Heart failure is a syndrom of heart disease with high morbidity and mortality .There are more and more evidence indicating immune activation developing important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure . Interleukin (IL)‐35 ,known as a negative regulatory factor of one of the members of IL‐12 family ,participates pathogenetic process of heart failure .The present article made a review for influence of IL‐35 on heart failure .

Objective To establish a model of isoniazid induced necrosis and apoptosis in HepG2 cell and to observe the expressions of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) in this model.Methods HepG2 cells were treated with different dosages of isoniazid (0,1,2,4,6 and 8 mg/mL) or blank control for 24 hours.Flow cytometer was used to observe the cellular morphology of the HepG2 cell.Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect the necrosis and apoptosis of HepG2 cells.The expressions of Fas/FasL on the cells were also determined by flow cytometry.The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.The comparisons between the drug groups and the control group were performed by using Dunnett t test. Results The higher the dose of isoniazid (4,6,8 mg/mL) was,the more necrosis and apoptosis were observed.In the 4,6 and 8mg/mL isoniazid arms,the total mortality rates were all higher than the control group [(32.1 ±7.5)％,(34.9±8.1)％,(38.2±9.4)％ vs (7.2±1.5)％ respectively](t=4.62,5.14 and 5.75,respectively; all P＜0.01 ).The expression levels of Fas increased along with the dose of isoniazid increasing [(8.7±2.2)％,(11.5±2.8)％,(12.3±3.0)％ and (10.6±2.9)％ in isoniazid 2,4,6and 8 mg/mL arms,respectively],which were all higher than that in control arm [(3.1 ±0.8) ％](t=2.97,P＜0.05; t=4.46,P＜0.01; t=4.88,P＜0.01; t=3.98,P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expressions of FasL increased as well when the dose of isoniazid increased.The expression levels of FasL were (16.2±3.5)％,(21.7±4.8)％ and (18.7±4.9)％,respectively in isoniazid 4,6 and 8 mg/mL arms,which were all higher than that in the control group [(7.4±1.4)％](t=3.11,P＜0.01; t=5.06,P＜0.01; t=3.99,P＜0.05).HepG2 cell necrosis increased with isoniazid of 8 mg/mL.However,the increase of apoptosis was not observed.Conclusion Isoniazid can induce HepG2 cell necrosis and apoptosis,and the apoptosis may be related with the increased expressions of the Fas/FasL on the cells.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection of adrenal neurilemmoma.Methods The data of 7 cases with adrenal neurilemmoma undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection were analyzed.2 cases were diagnosed by ultrasound scan,3 cases had blood pressure elevation,and 2 cases had pain in waist and abdomen.All cases underwent ultrasound and CT scan.The neurilemmoma was located in left adrenal area in 2 cases and located in right adrenal area in 5 cases.Results All the 7 cases were successfully operated.No conversion or severe blood loss happened.The average tumor size was 5.0 cm,ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 cm.The average operation time was 75 min,ranging from 45 to 120 min.The estimated blood loss was 50 ml,ranging from 20 to 100 ml.The patients were discharged 7-8 day after the operation.During the 2-12 months of follow-up,no recurrence or metastasis was found.Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection offers an effective and better treatment for adrenal neurilemmoma,with the advantages of less blood loss,less trauma,and faster recovery.

OBJECTIVETo observe the acupoint distribution and clinical efficacy of lumbar disc herniationi (LDH) with different sensitive types.

METHODSEighty patients with LDH were randomly divided into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group (group A), a heat-sensitive acupuncture group (group B), a force-sensitive acupuncture group (group C) and a force-sensitive moxibustion group (group D), 20 cases in each one. In the group A and the group B, moxibustion and acupuncture were applied at two or three heat-sensitive acupoints separately. In the group C and the group D,acupuncture and moxibustion were used at two or three force-sensitive acupoints respectively. The treatment was given once a day, totally 10 times. The distribution law of the heat-sensitive acupoints and the force-sensitive acupoints and the change of M-JOA before and after treatment were recorded in the four groups.

