No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Vulva

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous*

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of 2-muscle surgery in children with large-angle intermittent exotropia (IXT), comparing bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with unilateral lateral rectus recession & medial rectus resection (RR). Methods: Ninety-two children with IXT of 40 prism diopter or more, who underwent BLR or RR were included in this retrospective study. Final successful alignment rates, and cumulative probabilities of surgical success at 3 years postoperatively were analyzed and compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis between the two groups. Results: At 3 years after surgery, 37 (67.3%) of 55 patients in the BLR group achieved successful alignment; 18 (32.7%) had undercorrection, and none of them had overcorrection. In the RR group, 34 (92%) of 37 patients were successfully aligned, two (5%) had undercorrection, and one (3%) had an overcorrection at 3 years after surgery. There was a statistically significant difference in postoperative results between the two groups (p = 0.0012). The cumulative probabilities of surgical success at 3 years postoperatively analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve were 63% in the BLR group and 92% in the RR group. Postoperative mean recurrence time was 45 months in the BLR group and 50 months in the RR group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0006). Conclusions The unilateral RR procedure demonstrated more favorable long-term postoperative outcomes than BLR procedure in patients with large-angle IXT.

Bowel segments are used either in a tubular or detubular configuration in bladder augmentation and substitutions. The majority of urologists agree that detubularized segments give better clinical results,but detailed studies were not investigated in animals. The present study compared the contractile response of autonomic agonists including carbachol, isoproterenol,alpha, beta-methylene ATP on detubularized and tubularized cystoplastic ileal segments. In addition, histological examinations of cystoplastic ileal segments were performed. Five rats underwent Sham operation as control and eight rats underwent detubularized ileocystoplasty and seven rats underwent tubularized ileocystoplasty. Analysis was done six weeks after surgery. The contractile responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to carbachol, alpha, beta-methylene ATP were significantly increased when compared to the responses of tubularized ileum and control ileum. The relaxation responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to isoproterenol were significantly higher than control ileum. However, in tubularized ileum, the responses to carbachol, alpha, beta-methylene ATP, isoproterenol were similar for control ileum. The responses of detubularized cystoplasty ileum to carbachol, alpha, beta -methylene ATP were significantly different from control bladder, but detubularized cystoplasty ileum showed responses that resemble control bladder more closely when compared to the responses of tubularized ileum.The histological examination showed urothelialization of cystoplastic ileum with transitional epithelium extending over and covering the junction margin of the cystoplastic ileum. These results suggest detubularized ileocystoplasty induced closer pharmacological changes in the ileal segment towards the bladder than tubularized ileocystoplasty and so we can expect detubularized ileocystoplasty gives better clinical outcome.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Carbachol ; Epithelium ; Ileum* ; Isoproterenol ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

Infantile digital fibromatosis is a rare benign tumor on the fingers and toes of infants and childhood which is characterized by fibroblastic proliferation. Usually the lesions occur singly or severally on the dorsal or lateral aspects of the distal phalanges of the toes and fingers. The thumb and great toe are usually spared. These asymptomatic, firm, red, smooth nodules, some lcm diameter, occur during the first year of life. Forty-seven percent occur in the first month of life. This disease can occur after trauma. The lesions do not metastasize. Occasionally, spontaneous regression has been reported. After excision, recurrence can be possible. A 2 years old female infant had three large bean sized erythematous masses on the left 2,3,4th fingers. The erythematous aacule was developed at 6 months old and grew slowly. We could find inclusion body stained bright red with Massons trichrome and purple with PTAH in cytoplasm of fibroblast. The patient was treated with a simple excision followed by a skin graft. During 5 rnonths after operation, recurrence was not occurred.
Child, Preschool ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroma* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Infant ; Recurrence ; Skin* ; Thumb ; Toes ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic emergency patients who visit the emergency room increase in number every year. But there is no report about the statistical analysis of such visits. OBJECTIVES & METHODS: We reviewed 326 new dermatologic emergency patients who uisited the emergency room of Dongsan Medical Center in Taegu from 1986 to 1995 to study the age, sex, monthly and yearly distributior, arrival time, length of visit, prevalence of common dermatoses, admission rate and death rate. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows: 1. Of 326 patients, there were 151 males and 175 females. The sex ratio of male to female was 1: 1.15. The number of patients increased with each year. 2. In age distribution, there were 23(7%) under 10;46(14%) between 11-20,55(17%) between 21-30;49(15% ) between 31-40;33(10%) between 41 50; 62(19% ) between 51-60 years,39(12% ) between 61-70 and 19(6%) between 71-80 years. 3. In monthly and arrival time distribution, the peak month incidence occurred in August(24 %), and the lowest incidence in December(1%). The peak incidence of arrival time occurred PM 6-12 hours and the lowest incidence AM 0-6 hour. 4. In the distribution about length nf visit, 73% of patients stayed more than 10 hours, 23% 5-10 hours and 4% less than 5 hours. 5. Of the most common derrnatoses, acute urticaria was seen in 124 cases(38%), and herpes zoster. in 94 cases (29%). In age distribution, acute urticaria was most preualent between the age of 0-30 and herpes zoster between 50-70. 6. The admission rate was 43%(140 cases). The death rate was 1.2%(3 cases). CONCLUSION: Our study of e nergency patients revealed that dermatologic emergency patients who visited the emergency room had increased in number every year and the distribution of patients is quite different from that of outpatients.
Age Distribution ; Daegu ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Diseases ; Urticaria

