In order to assess the efficiency of Percoll gradient centrifugation(PGC) as a method of sperm selection, we have examined morphological characteristics of spermatozoa from 40 teratozoospermic patients attending the Infertility Clinic of Inchon Gil Gerneral Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups according to percentage normal morphology in the fresh sample : group A(n=5), < 5% normal morphology : group B(n=21), 5~14% normal morphology : and group C(n=14), > 14% normal morphology. Morphology slides were perpared using Diff-Quik staining techniques and evaulated by Kruger strict criteria, under oil immersion at a magnification of X 1000, specific defects, head, neck and tail were assesed individualy. The results were as follows. 1. Following PGC, sperm samples with enhanced morphology were recovered for all groups. 2. For group A, PGC did not select a sample with significantly improved morphological characteristics. 3. Usually, sperm defects affected by PGC was head and neck. No significant difference was found for tail abnormality. In conclusion, Percoll gradient centrifugation is an efficient sperm preparation technique when the semen sample exhibits teratozoospermia, especially head or neck abnormality. However, in sample with < 5% normal form or tail abnormality, There is not significant improvement following PGC.
Centrifugation* ; Equidae ; Head ; Humans* ; Immersion ; Incheon ; Infertility ; Neck ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*

PURPOSE: To assess the role of the preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) in patients in need of major hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 11 cases consisted of Klatskin tumor (n:6), gallbladder cancer (n=2), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=3). After percutaneous transhepatic puncture of portal vein (right:7, left:4), the embolization of 1st order branch of right portal vein was done with Gentamicin soaked Gelfoam cubes. Radiologically, the angle between the middle hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava was measured on pre- and post-PVE CT (F/U :10 days) to evaluate the hypertrophy of the left lobe. Clinically, amount and nature of the drained bile through the PTBD tube of both lobes were analyzed in 5 patients with Klatskin tumor. The interval between PVE & operation was 10-24 days. Operative findings & the changes of postop. total bilirubin were analyzed and the complication after procedure was checked. RESULTS: There was decrease in mean angle between the middle hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava from 35.9 degree to 23.9 degree, but it was insignificant statistically (p=0.09). The embolization of right portal vein was done and there was increase in amount of drained bile from the nonembolized left lobe by 2-3 folds 8-14 days after PVE. The color and consistency between both lobes were significantly different; right lobe was darker in color and softer in consistency. Postoperative total bilirubin increased by 2-3 folds 1 to 4 days after PVE and normalized 10 to 14 days after PVE. Most of the patients had mild abdominal pain and fever after PVE and 1 patient had localized hematoma at puncture site which was subsided spontaneously. CONCLUSION: The preoperative portal vein embolization is a useful method for minimizing postoperative liver failure in patients in need of major hepatectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Bile ; Bilirubin ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Fever ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Gentamicins ; Hematoma ; Hepatectomy* ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Klatskin's Tumor ; Liver Failure ; Portal Vein* ; Punctures ; Vena Cava, Inferior

No abstract available.
Humans

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy is common in chronic renal failure patients and may contribute increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the left ventricular morphology and function in renal transplant recipients to find the relationship between hemodynamic changes and morphologic and functional improvement after transplantation. METHODS: Serial echocardiographic evaluations were performed in 27 adults(20 men and 7 women) at the time of transplantaion and posttransplantation 1 month and 4 months. The average duration of hemodialysis was 16+/-24 months(mean+/-S.D.). RESULTS: At the time of transplantation, the hematocrit level was 21+/-6% and posttransplantation 1 month and 4 months, that was increased to 39+/-5% and 42+/-7%, respectively(p<0.001). Left ventricular mass index by echocardiography was decreased significantly from 246+/-87g/m2(pre-KT) to 169+/-38g/m2(post-KT 1 month) and 153+/-40g/m2(post-KT 4 months), respectively (p<0.001). Interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were decreased significantly after 4 months of transplantation. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensions were also decreased significantly after 1 month and 4 months of transplantation. Left ventricular volumes and cardiac output were also decreased significantly. But A/E ratio, ejection fraction and fractional shortening did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: These findings showed that pretransplant high output state was resolved radipidly(within 1 month) but the diastolic function did not improved after transplantation 1 month and 4 months.
Cardiac Output ; Echocardiography* ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Mortality ; Renal Dialysis ; Transplantation*

