Esthetic is one of the prime goal of the orthodontic treatment. The upper incisor position in important because it is decisive in balanced smile. This study was attempted to obtain the standards and equations on the esthetic upper incisor position. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 66 Korean young adult females who were candidates of Miss Korea Beauty Contest were traced, measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean and standard deviation of the measurement for upper incisor position were obtained in the Korean Beauty. 2. Among the measurements of the axis of upper incisor, 1 to SN and 1 to FH were high1y correlated with FH-MP, ANB, FH-N Pag, Y-axis, but 1 to SN (Is-Pr) to present axial inclination of labial surface of upper Incisor didn't have any correlation with the measurements for dentofacial pattern. 3. Among the measurements for the vertical position of upper incisor, 1 to stom had low correlation with to measurements for dentofacial pattern and 1 to PP(mm) was highly correlated with the measurements for facial growth direction. 4. Sixteen multiple regression equations were established to predict upper incisor position balancing with dentofacial pattern. 5. It does not have much power of persuasion to predict esthetic upper incisor position from the measurements for dentofacial pattern.
Adult* ; Beauty ; Female* ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Korea ; Persuasive Communication ; Young Adult

The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the lymph node was investigated through a review of 176 FNAC cases and the corresponding biopsies. We chose 157 FNAC cases after the exclusion of 19 inadequate ones. Sensitivity of malignancy was 94.0%, specificity 100%, false negativity 6.0%, and false positivity 0.0%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.8%. Sensitivity of metastatic carcinoma was 98.0% and that of malignant lymphoma was 87.9%. False negative cases included one metastatic carcinoma and four malignant lymphomas. The aspirates of metastatic carcinoma with false negativity exhibited a diffuse smear of keratin debris without viable cells, which led to the difficulty in differentiation from benign epithelial cyst. The cases of malignant lymphoma with false negative diagnosis were two Hodgkin diseases, one Lennert's lymphoma, and one peripheral T cell lymphoma in the histologic sections. On the analysis of 39 cases of tuberculosis, 17 cases (43.6%) were diagnosed as tuberculosis, 4 (10.3%) as granulomatous lymphadenitis, 3 (7.7%) as necrotizing lymphadenitis, and 15 (38.5%) as reactive hyperplasia or pyogenic inflammation. Sensitivity of tuberculosis was 53.9%. In conclusion, lymph node FNAC is an excellent non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. The diagnostic accuracy of malignant lymphoma could be improved with flow cytometry or polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor genes. For the FNAC diagnosis of tuberculosis, AFB stain, culture, and PCR would be helpful as adjuvant techniques.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Hyperplasia ; Inflammation ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Korea*

This work describes tamaoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen compound, which has been used extensively in the treatment of breast cancer on account of its efficacy and relatively low toxicity. It has been reported to inhibit glioma proliferation in all cell line tested, acting by a mechanism independent of estrogen receptor blockade. Tamoxifen causes cytotoxicity at higher concentration(>or=5 micrometer), as compared with control. Our results showed that this compound decreased the rate of cell proliferation in dose-dependent manner. Its treatment against the C6 glioma cells also resulted in enhancement of the antitumor effect. These data suggest that tamoxifen may serve as an useful agent in chemotherapy of glioma.
Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Drug Therapy ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens ; Glioma* ; Tamoxifen*

Preservation of tissue viability is very important for successful fetal mesencephalic transplantation. Cryopreservation methods have been regarded as a kind of useful technique to maintain tissue viability during the preservation period. Tissue viability and neurite formation rate of cryopreserved tissue would be influenced by many factors. Authors have been looking for the most ideal condition for maintaining tissue viability of cryopreserved tissue after thawing. For the first step to define the most ideal condition of crypreservation, the present study investigated whether tissue viability and neurite formation rate could be influenced by length of cryopreservation time. We used the ventral mesencephalon from 14 day old rat embryos. Tissue blocks of ventral mesencephalon were cooled in a controlled rate freezer from room temperature to -80degreesC at a rate of 5degreesC per minute. Then tissue blocks were transfered into the liquid nitrogen tanks. We divided the tissue blocks into 4 groups(fresh, 1 week, 3 weeks, 5 weeks) by the duration of cryopreservation period. We compared the cell viability and neurite formation rate of each group after thawing. We estimated the cell viability and the neurite formation of the fresh group. The fresh group showed 92% cell viability and the other three cryopreserved groups showed 65% cell viability. Cell viability of cryopreserved group was reduced significantly after thawing, comparing with the fresh groups. But differences of neurite formation rate of each group was not significant. Our result indicates that cryopreservation time could not affect the cell viability and neurite formation rate. Therefore, if we improve the reduction rate of cell viability after thawing, we would be able to obtain the better result of fetal mesencephalic transplantation.
Animals ; Cell Survival* ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures ; Mesencephalon ; Neurites* ; Neurons* ; Nitrogen ; Rats ; Tissue Survival

