bacillus subtilis HSO121 by methods of acidic precipitation, solvent extract, fractional precipitation, adsorption and prepared thin-layer chromatography; and its molecular structure was determined by by ninhydrin assay and IR methods following the Amino analysis, MS-MS and ESI-MS. It shows that the isolated lipopeptide consists of two homologues with molecular mass 1,022D and 1,036D and bearing a cyclic structure with the amino acid sequence Leu-Leu-Asp-Val-Leu-Leu-Glu in the peptide chain, which indicates that the isolated lipopeptide falls into the analogs of surfactin.

Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

AIM: To select the macroresin used for purification of total saponins of Polygala Fallax Hemsl. METHODS: The adsorption and desorption capability of five different macroresins LSA-7,LSA-10,LSA-30,D-101A and HPD-100 in static state were studied by UV. RESULTS: nonpolar LSA-30 and HPD-100 macroporus resin had the optimum comprehensive properties of adsorption and desorption. CONCLUSION: The experimental results provide the basis for selection of macroporus resins used to purify total saponins of Polygala Fallax Hemsl.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture is one of the common complications in patients with senile osteoporosis.Internal fixation is a common method in clinical therapy.Different internal fixators are selected in different studies.However,there are few studies on influential factors for outcomes of internal fixation at present.OBJECTIVE:To investigate related influential factors for outcomes of internal fixation in elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture.METHODS:A total of 86 elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture,who were treated in the Guanghua Hospital from May 2011 to May 2014,were enroled in this study.They were divided into three groups according to different manners of fixation.There were dynamic hip screw group (n=34),proximal intramedulary nail group (n=41) and proximal femoral compression plate group (n=11).Rate of fixation failure was compared among the three groups.The relevant factors affecting fixation effects were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Internal fixation failure was detected in 5 patients (15％) in the dynamic hip screw group,11 patients (26％) in the proximal intramedulary nail group,and 4 patients (36％) in the proximal femoral compression plate group.Results of univariate analysis revealed that Evanse genotyping of patients,whether fractures were found on outer arm side,degree of osteoporosis,quality of reduction,steeple distance,whether combined with internal medicine diseases and selection of fixator were associated with internal fixation effects (P＜ 0.05).However,the internal fixation effects were not correlated with gender,age,hospital stay and ambulation time (P＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis results demonstrated that unstable fractures,severe osteoporosis,fractures of the lateral arm,medical ilness,steeple distance ＞ 25 mm,and different internal fixators are independent factors affecting internal fixation effects in patients.

Objective To study the expression changes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B ) on the injured rabbit vascular smooth muscular cells (VSMC) transfected with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) vector. Methods Lipofectin method was used to transfect TIMP-2 vector into VSMC, Western blot analysis to detect TIMP-2 peptides and zymography assay to determine MMPs. The activities of MMPs and NF-?B were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The mRNA and protein expressions of PKC? were determined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Results The injured VSMC showed increased enzyme activity of MMP-2. There was very lower level expressions of PKC? and NF-?B in the normal VSMC but high in the injured VSMC. However, in injured VSMC transfected with TIMP-2 vector, the activity of MMP2/9 was suppressed and the expressions of PKC? and NF-?B decreased (P