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers as perceived by mothers of children in early childhood, and graduate students in nursing and to provide information for health promotion in early childhood. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 91 mothers of children in early childhood, and 115 graduate students in nursing. RESULTS: The comparisons showed that graduate students in nursing reported higher perception of the importance health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers than did the mothers. In health promotion behavior, the highest score was in the category of safety. CONCLUSION: Providing information by nurses is necessary to promote health promotion behavior for mothers of children in early childhood. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to develop effective programs for these mothers who want to promote good health promotion behavior in their children.
Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Child Health

Fibromatous tumors of the ovary are considered to originate from specialized ovarianstromal cells and account for approximately 4% of all ovarian neoplasms. Most ovarianfibromatous tumors are benign, but infrequently there are histologically malignant appearances.Malignant fibromatous tumor can be categorized into two separate types of tumorsrelating to prognosis, cellular fibroma and fibrosarcoma. The cellular fibroma has one tothree mitotic counts per 10 high power fields(HPF). Unless an adhesion or rupture appearson this tumor, recurrence should not happen after operation. Furthermore, where themitotic count per 10 HPF is over four, it is classified as a very bad fibrosarcoma case interms of prognosis.We have met a case of large ovarian fibrosarcoma with has ten mitotic counts per10 HPF. We hereby report this case with the brief review of literatures.
Female ; Fibroma ; Fibrosarcoma* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Rupture

PURPOSE: A high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reported for HIV-infected individuals. While a link between abacavir and CVD risk is suggested, an association between abacavir and hypertension remains unclear. This study evaluated hypertension risk with abacavir use in comparison to non-abacavir antiretroviral treatment (ART). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a nationwide cohort of HIV-infected individuals on their initial ART, 6493 who were free of hypertension at baseline were analyzed. The use of ART was treated as a time-varying covariate measured as a daily unit. Incidence rate of hypertension was calculated, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident hypertension overall and among subgroups. RESULTS: From the 6493 participants, 24072 person-years (PY) of follow-up were contributed during 2008–2016. The incidence rates of hypertension were 4.6 and 3.6 per 100 PY for abacavir and non-abacavir ART users, respectively. The population attributable fraction of abacavir use on hypertension was 12%. Abacavir exposure did not elevate the risk of hypertension among overall study population [HR, 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0–1.4), p=0.061]. However, those with poor ART adherence, defined as a medication possession ratio < 50% [HR, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5–2.4), p < 0.0001] or requiring prophylactic antibiotics [HR, 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0–1.3), p=0.023], were at risk of hypertension induced by abacavir, as were men, individuals aged ≥40 years, and patients visiting tertiary hospitals in urban areas. CONCLUSION: When present, poor ART adherence, requiring prophylactic antibiotics, male sex, and older age may warrant additional concern for hypertension in patients treated with abacavir.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Incidence ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Tertiary Care Centers

