Epidemiologic investigation was conducted on January, 1993 in Seoul to identify the cause of an infant methemoglobinemia. Field investigation of the area of outbreak, survey of household and family members, analysis of ground water, and blood tests of involved family members were performed. Following results were obtained. On analyzing the quality of the ground water on patients's household high levels of nitrate was found indicating contamination of water as the cause of a methemoglobinemia outbreak. On analyzing the quality of the ground waters on seven other places within the neighborhood five were contaminated by nitrate in concentration that exceeded the permissible limit implying presence nearby source of contamination. Sources of contamination were thought to be originating from human waste in conventional bathroom facilities, chicken manure used in nearby orchards and plant fields or fertilizers. But the results of water analysis with presence of bacteria or E.coli, concentration of potassium, phosphate and the past history of diarrhea among family members, chicken manure suggested the most possible source of contamination. To evaluate the health status of members in the neighborhood past history was reviewed revealing no prior existence of patient with cyanosis and 65 people in the neighborhood had normal levels of methemoglobin concentration in their blood. Conclusively, the ground water on patient's household was contaminated with nitrate and despite provision of adequate water supply, family members of the patient along with distrust in the water supply system had used ground water as their source of drinking water resulting of methemoglobinemia. Many suburban area of Seoul and country side thought to be having similar problems concerning contaminated ground water supply and dormant outbreak of patients as a result of the drinking of the contaminated water. Epidemiologic investigation and water analysis of ground waters are advised.
Bacteria ; Chickens ; Cyanosis ; Diarrhea ; Drinking ; Drinking Water ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilizers ; Groundwater ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Infant* ; Manure ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia* ; Plants ; Potassium ; Residence Characteristics ; Seoul ; Water ; Water Supply

Background: s: This study was performed to analyze the main key words of newspaper articles related to COVID-19 in 2020 for each category of quarantine measures according to the epidemic period of COVID-19. Methods: We analyzed articles related to COVID-19 in three major newspapers of Korea between February 17 and December 31, 2020. We targeted the front page articles on mondays and thursdays. The analysis of the relationship between the two variables was confirmed through the chi-square test. Results: As a result of analyzing the main key words for each category of quarantine measures, non-pharmaceutical intervention were the most common at 54.3%, followed by 3Ts(test, tracing, treatment and vaccine) at 31.9%. In the category of non-pharmaceutical intervention, social distancing was the most common at 33.9%. In the categories such as 3Ts(test, tracing, treatment) and vaccine, diagnostic tests were the most common at 41.8%. Conclusions It was identified that non-pharmaceutical intervention were the most common, and there was a difference in the reporting of main key words by category of quarantine measures for each epidemic period related to COVID-19 in 2020.

The use of osseointegrated implants is an accepted procedure for the treatment of Total, or partial edentulism and offers good predictability of long-term success. Osseointegration implies a firm and direct interlocking between vital bone and screw-shaped titanium implants. There should be not to interposed tissue between fixture and bone. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical condition, complication, and prosthodontic aftercare of different implant systems. One hundred fifty-nine patients treated with a total of 503 endosseous implants (364 Steri-oss threaded type, 69 Integral cylinder with HA coated type, 35 Steri-oss threaded with HA coated type, 21 Steri-oss cylinder with HA coated type and 14 3i implant type), Most of the implant were placed in type B and C bone quantity and type 2 and 3 bone quality according to Lekhorm and Zarb. The success rate of Steri-oss threaded type during healing and function was 92%, Steri-oss threaded type with hydroxyapatite coated was 91%, Steri-oss cylinder type with hydroxyapatite coated was 90%, Integral cylinder type with hydroxyapatite coated was 90% and 3i implant type was 93%. One hundred twenty-nine patients had been treated with implant prosthesis. 79 of these patients had received a fixed type prosthesis and 50 patients had received a removable type prosthesis. There were no differences between the implant systems with regard to age, gender. Failures were associated with poor bone quality, smaller implant sizes, a surgical installation technique and stress distribution when in function. Visual analgoue scales recorded as satisfied results functionally and esthetically, but 15% dissatified with chewing ability.
Aftercare ; Dental Implants* ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth Rehabilitation* ; Mouth* ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Titanium ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Vulva