RESULTSThe frequent heat-sensitive acupoints areas of LDH were at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Dachangshu (BL 25), Zhiyang(GV 9), Guanyuanshu(BL 26) and Weizhong(BL 40). The major force-sensitive acupoints areas were at Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Tianshu (ST 25), Guilai (ST 29) and Weizhong (BL 40). After treatment, the heat-sensitive acupoints in the group A and the group B were all reduced than those before treatment and the force-sensitive acupoints in the group C and the group D were declined as well (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The M-JOA scores were obviously lower than those before treatment in the four groups (all P < 0.01). The score in the group A was reduced more apparently than that in the group B (P < 0.05). The score in the group C was declined more markedly than that in the group D (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere are diverse acupoints for LDH patients due to different sensitive types. All forms of stimulation can change the functional state of acupoints. Moxibustion is more suitable for heat-sensitive acupoints and acupuncture is optimal for force-sensitive acupoints.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Infant ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; complications ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications

Objective To evaluate the effect of radiochemotherapy for unresectable extra-hepatic bile duct cancinoma. Methods Form June 1993 to August 2003, 28 unresectable extra-hepatic bile duct carcinoma treated by radiochemotherapy were analyzed. There were 13 gallbladder carcinoma and 15 bile duct carcinoma. The radiotherapy regimen consisted of conventional radiation therapy group(15 patients,with a median dose of 45Gy, range 30-60Gy) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy group(13 patients, with a median dose of 55Gy , range 50-70Gy). Among these patients, 12 patients were treated by radiotherapy alone( RT), 16 patients treated by radiochemotherapy(CRT), with a chemotherapy regimen consisting of 5-Fu 500mg twice weekly or 5-Fu 500mg + DDP 30mg once weekly for 3-6 cycles. Results The CR+PR, SD and PD rate was 14%, 64%, and 21%, respectively. The overall 1-,2-year survival rate was 38% and 15%, with a median survival time of 9.4 months. The 1-year survival of gallbladder cancer and extra-hepatic bile duct cancer was 46% and 27%;of 3DCRT and conventional radiotherapy was 42% and 33%;of those radiation dose less than 50Gy and more than 50Gy was 29% and 45%;of RT alone and radiochemotherapy was 37% and 31%, respectively. There was significance difference in overall survival between those RT dose less than 50Gy and more than 50Gy,(P=0.023). Grade 1-2 and Grade 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity was 57% and 18%, respectively. Only 25% patients suffered grade 1-2 hematology toxicity. Conclusion Radiochemotherapy shows moderate effect for unresectable extra-hepatic bile duct cancer with acceptable side effects.

BACKGROUND: Conventional opinions believe tissues of central nervous system(CNS) cannot regenerate after injury when they have been developed and maturated. However, recent researches have validated that neural stem cells exist in human and adult animal nervous system, and most of them are in static status in vivo. The therapeutic effects of neural stem cells in cerebral infarct have been a key point in the researches.OBJECTIVE: To observe the reactive process of endogenous neural stem cells after cerebral infarct to explore the effects of endogenous neural stem cell in CNS traumatic rehabilitation, which provides theoretical gist for the self-restoration after cerebral infarct.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial by using experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery of Peking Union Hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Neurosurgery Department of Peking Union Hospital from March to October in 2003. Totally 82 healthy male Wistar rats with a body mass between 250 g and 300 g were selected.METHODS: Cerebral infarct model was established in rats by thread-ligation method. Rats were divided into post-infarct 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days groups with 14 rats each. Control group was sham-operation group( n= 12). The expressions of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Nestin in the brain of the rats were dynamically detected by immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The changes of BrdU and Nestin positive cell numbers after cerebral infarct in rats.RESULTS: Only very few BrdU and Nestin positive cells had survived in hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone(SVZ) area in control group. BrdU positive cell significantly increased compared with control group in hippocampus and SVZ area after 1 day of cerebral infarct( P ＜ 0.05),which reached its peak on the 7th day( P ＜ 0.05), started to reduce after 14 days but still in the level significantly higher than normal( P ＜ 0.05), and closed to normal level after 28 days. And moreover, BrdU and Nestin positive cells were significantly more in infarct side than the opposite side ( P＜ 0.05), which migrated towards the opposite side through callus.CONCLUSION: Cerebral infarct can activate the proliferation in situ and migration of endogenous neural stem cell.