In the last years, according to the increasing incidence of measles and other viral diseases, it have been needed to study on not only the fundamental epidemiological characteristics of mumps and measles but also judgement on the effectiveness of vaccine that meet our domestic situation. The author carried out questionnaire to obtain epidemiological characteristics and vaccine efficacy of mumps on epidemics of mumps in one primary school in Hwasung-kun, Kyonggi Do from Feb. to July, 1994. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Total students was 556, but 446(78.4%) responded to the questionnaire. Among that 446,130(29. 1%) have suffered from mumps. From 9 to 10 year old students had the high attack rates, especially 10 year olds has the highest(39. 7%). 2. From Feb. 2, 1994, first case was on, to July 6, 1994, the epidemic was continues, and attack rate was higest in May(50. 5%). 3. Among the 130 mumps patients, 5 have suffered from complication(3.8%) : encephalitis 3(2 in male, 1 in female). 4. Vaccination rate was 91%, and as ages were lowered, the rates were higher. 5. Attack rate was higher in group who had time interval after vaccination less than 5 years than total attack rate, and was higher in group who had been vaccined after 5 year old. 6. Attack rate in vaccinated group was 27.3%. 7. Vaccine efficacies, be judged by three methods of analysis according to case definition and vaccination status, were 37.4 39. 2%. 8. Factors that have significantly affected the mumps epidemic were vaccination status and vaccination age.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Measles ; Mumps* ; Vaccination ; Virus Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the outcome of preterm infants and the prevalence of cerebral palsy and to examine the relevance between clinical risk factors, ultrasonographic abnormalities and the development of cerebral palsy. METHODS: From January, 1993, to December, 1994, we selected and followed up 437 cases of survived preterm infants born in Seoul National University Hospital. Clinical risk factors such as gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications, birth asphyxia, and neonatal sepsis were evaluated. Sequential ultrasonographic observations were done at the interval of 7 or 10 days. Ultrasonographic abnormalities could be classified into periventricular echodensity, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) including cystic PVL, intraventricular hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly and brain atrophy. Diagnosis of the cerebral palsy was confirmed after the follow up more than 2 years after birth, and the correlations of ultrasongraphic abnormalities with clinical types and severities of cerebral palsy were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty one cases (4.8%) among survived infants were diagnosed as a cerebral palsy. The prevalence of cerebral palsy was 20% in infants with less than 32 weeks of gestation, and 1.4% after 34 weeks. The prevalence of cerebral palsy was 12% in infants with less than 2000 g of birth weight, while, 0.4% in more than 2000 g of birth weight. Mother's age, primiparaty, and history of abortion did not influence the prevalence of cerebral palsy, but preterm labor, preterm rupture of membrane, severe birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly relevant to the increased prevalence of cerebral palsy. Fifty six percents (18/32) of PVL (100% of cystic PVL) and 53% (7/13) of third grade IVH progressed to a cerebral palsy. Without PVL, third grade IVH had no explicit correlation with a cerebral palsy. Multiple logistic regression analysis of clinical risk factors and ultrasonographic abnormalities revealed that PVL is a determinant and independent risk to the cerebral palsy. Most cases turned out a spastic diplegia. The cases with cystic lesions especially showed the worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Four point eight percents of survived preterm infants developed a cerebral palsy. The existence of PVL was the most important risk factor among the perinatal problems and ultrasonographic abnormalities.
Asphyxia ; Atrophy ; Birth Weight ; Brain ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Rupture ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography

As the survival rate of preterm infants increasing, much perinatologic concern has been paid to the possibility of their getting into cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the early periventricular abnormalities and the incidence of cerebral palsy among preterm infants, and then to estimate the value of periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) as the prognostic factor by verifying the clinicopathological correlation of it with cerebral palsy. We have selected 174 cases with periventricular abnormality in early ultrasonographic findings among the survival preterm infants. 163 of them were followed up successfully to verify the incidence of cerebral palsy. Sequential ultrasonographic observations had been made at the interval of 7 or 10 days. Periventricular abnormalities could be classified into three types, which consist of the PVL(including cystic PVL), suspicious PVL, and periventricular echodensity without tissue loss. Associated lesions such as intraventricular hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, brain atrophy were evaluated. Diagnosis of cerebral palsy was confirmed after following up more than 2 years of age, and the correlations of periventricular abnormalities with the clinical type and severity of cerebral palsy were analyzed. The 24.5% (40/163) of our samples revealed periventricular leukomalacia and the 17.8% (29/163) of them were diagnosed as cerebral palsy. The 65% (26/40) of preterm infants with definite PVL were cerebral palsy and their relative risk ratio for cerebral palsy is 26.7. Without PVL, there were no explicit correlations between cerebral palsy and associated abnormalities. Most cases with cerebral palsy turned out to be the spastic diplegia. In the cases with cystic lesions especially, the clinical outcome appear to be more severe. We've reached the point that the presence of PVL in preterm infants had a strong correlation with the development of cerebral palsy. Moreover, the association with cystic lesions is not only a strong correlation with cerebral palsy, but also a poor prognostic value for functional outcome.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Odds Ratio ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography