It was measured to check the state of health education by the survey of the items related to the health with first grade of students in middle school who mastered elementary courses. Totally 50 questions, which were selected from Standard and Dong-A reference books, were given to teachers and have got answered by the students who were totally 959(491 from urban areas and 468 from rural areas). It's done just after they entered middle school for a month, from April 10 to may 10, 1984. There were totally 782 items of health in all subjects of all grades. In contents, the most cases were about mental and emotional health(17.7%), exercise and rest(15.1%), environmental health, health life, personal health care, nutrition and foods, social health and organization, physiology and anatomy, statistics of public health population problem, disease and care, food sanitation, school health, parasitic and communicable disease control, eugenics and heredity(0.4%), etc were followed. In subjects, Korean language had 44.7% of mental emotional health in 114 cases, arithmetics 46.4% of statistics of public health in 26, sociology, 23.1% of environmental health in 118, natural science, 60.1% of physiology and anatomy in 30, ethics, 40.3% of mental and emotional health in 176, music, 21.8% of mental and emotional health and accidents in 23, art, 42.9% of exercise and rest in 28, physical education, 38.6% of exercise and rest in 201, practical course, 36.2% of nutrition and foods in 61, and there was nothing but only one case in Korean history. Subjects in total cases of health informing items are below: Physical education 25.8%, ethics 22.5%, sociology 15.1%, Korean language 14.6%, practical course 7.8%, natural science 3.8%, art 3.6%, arithmetics 3.3%, music 2.9%, Korean history 0.6%. Grades in total cases of health informing items are belows: the sixth grade 29.1%, the fourth grade 21.2%, the fifth grade 18.9%, the third grade 11.6%, the first grade 11.5%, the second grade 7.7%. The sections related to health matters were average 35.4%. According to the grades, the fourth and the sixth grade were 38.2% each other, the highest, and the second grade was 29.3%, the lowest. All sections in physical education included them. The acceptability to the knowledge for health was belows: 56.3% in urban students and 53.9% in rural students. There was some difference in acceptability between two parties (p<0.005).
Communicable Disease Control ; Delivery of Health Care ; Environmental Health ; Ethics ; Eugenics ; Health Education* ; Humans ; Music ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Physical Education and Training ; Physiology ; Public Health ; Pupil* ; Reference Books ; Sanitation ; School Health Services ; Sociology

The diagnosis of soft tissue osteochondroma should be considered when a well-defined osseous mass is located in the soft tissues. The differential diagnosis includes myositis ossificans, tumoral calcinosis, synovial chondromatosis, and soft tissue osteosarcoma, true osteochondroma which arises from bone. One case of soft tissue osteochondroma in the knee, a lesion of uncertain pathogenesis is reported.
Calcinosis ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Knee ; Myositis Ossificans ; Osteochondroma* ; Osteosarcoma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this seroepidmiologic study was to examine the immunization and infection history of rubella, positivity of rubella specific antibody, seroconversion rate of two rubella vaccines and to develop an adequate immunization program of rubella. Research Methods : Subjects of the study were 2.071 students of 8 priamary schools in Gyenggi-Do. Questionnaire and blood sampling were done. Test method of Rubella specific antibody was ELISA (Abbott IMx autoanalyzer). The anayltic methods for the study were chi-square-test, t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The results of the study were as follows : (1)The number of subjects who had infection history of rubella were only 28 students(1.5%). (2)The immunization rate of rubella was the highest in 6 year-old group(65%), it decrease as subjects grow older. (3)The positivity of rubella antibody was 76. 6%, it is the highest in 6 year old group and the lowest in 7 year-old group and it increase again as subjects grow older. (4)Average antibody titer was 53.3 IU(SD 79.2), the trend of antibody titer by age was similar to that of positivity. (5)The seroconversion rates of both vaccines, vaccine A,vaccine B, were 99.5% and 99.6%, the ratio of increase of antibody titer after immunization was higer than 400. it means that both vaccines are very efficacious. CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest that it is necessary to increase the coverage of rubella immunization, and further studies are necessary to get more information for rubella.
Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Rubella* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Vaccines ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was performed to evaluate the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used to obtain information about. dietary patterns of adults in a rural county, Yang-pyeung Gun. The study population was 1311 adults aged 17~85 years. And well-trained interviewers interviewed subjects in 1990, 1992, 1993. The results are as follows. 1) Nutrients intake calculated from each questionnaire showed significant difference, because the number of question was not same(fifty questions in 1990, eighty questions in 1992, 1993). 2) Estimated nutrients intake from separate food items was significantly different when food items are combined in one question. 3) The agreement of nutrients intake level except vit C were high when the subjects are cross-classified by their ranks on the nutrients intake level from items in both questionnaires and on the nutrient intake level from items in each questionnaire. 4) And analysing this study data by multiple stepwise regression, we selected twenty seven food items whic could explained over 85% of inter-individual variation of nutrients(energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vit A, vit B1, vit B2, vit C, Ca). From above results, we suggested that it is neccessary to standardize questionnaire and perform validity studies.
Adult ; Humans ; Korea* ; Rural Population* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Thirty-year old female developed limited range of motion (ROM) of both ankles after radiofrequency muscle reduction procedure for one month prior to her visit. Dorsiflexion of both ankles was severely limited to zero degree. Plantar flexion of both ankles was limited to 20 degree on the right and 15 degree on the left. The electrodiagnostic study and MRI showed normal nerve conduction study and inflammatory change of both gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. She received ROM and stretching exercise for 1 hour per day and twice per week for 4 weeks as an outpatient with continuous home programming. After 2 weeks of treatment, ROM improved to 20 degree plantar flexion and to 20 degree dorsiflexion on the right ankle and to 20 degree plantar flexion to 10 degree dorsiflexion on the left ankle. This is a case of severe muscles contracture after radiofrequency procedure reversible after intensive strengthening exercise.
Animals ; Ankle ; Contracture ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Neural Conduction ; Outpatients ; Range of Motion, Articular