An applied anatomical study on the blood supply of the flexor tendon was conducted in the upper extremities of fresh cadaver by means of arterial injection, transparence, maerodissection and histological preparation.The flexor digital tendon can be divided into two parts: non-synovial membrane part and synovial membrane part. The intrinsic vaseularization of non-synovial membrane part of the tendon which was wrapped in paratenon was major in the form of the longitudinal vascular bundles, while the transverse anastomotie branches were short and sparse. The vascularity of this part was simple and uniformly distributed. The intrinsic vascularity of the synovial part possessed distinct characteristics of segmentality and partiality. In the synovial sheath, the blood vessels distributed only onto the dorsal aspect, while the velar 1/3 to 1/2 of the tendon was devoid of vessels. The profundus and superfieialis tendons formed an avascular zone at the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint separately. It was considered that the difference of the vascularization of tendon might be related to the mechanical force to which the tendon was subjected. The nutrition of tendon was discussed and the selection of tendon graft in the operation was suggested.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic metal stenting in lef t colon malignant obstruction as decompression bridging therapy and palliative t herapy. Methods Twelve pathologically confirmed and surgically indicated patients with left colo n malignant obstruction underwent metal stent placement as decompression treatme nt. Permanent metal stent placement was performed in 5 left colon cancer obstru ction patients without surgical indication. The successful rate of stent deploym ent, procedure-related complication, stent patency and long-term complication were observed in treated patients. Results ①Stent placement was successful on the first occasion in 15 of 17 (88%) cases, and total successful rate was 100%. No severe procedure-related complication wa s found. ②The mean duration of placed stent in bridging cases was 6.1 days(4-9 days), and all patients were transferred to one-stage tumor resection after d ecompression by bridging stent and bowel preparation without complications of fi stula development and intraperitoneal infection. One case developed colon perfor ation 4 days after stent insertion and received immediate operation. ③ The mean effective patency duration of placed stent in palliative cases was 81.7 days(61 -119 days). Tumor ingrowth and reobstruction were noticed in 2 cases, within 62 and 119 days respectively. Stent migration within 61 days in 1 patient was deve loped. Conclusions As an effective and safe bridging palliative therapy, decompression metal stent p lacement may be applied to unresectable and metastatic left colon malignant canc er patients without surgical indication.

Objective To compare the effect of two different dialysis modalities, hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on insulin resistance in patients with adult end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and to identify the possible predictive factors for insulin resistance. Methods Fifteen non-diabetic patients with ESRD (ESRD group) were selected. Eight patients were treated with HD (HD group), and 7 patients were treated with CAPD (CAPD group). The insulin inhibition was examined by hyper insulin-euglycemic glucose clamp technique before and after dialysis treatment, and the glucose disposal rate (GDR) was used as an index of insulin sensitivity during the clamp technique. Meanwhile, 8 healthy controls were selected as control group. The biochemical parameters which might be associated with insulin resistance were determined by multiple linear regression. Results The GDR in control group was (9.93 ± 1.33) mg/(kg · min), in ESRD group was (6.44 ± 1.76) mg/(kg·min), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The GDR in HD group after treatment was increased from (6.53 ± 1.84) mg/(kg · min) to (9.74 ± 2.88) mg/(kg · min), and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). The GDR in CAPD group after treatment was increased from (6.35 ± 1.65) mg/(kg·min) to (8.18 ± 1.76) mg/(kg·min), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression result showed that the levels of urea nitrogen, hematocrit and bicarbonate were significant predictive factors in insulin resistance (P<0.05). Conclusions CAPD and HD therapy can improve insulin resistance in adult patients with ESRD.

Objective To compare clinical prognosis between intermittent high-volume predilution on-line hemofiltration (HF) and standard intermittent hemodialysis (HD) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods This was a prospective,randomized,controlled single-centre clinical study.The mortality and recovery rate of kidney function were compared in critically ill adult patients with AKI between HF group (using intermittent high-volume predilution on-line HF,50 cases) and HD group (standard intermittent HD,45 cases).The prognosis of 60 d was followed up,including 60-day all-cause mortality,in-hospital all-cause mortality and recovery of kidney function.Results There were no statistical differences in basic clinical characteristics between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The results of 60-day' follow-up showed,the mortality in HF group was 68.0％ (34/50),and in HD group was 82.2％ (37/45).There was statistical difference (risk ratio 0.75,95％ CI 0.80-1.28,P =0.036).There were no statistical differences in the in-hospital mortality and recovery rate of kidney function (P ＞ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in complication rate between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mortality is significantly lower in critically ill patients with AKI treated with intermittent high-volume predilution on-line HF,compared those treated with standard intermittent HD.