A case of pretibisl myxederna in typical Graves disease was described. A 50-year-old woman revealed diffuse toxic goiter, exophthalmos, and pretibial myxedema. From light and electron microscopic findings, large amount of acid mucopolysaccharides were deposited in the stroma and fibroblssts. In spite of elevation of TBII (a kind of thyroid stimulatory factors, negative direct immunofluorescence of lesional skin and no response. of pretibial myxedema to the treatment with antithyroid drug (propylthiouracil) suggested stimulstory factors of fibroblasts might be different from those of thyroid gland.
Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Goiter ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myxedema* ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland

BACKGROUND: Antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E may protect against the toxic effect of oxygen free radicals that are preferentially produced after exposures to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). This study investigated the effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on lung after HBO exposure. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g were exposed to HBO at 3 ATA of 100% O2 for 3 hours. The experimental groups were given vitamin C (125 mg/day per rat) and/or vitamin E (50 mg/day per rat) orally, from 5 days prior to the HBO exposure to the day of sacrifice. Serum NO concentrations were determined by measuring NO end product nitrite by non-enzymatic Griess assay. Expression of ICAM-1 on lung was observed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The serum nitrite levels were significantly increased after HBO exposure and were higher at 24 hours after HBO exposure than at 0 h (P<0.05). The expression of ICAM-1 was weak immediately after HBO exposure and enhanced at 24 hours. There were no pronounced suppressive effects of vitamins on serum NO production and ICAM-1 expression induced by the 3 hours HBO exposure. CONCLUSION: The 3 hours HBO exposure induces the serum NO production and ICAM-1 expression on lung. The short-term supplementation of vitamin C or/and E do not suppress the NO production and ICAM-1 expression on lung.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Ascorbic Acid ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lung ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; Oxygen* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVE: It has been known that the posterior pedicle screw fixation provides good mechanical stability in unstable burst fracture. But, posterior fixation without anterior column support may not be adequate to withstand the axial load and to keep the corrected kyphotic angle. We present results of one stage fixation by posterior approach in unstable burst fracture. METHODS: Nine patients with unstable burst fracture were treated with posterior fixation and intervertebral fusion using titanium mesh cages and pedicle screws. The canal decompression was achieved by laminectomy and partial pediculectomy through the posterior approach. In all cases, the short segment fixation and anterior column support with cage were performed on the one stage operation. RESULTS: Of nine patients, seven was satisfied with excellent clinical results except two cases of the Frankel's grade A. All patients had good stabilization of spinal column and enough decompression without any neurological complications. It was possible to maintain the corrected kyphotic angle with the circumferential stabilization(three column fixation). CONCLUSION: The anterior and posterior column fixation through the posterior approach provides good stability and decompression in the patients with unstable burst fracture.
Decompression* ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Spine* ; Titanium

Apromising technique for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other various neurodegenerative disorders is the transplantation of fetal neural tissue. There must, however, be a prompt and reliable source, and one solution is cryopreservation, where tissue viability can maintained for prolonged periods. Fetal neural tissue is, however, known to be susceptible to freeze-storage damage during cryopreservation. In this study, we examined the influence of different concentrations of cryoprotectants upon the survival of rat fetal neurones. Fetal rat brain tissue was frozen with 7-15% dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and 10-50% fetal bovine serum(FBS) as cryoprotectants, then stored for a period of 5 months. Post-storage neuronal cell viabilty was assessed by vital staining followed by determination of cell density. Average total viability of frozen cells with 7% DMSO and 10-50% FBS was less than 50%. Cryopreserved cells with 10-50% DMSO and 10-50% FBS showed almost the same viability(around 70%). The highest viability was obtained with 15% DMSO+20% FBS combination(76%) and 10% DMSO+10% FBS combination(75%). Theoretically, the higher the concentration of cryoprotectants, the higher the viability: however, the best result was achieved stated above, when the combination of cryoprotectants was at the concentrations stated above.
Animals ; Brain ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival* ; Cryopreservation ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons* ; Parkinson Disease ; Rats ; Tissue Survival

Between March 1994 and March 1995, 10 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures underwent a one-stage operation consisting of anterior decompression, reduction, bony fusion with iliac bone and stabilization with Kaneda device. The mean follow-up was 6.4 Months. Most patients with incomplete neurologic lesions showed postoperative improvement and were upgraded one or two steps in the Frankel scale. No patient showed neurological deterioration after surgery. Loss of reduction was 5.5 degree during follow-up period. Anterior decompression and strut fusion was used to effectively recover the neurological deficit and reduce the pain in a thoraco-lumbar burst fracture.
Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans