Implantation is a cascade of process which fertilized conceptal tissue move into maternalendometrium. Recently, with development of life science, the informations about humanimplantation process have been important topic with regard to the reproductive medicaltechnology. However, the precise mechanism and the factors involved in the process is notclearly understood, because the human experiments have been inhibited due to ethical andreligious views to the point. To study the human implantation process, we develop the modelto culture the human endometrium and trophoblast in vitro. The microscopic findings ofcultured monolayer of endometrial glandular epithelium and stroma in respond to co-culturedtrophoblast cells were observed. As results, trophoblasts didn't change the microscopicmorphology of endometrial glandular layer. However, trophoblast cells destructed the higherconcentration of epidermal growth factor in culture media. These results suggests thatepidermal growth factor may be a important factor for trophoblast invasion to stromal layerand trophoblast may invade the glandular layer by different mechanism to endometrial stroma.
Biological Science Disciplines ; Culture Media ; Endometrium ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans* ; Trophoblasts*

No abstract available.
Gonadotropins* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans* ; Hypogonadism*

No abstract available.
Amenorrhea* ; Female

No abstract available.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism*

No abstract available.
Insulinoma*

OBJECTIVE: The impact of maternal stress on pregnancy outcome has been a focus of research and cortisol is known as a biomarker of psychological stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and pregnancy outcomes prospectively. METHODS: The subjects of this study were healthy pregnant women who collected morning samples of saliva (10~12 AM) at 10~13, 20~23 weeks of gestation, and postpartum 2 days between April 2007 to March 2008. Saliva was collected with commercial collector, Salivette(R), and cortisol level was analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. They also underwent ultrasonographic examination of umbilical and uterine artery Doppler between 20~23 weeks of gestation. Statistical analysis was assessed between salivary cortisol levels and pregnancy outcomes, including Doppler findings. RESULTS: A total 39 pregnant women collected salivary cortisol as indicated. They showed increase in cortisol level in 2nd trimester compared to 1st trimester, which decreased after delivery. Salivary cortisol level was not associated with maternal age, parity, occupation, body mass index, blood pressure, delivery mode, fetal sex, and fetal weight. However higher cortisol level was associated with lower resistance index of uterine artery, even there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Our data could not show any association between salivary cortisol levels and pregnancy outcomes. Although this study presents a number of methodological and conceptual challenges, this does not necessarily preclude the use of salivary cortisol measures, but rather point to the importance of careful research design.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Fetal Weight ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Maternal Age ; Occupations ; Parity ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Research Design ; Saliva ; Stress, Psychological ; Uterine Artery

No abstract available.
Humans ; Insemination* ; Spermatozoa*

Recently, we experienced the conservative management of ovarian cyst torsion using transvaginal ultrasonography-guided aspiration in 39 years old woman at 9 weeks of gestational age. The patient had a 7.3 cm-sized ovarian cyst suspected torsion. The symptom was acute lower abdominal pain. Transvaginal cyst aspiration was performed twice. The symptom was resolved after the procedures. The full term delivery was done by vaginal route and the ovarian cyst disappeared.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Pregnancy*

This study examined effect of preceptorship on clinical education of senior nursing students of Y. University in Seoul. Quasi-experimental study design was used. Sixty students of pre-test and 80 of post-test participated in this study. Competency scores of the students before the clinical education(pre-competency scores) were compared with the competency scores after the clinical education(post-competency scores), and teacher evaluation scores between preceptors and clinical the data from students with preceptors(experimental group, N=22) and with clinical instructors(comparative group, N=58) were also examined. Study results indicated that the total post-competency scores were higher compared to the total pre-competency scores, and the difference was statistically significant. Among 7 sub-domains, differences were all statistically significant in 6 sub-domains except "self-esteem" domain. Competency scores of the students who had clinical education with had clinical education from clinical instructors. But the difference between those scores was not statistically significant. However, students gave higher evaluation scores to preceptors than clinical instructors. This study concluded that preceptorship did not influence much on clinical education at this time yet. However it is expected that when preceptors adjust their new roles and function them in expert education. This study recommended that for the preceptors to increase their motivation to teach students and to accept their roles, systemic rewards are needed.
Education* ; Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing* ; Preceptorship* ; Reward ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing*

A 35-yr-old woman carrying a 17-week-old fetus presented with right hydronephrosis and a single umbilical artery. Karyotyping was normal and targeted ultrasonography showed an otherwise normal fetus. After 28 weeks of gestation, the mother felt rapid, repetitive fetal movement and an ultrasound at 30 weeks of gestation revealed tonic clonic movements of the fetal trunk and extremities. At 36 weeks of gestation, an emergency repeat Cesarean section was performed because of a premature rupture of the membranes and a male infant weighing 4,295 gm was delivered. After birth, the infant continued to have movements suggestive of a generalized tonic clonic seizure. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed normal structures and an electroencephalography showed generalized suppression. Treatment with phenobarbital resulted in substantial improvement in the number of seizure episodes, however fine seizure-like movement continued in both of the hands, feet and in the tongue until the five-month follow-up. This is the first Korean report of a fetal seizure being diagnosed during the prenatal period.
Female ; Fetal Diseases/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Seizures/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/*methods