Intraocular silicone oil is known to induce irreversible histological changes in retina. We enucleated an eyeball which was filled with silicone oil for 6 years following pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Purified 1000 cs silicone oil was used. The reattached retina tissue was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Microscopic examination revealed severe retinal degenerations with many vaculoes in inner retina, the proliferation of glial cells, and the presence of phagocytes. The proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium and the localized calcification of retinal tissues were also observed. Immunohistochemical study showed retinal tissue expressions of vimentin, S-100, and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP). Electron microscopic examination of the retinal tissues demonstrated some phagocytes with large vacules, which probably had been filled with silicone oil. Our study confirmed that intravitreal silicone oil might damage the retinal tissues.
Neuroglia ; Phagocytes ; Retina* ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils* ; Vimentin ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

PURPOSE: Epilepsy, a typical chronic disease, may cause a high level of psychosocial difficulties for all family members, including stigmatization, stress, marital problems, poor self esteem and restriction of social activities. The present study focuses on how children with epilepsy affect their families' functioning. METHODS: The subjects were 30 parents of epileptic children. The Feetham Family Function Survey(FFFS) was used to obtain data concerning the parents' perceived family functioning. Data were analyzed with SPSS 8.0 program using Pearson correlation coefficient, Oneway ANOVA, and multiple range test(Scheffe test). RESULTS: The results of analysis showed slightly low score of the amount of the activity, high importance score and discrepant score, which mean a low satisfaction level. There was no significant correlation between most demographic variables of the family and the family functioning. Oneway ANOVA showed the differences of the discrepant score according to the number of the antiepileptic drugs, the frequency of the seizure, the combined disabilities, and the ways in which families with epileptic children raised money for hospital expenses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the expected level and the important score might be higher than the achieved level of the family functioning, which indicates the low satisfaction in the families with epileptic children. The results also suggest that the discrepant score in the families with epileptic children may be influenced by some treatment-related characteristics of the epileptic children such as the frequency of the seizure, the number of the antiepileptic drugs, the combined disabilities and the ways in which families with epileptic children raised money for hospital expenses.
Anticonvulsants ; Child* ; Chronic Disease ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Parents ; Seizures ; Self Concept ; Stereotyping

No abstract available.

Accompanying to the development of the knowledgment of mechanism and pathology of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder, accurate diagnostic tools to detect that pathology have been developed. During the period from May 1990 to May 1992, we treated 28 cases of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Twenty-eight cases were examined with C.T. arthrography before the operation. Among the 28 cases, we identified the Bankart lesion in 20 cases by C.T. arthrography, and in 21 cases intraoperatively. We concluded that the C.T. arthrography is an accurate method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder and to be helpful in detecting the Bankart lesion and its severity or pathologic findings.
Arthrography ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Methods ; Pathology ; Shoulder

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical and radiological results of isolated acetabular revision and the differences in the results between monoblock and modular femoral stems. Materials and Methods: Between October 1991 and June 2002, 39 patients (39 hips) underwent isolated acetabular revisions with use of uncemented cups and bone grafts. The mean period of follow-up was 5 years 3 months (range, 2 years 1 month to 9 years 8 months). The mean age of the patients at the time of the surgery was 51 years old (range, 26 to 75 years old). The monoblock femoral stems were used in 19 hips and the modular femoral stems were used in 20 hips. The monoblock stems were retained without exchange provided that there was no gross scratch on the femoral head and the femoral stem was confirmed to be stable and fixed intraoperatively. In the modular stems, the femoral heads were always exchanged with new ones. Results: The mean Harris hip score improved from 57 to 87 points. Radiologically, all the stems retained at surgery remained well osseointegrated without osteolysis. Re-revisions of the acetabular components were performed in 5 hips using monoblock stems due to periacetabular osteolysis caused by excessive wear of polyethylene and subsequent loosening of the cups in 3 hips and mechanically unstable acetabular cups without osteolysis in 2 hips. The mean wear rate of polyethylene coupled with the monoblock stem was 0.27 mm/year which was greater than the 0.11 mm/year in the cases with modular stems. Conclusion: To prevent failure of acetabular cups that may occur later by excessive wear of polyethylene, we recommend revision of the well-fixed monoblock femoral stems even though there is no gross scratch on the femoral heads of the monoblock stems.
Acetabulum* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Polyethylene ; Transplants