BACKGROUND: During coronary angiography, some electrocardiographic changes occured due to contrast media, which do life threatening influences. METHODS: We compared the electrocardiographic changes which were induced by injection of three radiopaque contrast media during selective coronary angiography in 49 patients with chest pain. One of the contrast media was high osmolar ionic(Urografin_76) and the another was low osmolar ionic(Hexabrix) and the last was non-ionic(Ioversol). Electrocardiograms were obtained before, during and after selective coronary angiography. RESULTS: The changes of S-T segment or T were decreased in non-ionic group rather than high osmolar or ionic group. And there was significant Q-Tc interval prolongation among all three groups except comparision of low osmolar ionic contrast dye and non-ionic contrast dye in left coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: Non-ionic low osmolar contrast media was safer than high osmolar or ionic contrast medial because of lesser change of Q-Tc interval during selective coronary angiography.
Chest Pain ; Contrast Media* ; Coronary Angiography* ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Electrocardiography* ; Humans ; Ioxaglic Acid ; Osmolar Concentration

The FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) is a co-chaperone that regulates the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and has been reported to mediate stress resilience. This study aimed to determine the effects of Fkbp5 deletion on acute stress-induced recognition memory impairment and hippocampal GR signaling. Wild-type and Fkbp5-knockout mice were subjected to acute uncontrollable stress induced by restraint and electrical tail shock. First, we assessed the cognitive status of mice using a novel object recognition task. Next, we measured plasma corticosterone, GR levels, and the levels of GR phosphorylation at serine 211 in the hippocampus. Wild-type mice exhibited stress-induced memory impairments, whereas Fkbp5-knockout mice did not. Plasma corticosterone and GR levels did not differ between the non-stressed wild-type and Fkbp5-knockout mice, but the levels of phosphorylated GR were lower in Fkbp5-knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Wild-type and Fkbp5-knockout mice showed increased nuclear GR levels following stress, indicating GR translocation. However, cytosolic phosphorylated GR levels were lower in the hippocampi of Fkbp5-knockout mice following stress than in those of wild-type mice. These results suggest that FKBP5 deficiency increases resilience to acute stress by altering GR signaling.

OBJECTIVES: Delphinidin is one of the anthocyanidins. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory property including antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of delphinidin in mucin-producing human airway epithelial cells has not been determined. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effect and the brief signaling pathway of delphinidin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS: In mucin-producing human NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay were used for investigating the expressions of MUC8, MUC5, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), after LPS treatment and delphinidin treatment. And the signaling pathway of delphinidin on LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression was investigated using the RT-PCR, and immunoblot analysis. To confirm the involvement of TLR4 in LPS-induced MUC8 and MU5B expression, the cells were transfected with TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS: In NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells, LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression. TLR4 siRNA significantly blocked LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B mRNA expression. LPS (100 ng/mL) significantly activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B expression and LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. In the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, delphinidin (50 and 100 microM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced TLR4, MUC8, and MUC5B gene expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that delphinidin attenuates LPS-induced MUC8 and MUC5B expression through the TLR4-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells. These findings indicated that delphinidin may be a therapeutic agent for control of inflammatory airway diseases.
Anthocyanins ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lipopolysaccharides ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases* ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinases ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Toll-Like Receptors*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Sparganosis

BACKGROUND: The relationship between infection of microorganism and atherosclerosis has been studied because the pathophysiology after infection is similar to those of cell injury and/or lipid theory. Although there are many reports which described the relationships between the infection of chalamydia pneumoniae and the atherosclerosis. In Korea, even the prevalence of chlamydia infection has not been studied yet. This study was purposed on the prevalence of chlamydia infection and it's correlation to atherosclerosis. METHODS: 235 subjects were enrolled and age and sex adjusted subjects were divided into two groups, normal controls (n=43), atherosclerosis (AS, n=90) group:coronary artery disease (CAD, n=61) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD, n=29). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Serum IgG chlamydia antibody were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS: TG was significantly higher in AS (162.51+/-100.04 mg/dL vs 122.91+/-63.31 mg/dL, mean+/-SD, p=0.019), and HDL-C was significantly higher in controls (47.30+/-9.88 mg/dL vs 39.38+/-8.29 mg/dL, p<0A65A>0.01). Levels of LDL-C and TC were not statistical significant. Serum IgG chlamydia antibody was positive in 29.8% (70/235), 30% (27/90) in AS group and 28% in controls and there was no statistical significance between groups (p=0.804). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there was no significant differences in positivity of IgG chlamydia antibody in AS compared with that of controls. Overall positivity of chlamydia antibody was lower in Korea than in other country. It is still controversial whether Chlamydia pneumoniae is a primary etiologic agent of atherosclerosis or not. This study could not demonstrate the relationship between chlamydia infection and atherosclerosis in Korea. The effectiveness and indications of antichlamydial antibiotics for prevention of cardiovascular complications in atherosclerosis and overall chlamydia infection in general population will be needed in large scale trials.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis* ; Chlamydia Infections ; Chlamydia* ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Triglycerides