No abstract available.
Estradiol ; Growth Hormone* ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Neutropenia ; Sepsis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Turner Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Uterus*

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopy requires carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation and Trendelenburg position for operational convenience. However, the above circumstances affect the cardiopulmonary systems significantly and intraocular pressure (IOP) may be also influenced. METHODS: In 27 non-glaucoma patients right and left intraocular pressure (RIOP, LIOP) were measured 5 minutes after induction of general anesthesia (control value), 15 and 30 minutes after CO2 insufflation and endelenburg-lithotomy position. RESULTS: The control values of RIOP and LIOP were 11.3 4.7 mmHg and 11.5 4.7 mmHg respectively. At 15 minutes after CO2 insufflation and Trendelenburg-lithotomy position, they increased to 16.6 5.3 mmHg and 17.0 5.9 mmHg (p<0.05). At 30 minutes, 18.4 3.5 mmHg and 18.2 4.1 mmHg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CO2 insufflation and Trendelenburg-lithotomy position increase IOP significantly in non-glaucoma patients during laparoscopy.
Anesthesia, General ; Carbon Dioxide ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Laparoscopy*

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Peptic Ulcer*

A total of 162 patients with invasive cervical cancer was investigated retrospectively with a view to elucidate the efficacy of pretreatment staging procedures of application with intravenous pyelography, cystoscopy, rectosigmoidoscopy. All 72 intravenous pyelograms, 155 sigmoidoscopies, 158 cystoscopies were normal. Of 111 patients with stage Ib who had paraaortic lymph node biopsies, two patients had a positive node(0.02%). Of 51 patients with stage II who had paraaortic lymph node biopsies, five patients had positive paraaortic lymph node(10%). And the accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of invasive cervical cancer was assessed. In evaluating stage of cervical cancer, clinical staging had an accuracy of 78.9%, compared with 65.7% for CT and 58.9% for MRI. And for detection of parametrial invasion, clincal staging had an accuracy of 85.9%, compared with 85.1% for CT and 78.9% for MRI. Both modalities were comparable in evaluating lymph node metastasis ( 76.1% for CT, 74.4% for MRI ). IVP, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy for staging procedure evaluated in this study are unnecessary and should no longer be performed in patients with early stage cervical cancer. In addition, paraaortic lymph node biopsies in the absence of clinically suspicious nodes are not warranted. Compared with CT and MRI, pelvic examination offered improved evaluation of cervical cancer staging, parametrial invasion, but CT and MRI was useful in detecting the pelvic lymph node metastasis which was nearly impossible by clinical evaluation.
Biopsy ; Cystoscopy ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Urography ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: We report clinical charateristics of percutaneous central venous catheteriza- tion(PCVC) that is performed commonly as a vascular access procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) including comparision between the success rate and com- plication rate of groups performed by a doctor and by nurses who were accustomed to the IV procedure. METHODS: We evaluated a total of 158 PCVC cases performed in the NICU of Soonchunhyang Chunan hospital over 2 years 5 rnonths from May, 1995 to September, 1997. The 24 cases of PCVC were performed by doctors and 134 cases of this proce- dures were performed by well trained nurses. We have compared success rates, clinical characteristics, insertion sites, indwelling time, causes of removal of the catheters, and associated complication of both doctor performed group (D) and nurse performed group (N) retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean gestational age, birth weight, weight at the time of insertion were significantly lower in the doctor performed group than in the nurse group(P<0.001). There were significant differences in postnatal age and mean duration per catheter in both groups. The overall success rate of insertions was 89.9%(142/158), the success rate of doctor performed group was 54.2%(13/24) and nurse group was 96.3%(129/134) and there was significant difference(P<0.001). In the doctor performed group, 100% were axillary however in the nurse group 43.4% were axillary, 38.8% were antecubital, 9.4% were temporal, and 5.4% were hand. The most common cause of the removal of the catheter was elective in both groups but there was also substantial spontaneous removal by the patients and mechanical complication. Cultures of catheter tips were done after removal in 110 cases, among then were positive in 36 cases(33.6%), the most common causes were Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. CONCLUSION: In this report, the authors emphasize that percutanous central venous catheterization performed by well trained nurses has a higher success rates than the doctor performed group and can be considered safe. We would also like to emphasize that more attention should be paid to the maintanace of PCVC.
Birth Weight ; Candida albicans ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus

PURPOSE: The aim of this presentation is to analyze the factors influencing on retrograde insertion of double-J catheter in urethral obstruction due to malignancy and to predict the possibility of stunting with double-J catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 43 patients who had underwent retrograde double-J catheter insertion for urethral obstruction secondary to pelvic malignancy, from January 1993 to April 1997, was performed to evaluate the success rates of double-J ureteral stenting according to the factors such as age, sex, presence or absence of flank pain, degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, stage of tumor, laterality of ureter, past history of radiotherapy, operation and chemotherapy. RESULTS: According to the degree of hydronephrosis, the success rate was 100, 73.7 and 50% in grade I II and III, respectively(p<0.05). According to the renal function, the success rate was 81.3% in the group with normal renal function and 45.5% in the group with abnormal venal function(p<0.05) According to the stage of disease, the success rate was 100, 70.7 and 58.3% in stage I, II and III, respectively. According to the absence or presence of flank pain, the success rate was 56.3% in the group with flank pain and 81.5% in the group without flank pain. According to the past history of radiotherapy, the success rate was 65.6% in the group treated with radiotherapy and 90.9% in the group not treated with radiotherapy. The age, sex, laterality of ureter, past history of operation and chemotherapy were not significantly correlated to the success rates. CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing on double-J ureteral slanting were the degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, absence or presence of flank pain, stage of disease and past history of radiotherapy Further study will be needed to demonstrate the accurate timing of urethral stenting with doublets ureteral catheter.
Catheters* ; Drug Therapy ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Catheters