PURPOSE: To report the effectiveness of home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP) therapy for patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS: Data was collected prospectively on 16 patients who were diagnosed with convergence insufficiency beginning in January 2009. The study group was composed of ten male and six female patients. The duration of symptoms, refractive error, distant and near deviation angles, and near point of convergence (NPC) prior to and after 12 weeks of HBPP therapy were measured in all patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 19.3 years. The mean deviation angle of exophoria was 3 prism diopters (PD) at distant and 11.2 PD at near. The mean value of NPC prior to HBPP therapy was 36.3 cm; however, the near point of accommodation was within the normal range. After 12 weeks of HBPP therapy, the mean deviation angle of exophoria decreased to orthophoric at distant and 4 PD at near. The mean value of NPC decreased to 14.4 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of HBPP therapy appears to be an easy, cost-free and effective therapy for patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency.
Accommodation, Ocular ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; *Convergence, Ocular ; Exotropia/*physiopathology/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; *Self Care ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the magnitude and axis of astigmatism induced by a combined inferior oblique (IO) anterior transposition procedure with lateral rectus (LR) recession versus LR recession alone. METHODS: Forty-six patients were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups: those having concurrent inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) and intermittent exotropia (group 1, 20 patients) and those having only intermittent exotropia as a control (group 2, 26 patients). Group 1 underwent combined anterior transposition of IO with LR recession and group 2 underwent LR recession alone. Induced astigmatism was defined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism using double-angle vector analysis. Cylinder power, axis of induced astigmatism, and spherical equivalent were analyzed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Larger changes in the axis of induced astigmatism were observed in group 1, with 4.5° incyclotorsion, than in group 2 at 1 week after surgery (axis, 84.5° vs. 91°; p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant inter-group difference thereafter. Relaxation and rapid regression in the incyclotorsion of induced astigmatism were observed over-time. Spherical equivalent significantly decreased postoperatively at 1 month in both groups, indicating a myopic shift (p = 0.011 for group 1 and p = 0.019 for group 2) but did not show significant differences at 3 months after surgery (p = 0.107 for group 1 and p = 0.760 for group 2). CONCLUSIONS: Combined IO anterior transposition procedures caused an increased change in the axis of induced astigmatism, including temporary incyclotorsion, during the first week after surgery. However, this significant difference was not maintained thereafter. Thus, combined IO surgery with LR recession does not seem to produce a sustained astigmatic change, which can be a potential risk factor of postoperative amblyopia or diplopia compared with LR recession alone.
Astigmatism/diagnosis/*etiology/physiopathology ; Child ; Exotropia/diagnosis/physiopathology/*surgery ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vision, Binocular/*physiology

The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the visual outcome of an intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) as a treatment for a patient with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). A 65-year-old male patient with severe visual loss due to acute NAION was treated with 4 mg/0.1mL IVTA. Fundus examination and measurements of the patient's best-corrected visual acuity and visual field were performed before and after the injection at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The best-corrected visual acuity changed from 0.05 before the injection to 0.16 at 2 weeks, 0.3 at 1 month, and 0.4 at 3 months and at the final visit. Optic disc swelling had markedly decreased at 1 week postoperatively and disappeared at 2 weeks after the injection. The clinical course of this patient suggests that an IVTA may be effective in increasing visual acuity following an acute NAION. A large randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the efficacy of IVTA as a treatment for NAION.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Glucocorticoids/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*administration & dosage ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Vitreous Body

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of thirtypatients who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection for recurrent exotropia. All had prior bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Data were collected for age, the preoperative deviation, the postoperative deviation at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and the last visit, and the amount of medial rectus resection performed. RESULTS: The average preoperative deviation was 27.0+/-3.6 PD. After unilateral medial rectus resection, average deviation at distance was 2.8 PD at postoperative 2 weeks, 4.5 PD at 3 months, 5.1 PD at 6 months and 5.8 PD at last visit. The average deviation corrected per millimeter of medial rectus resection was 3.53+/-0.17 PD/mm. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that deviation angles of recurrent exotropia is smaller than those of primary surgery and the possibility of saving the other medial rectus muscle, unilateral rectus muscle resection could be effective surgical method for recurrent exotropia.
Child ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Recurrence ; Refraction, Ocular ; Retrospective Studies