Objective To analyze the protein expression in the rat hippocampus by the proteomic approach.Methods Proteins from hippocampal tissue homogenates of the rat were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE),and stained with colloidal Coomassie blue to produce a high-resolution map of the rat hippocampus proteome.Selected proteins from this map were digested with trypsin,and the resulting tryptic peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).The mass spectrometric data were used to identify the proteins through searches of the NCBI protein sequence database.Results 37 prominent proteins with various functional characteristics were identified.The identified brain protein classes covered metabolism enzymes,cytoskeleton proteins,heat shock proteins,antioxidant proteins,signalling proteins,proteasome-related proteins,neuron-specific proteins and glial-associated proteins.Furthermore,3 hypothetical proteins,unknown proteins so far only proposed from their nucleic acid structure,were identified.Conclusion This study provides the first unbiased characterization of proteins of the rat hippocampus and will be used for future studies of differential protein expression in rat models of neurological disorders.

Objective To investigate the effects of changing the arteriovenous pressure difference on the survival area of reverse island flap in New Zealand white rabbits models.Methods The saphenous artery and saphenous vein of New Zealand rabbits were selected to design experimental models of reverse island flap.Experi mental rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A:control group (reserved pedicle integrity of superficial veins);group B:part anastomosis of saphenous artery group (the distal saphenous artery of the flap was cut,then trimmed its original diameter to half and done end-to-end anastomosis);group C:part anastomosis of vein group (distal superficial veins was cut,then trimmed its original diameter to half and done end-to-end anastomosis);group D:ligated superficial veins group (pedicle superficial veins was ligated).After surgery,the flaps were measured by general observation.Blood distribution at different times of the flaps was detected by radionuclide scans.Survival area of the flap was measured to compare the survival rate of flap.Distribution of blood vessels and the state of blood cells were observed by Histological examination.Results The flap survival rate was (82.27-± 11.71)％ in group B,showing significant differences when compared with that group A (47.70-± 11.18)％,group C (47.70 ± 11.18)％ and group D (47.70 ± 11.18)％ (P ＜ 0.05).Radionuclide scans showed that the radioactive material in group B could be seen clearly,the radioactive material in groups A,C and D were a transient existence.Ten days postoperatively,histological observation showed that group B had more capillary regeneration and blood cells remain compared with other groups.Conclusion Increase the blood supply can increase the survival area of the reverse island flap,and simply promote the venous drainage can not effectively improve the survival rate of the flap.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectofhypoxiacombinedwithexercisetrainingonmitochondrialcon-tent, and the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy in this process .METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normoxia control (NC) group, normoxia+training (NT) group, hypoxia+control (HC) group, and hypoxia+training (HT) group.The hypoxic animals were housed in normobaric hypoxic tent (11.3 % oxy-gen) for consecutive 4 weeks.The exercise training animals were exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill (5°) at a speed of 15 m/min, 60 min/d, 5 d/week for 4 weeks.Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 fluo-rescent probe .ATP synthesis capacity was determined using a bioluminescence technique .The protein expression of cyto-chrome C oxidase IV (COXIV), voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma cofactor 1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam),Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kD-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) and beclin-1 in the muscles was detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with NC group, hypoxia attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential , ATP synthesis capacity , and the expression of COXIV , VDAC-1, PGC-1αand Tfam.Furthermore, hypoxia increased the expression of Bnip 3 and beclin-1.Compared with HC group , the exercise training elevated mitochondrial membrane potential , ATP synthesis capacity , and the expression of COXIV , VDAC-1, PGC-1α, Tfam, Bnip3 and beclin-1.CONCLUSION:A combination of reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitophagy seems to be responsible for the decrease in mitochondrial content after hypoxia .Exercise training with hypoxia elevates mitochondrial content and function in hypoxia , which may be mediated by appropriate increase and co-reg-ulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy .