Objective To evaluate the perfectibility of colposcopy directed biopsy for the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial(CIN)through cervial conization by loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP).Methods Biopsy by colposcopy and biopsy after LEEP were analyzed retrospectively in 108 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to study the related factors of affecting the coincidence rate.Results Comparison of pathological hanges following both LEEP and colposcopy showed that 69 cases were the same,24 upgrade,and 15 downgrade.Conclusion LEEP is a kind of effective and perfect method for the specific diagnosis and treatment of CIN.Colposcopically directed biopsy has its limitations.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression profile of interleuki-1β (IL-1β) in rat myocardium at different time points during hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)transition.

METHODSThe isolated Langendorff perfused rat heart model was established.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (A group) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (H/R group). The H/R group rats were subdivided into H/R 0.5 h group(B group), H/R 1 h group(C group), H/R 2 h group(D group)according to reoxygenation time. The left ventricular development pressure(LVDP), maximal rates of increase/decrease of the left ventricular pressure(±dp/dtmax) were continuously recorded. The concentration of interleukin-1β(IL-lβ) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in myocardium was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of IL-lβ in myocardium was determined by RT-PCR. Microstructure of myocardium was observed under light microscopy.

RESULTSThe value of LVDP and ±dp/dtmax in hypoxia/reoxygenation group rat were significantly lower than that in sham group(P < 0.05). The expression of IL-lβ and CK-MB at protein level and the expression of IL-1β at mRNA level in hypoxia /reoxygenation group were higher than that in sham group(P < 0. 05). There were significant differences of the above parameters among H/R 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h group(P <0.05). The concentration of IL-1β and CK-MB, the mRNA expression of IL-1β were higher in H/R 2 h group than that of other groups(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of IL-Iβ in myocardium after myocardial hypoxia /reoxygenation in rats might lead to. ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Pathway engineering was the third generation of gene engineering. Its main goals were to change metabolic flux and open a new metabolic pathway in organism. Application of recombinant DNA methods to restructure metabolic networks can improve production of metabolite and protein products by altering pathway distributions and rates. Ethanol is the most advanced liquid fuel because it is environmentally friendly. Enhancing fuel ethanol production will require developing lower-cost feedstock, and only lignocellulosic feedstock is available in sufficient quantities to substitute for corn starch. Xylose is the major pentose found in lignocellulosic materials and after glucose the most abundant sugar available in nature. Recently a lot of attentions have been focused on designing metabolic pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to expand the substrate of ethanol fermentation, because it is a traditional ethanol producing strain and has wonderful properties for ethanol industry. However, it can not utilize xylose but convert the isomer, xylulose. Many attempts are based on introducing the genes in the pathway of xylose metabolism. The further research includes overexpressing the key enzyme or decreasing the unimportant flux. The sugars in lignocellulose hydrolyzates, therefore, could be efficiently utilized. Here, we describe the ethanol pathway engineering progress in ethanol fermentation from xylose with recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Biotechnology ; methods ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; genetics ; physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xylose ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of work needed to release adhesion in the early stage of flexor tendon healing.

METHODSEighty-four profoundus flexor tendons of the 3rd toe of Sanhuang chicken were severed and repaired by either Modified Kessler technique or Tsuge technique randomly. At 0, 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 d after the operation, 6 tendons from each repair technique group were harvested and tested by biomechanical test machine. An elongation force-elongation distance curve was obtained and work of adhesion release was calculated in this curve. Whether adhesion band had been released or not was confirmed by gross inspection immediately after the test.

RESULTSWork of adhesion release: this work significantly increased at the 7th day in Modified Kessler group and at the 10th day in Tsuge group. Modified Kessler group was significantly higher than Tsuge group at the 7th day. At the 21st day after operation, adhesion could not be effectively released by full range excursion of flexor tendon profoundus.

CONCLUSIONWork of adhesion release begins to increase significantly since the 7th approximately 10th day postoperatively. At the 21st day after the operation, adhesion could not be fully released by full range of flexor tendon profoundus flexion.

Animals ; Chickens ; Male ; Stress, Mechanical ; Suture Techniques ; Tendon Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tendons ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors ; Tissue Adhesions ; physiopathology ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo probe into the law of acupuncture analgesic effect and specificities of acupoint action.

METHODSAdult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a model plus electroacupuncture (EA) group and a model plus sham EA group. Chronic inflammatory pain model was prepared by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into right posterior foot, and paw withdrawing latency (PWL) induced by radiation heat was used as pain threshold index, and changes of PWL in all the groups were investigated.

