No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Vulva

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of 2-muscle surgery in children with large-angle intermittent exotropia (IXT), comparing bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with unilateral lateral rectus recession & medial rectus resection (RR). Methods: Ninety-two children with IXT of 40 prism diopter or more, who underwent BLR or RR were included in this retrospective study. Final successful alignment rates, and cumulative probabilities of surgical success at 3 years postoperatively were analyzed and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis between the two groups. Results: At 3 years after surgery, 37 (67.3%) of 55 patients in the BLR group achieved successful alignment; 18 (32.7%) had undercorrection, and none of them had overcorrection. In the RR group, 34 (92%) of 37 patients were successfully aligned, two (5%) had undercorrection, and one (3%) had an overcorrection at 3 years after surgery. There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative results between the two groups (p = 0.0012). The cumulative probabilities of surgical success at 3 years postoperatively analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve were 63% in the BLR group and 92% in the RR group. Postoperative mean recurrence time was 45 months in the BLR group and 50 months in the RR group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0006). Conclusions The unilateral RR procedure demonstrated more favorable long-term postoperative outcomes than BLR procedure in patients with large-angle IXT.

Bowel segments are used either in a tubular or detubular configuration in bladder augmentation and substitutions. The majority of urologists agree that detubularized segments give better clinical results,but detailed studies were not investigated in animals. The present study compared the contractile response of autonomic agonists including carbachol, isoproterenol,alpha, beta-methylene ATP on detubularized and tubularized cystoplastic ileal segments. In addition, histological examinations of cystoplastic ileal segments were performed. Five rats underwent Sham operation as control and eight rats underwent detubularized ileocystoplasty and seven rats underwent tubularized ileocystoplasty. Analysis was done six weeks after surgery. The contractile responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to carbachol, alpha, beta-methylene ATP were significantly increased when compared to the responses of tubularized ileum and control ileum. The relaxation responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to isoproterenol were significantly higher than control ileum. However, in tubularized ileum, the responses to carbachol, alpha, beta-methylene ATP, isoproterenol were similar for control ileum. The responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to carbachol, alpha, beta -methylene ATP were significantly different from control bladder, but detubularized cystoplasty ileum showed responses that resemble control bladder more closely when compared to the responses of tubularized ileum.The histological examination showed urothelialization of cystoplastic ileum with transitional epithelium extending over and covering the junction margin of the cystoplastic ileum. These results suggest detubularized ileocystoplasty induced closer pharmacological changes in the ileal segment towards the bladder than tubularized ileocystoplasty and so we can expect detubularized ileocystoplasty gives better clinical outcome.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Carbachol ; Epithelium ; Ileum* ; Isoproterenol ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a rare benign tumor on the fingers and toes of infants and childhood which is characterized by fibroblastic proliferation. Usually the lesions occur singly or severally on the dorsal or lateral aspects of the distal phalanges of the toes and fingers. The thumb and great toe are usually spared. These asymptomatic, firm, red, smooth nodules, some lcm diameter, occur during the first year of life. Forty-seven percent occur in the first month of life. This disease can occur after trauma. The lesions do not metastasize. Occasionally, spontaneous regression has been reported. After excision, recurrence can be possible. A 2 years old female infant had three large bean sized erythematous masses on the left 2,3,4th fingers. The erythematous aacule was developed at 6 months old and grew slowly. We could find inclusion body stained bright red with Massons trichrome and purple with PTAH in cytoplasm of fibroblast. The patient was treated with a simple excision followed by a skin graft. During 5 rnonths after operation, recurrence was not occurred.
Child, Preschool ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroma* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Infant ; Recurrence ; Skin* ; Thumb ; Toes ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Diuresis* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the magnitude and axis of astigmatism induced by a combined inferior oblique (IO) anterior transposition procedure with lateral rectus (LR) recession versus LR recession alone. METHODS: Forty-six patients were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: those having concurrent inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) and intermittent exotropia (group 1, 20 patients) and those having only intermittent exotropia as a control (group 2, 26 patients). Group 1 underwent combined anterior transposition of IO with LR recession and group 2 underwent LR recession alone. Induced astigmatism was defined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism using double-angle vector analysis. Cylinder power, axis of induced astigmatism, and spherical equivalent were analyzed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Larger changes in the axis of induced astigmatism were observed in group 1, with 4.5° incyclotorsion, than in group 2 at 1 week after surgery (axis, 84.5° vs. 91°; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant inter-group difference thereafter. Relaxation and rapid regression in the incyclotorsion of induced astigmatism were observed over-time. Spherical equivalent significantly decreased postoperatively at 1 month in both groups, indicating a myopic shift (p = 0.011 for group 1 and p = 0.019 for group 2) but did not show significant differences at 3 months after surgery (p = 0.107 for group 1 and p = 0.760 for group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Combined IO anterior transposition procedures caused an increased change in the axis of induced astigmatism, including temporary incyclotorsion, during the first week after surgery. However, this significant difference was not maintained thereafter. Thus, combined IO surgery with LR recession does not seem to produce a sustained astigmatic change, which can be a potential risk factor of postoperative amblyopia or diplopia compared with LR recession alone.
Astigmatism/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology ; Child ; Exotropia/diagnosis/physiopathology/*surgery ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vision, Binocular/*physiology

We report a case of early resolution of convergence spasms following the addition of antipsychotic medications and present it as a possible alternative to the conventional treatment for convergence spasms. The cessation of atropinization of the eyes and the use of reading glasses was achieved after only 2 months following the initiation of antipsychotic medications for childhood emotional disorder.
Affective Symptoms/*drug therapy ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use ; Antipsychotic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Child ; Diazepam/therapeutic use ; E ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Sertraline/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of additional retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection on early recovery of visual acuity in retrobulbar optic neuritis patients. METHODS: A prospective, randomized clinical study including 30 patients with retrobulbar optic neuritis was conducted between March 2003 and June 2007. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 9) with retrobulbar triamcinolone (TA, 40 mg/1 ml) injection on the first day of ONTT protocol, and group 2 (n = 21) with conventional ONTT protocol. The following parameters were measured and analyzed: patient's sex, age, pupillary reactions, color vision, visual field, and best-corrected visual acuity before treatment, and after 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity before treatment was 1.00 +/- 0.89 log MAR units in group 1 and 0.98 +/- 0.75 log MAR units in group 2. One day after injection, visual acuity was better in group 1 (0.50 +/- 0.42 log MAR units) than in group 2 (0.73 +/- 0.61 log MAR units), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.07). There was no significant difference in visual acuity, recovery of RAPD, color vision, or visual field at 3 months of follow-up. No serious side effect related to retrobulbar TA injection was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Additional retrobulbar TA injection may help optic neuritis patients who have a need for prompt visual recovery. However, further studies are required to ascertain whether this procedure can help early recovery of visual acuity in retrobulbar optic neuritis patients.
Color Vision ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Optic Neuritis* ; Prospective Studies ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the visual outcome of an intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) as a treatment for a patient with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). A 65-year-old male patient with severe visual loss due to acute NAION was treated with 4 mg/0.1mL IVTA. Fundus examination and measurements of the patient's best-corrected visual acuity and visual field were performed before and after the injection at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The best-corrected visual acuity changed from 0.05 before the injection to 0.16 at 2 weeks, 0.3 at 1 month, and 0.4 at 3 months and at the final visit. Optic disc swelling had markedly decreased at 1 week postoperatively and disappeared at 2 weeks after the injection. The clinical course of this patient suggests that an IVTA may be effective in increasing visual acuity following an acute NAION. A large randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the efficacy of IVTA as a treatment for NAION.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Glucocorticoids/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*administration & dosage ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Vitreous Body