RESULTSAfter modeling, PWL significantly shortened on the inflammatory side (P < 0.05); EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) could significantly reverse the shortened PWL (P < 0.05), and this effect was prolonged along with increase of EA times, but in the sham EA group PWL did not significantly change; EA at bilateral "Shousanli" (LI 10) and Neiguan" (PC 6) could not reverse the shortened PWL (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnalgesic effect of EA is strengthened along with increase of EA times and shows specificity of acupoints to a certain extent.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Electroacupuncture ; Freund's Adjuvant ; immunology ; Male ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo discuss the present status and progress of clinical research on the cognitive effects caused by different types of brain tumors and common treatments.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to Febuary 2012. Research terms were "cognitive deficits" or "cognitive dysfunction".

STUDY SELECTIONArticals including any information about brain tumor related cognitive deficits were selected.

RESULTSIt is widely accepted that brain tumors and related treatments can impair cognitive function across many domains, and can impact on patients' quality of life. Tumor localization, lateralization, surgery, drugs, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are all thought to be important factors in this process. However, some conflicting findings regarding brain tumor-related cognitive deficits have been reported. It can be difficult to determine the mechanism of these treatments, such as chemotherapy, antibiotics, antiepileptics, and steroids. Future research is needed to clarify these potential treatment effects.

CONCLUSIONSCognitive function is important for patients with brain tumor. Much more focus has been paid on this field. It should be regarded as an important prognostic index for the patients with brain tumor, and neuropsychological tests should be used in regular examinations.

Brain Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Cognition ; physiology ; Cognition Disorders ; physiopathology ; Glioma ; physiopathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor- I (IGF- I) on the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under three-dimensional (3D) culture system.

METHODSThe hPDLCs were cultured from periodontium of human teeth by the outgrowth method. Rotary cell culture system (RCCS) was enrolled to set 3D culture system. Samples were set to four groups: Negative control group, positive control group (3D group, IGF-I group), and experimental group (3D with IGF- I group). Proliferation was tested with methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), and ALP activity was assayed by spectrophotometer at 1, 3, 5, 7 d respectively.

RESULTSCompared with that of negative control group, cell proliferation increased significantly in 3D with IGF-I group since 3 d (P < 0.05). Besides, the cell proliferation of 3D with IGF-I group was significantly higher than that of 3D group (P < 0.05). ALP activity of 3D with IGF- I group was significantly higher than that of negative control group, and 3D group at 3, 5, 7 d (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIGF-I significantly promotes the proliferation and ALP activity of hPDLCs under 3D culture system.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Periodontal Ligament ; Somatomedins

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin on human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 and its mechanism. The proliferation inhibitory rate of RPMI8226 cells was assayed by MTT, the morphological changes of RPMI-8226 cells were observed by inverted fluorescent microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the apoptosis rate and the cell cycle distribution of RPMI-8226 cells were detected by flow cytometry, The effects of oxaliplatin on the expression of Bcl-2, caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA were tested by RT-PCR, Bcl-2 protein expression of RPMI-8226 cells was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that oxaliplatin could inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in time and dose-dependent manners. Cell number in oxaliplatin group was significantly less than that in control group under light microscope, and the growth arrangement was irregular, apoptotic cells could be seen. Under electron microscope, typical apoptotic morphological and ultrastructural changes could be observed. Flow cytometry results showed that oxaliplatin could induce apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells, the difference have statistical significance (P < 0.05). Oxaliplatin mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the S phase (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA did not have apparent change, while the expression of caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA increased (P < 0.05). Western blot results suggested that the expression of Bcl-2 protein had no obvious change. It is concluded that the oxaliplatin can induce apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells, activating the death receptor pathway and arresting cell cycle may be two of the related mechanisms, Bcl-2 gene has unobservable effects in the process of oxaliplatin-induced cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of docetaxel on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 and its mechanism. The inhibitory rate of multiple myeloma cells was detected by MTT, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of RPMI8226 cells were observed by using inverted fluorescent microscope and transmission electron microscope, the apoptosis-inducing effect of docetaxel on RPMI-8226 cells was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin-V FITC/PI staining, the cell distribution in cell cycle of RPMI-8226 cells was assayed using flow cytometry with PI staining; the effect of docetaxel on expression of BCL-2, caspase-8, caspase-3 mRNA was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR, the expression changes of BCL-2 protein in RPMI-8226 cells before and after treatment with docetaxel were measured by using Western blot. The results indicated that 0.25 - 8.0 µg/ml docetaxel obviously inhibited the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells in both time- and dose-dependent manners. Cell number of docetaxel-treated group was significantly less than control group under inverted fluorescent microscope, and the cell arrangement was irregular, necrotic cells could be seen occasionally. By transmission electron microscope, the morphological and ultrastructural changes of cell typical apoptosis could be observed, a few necrotic cells could be captured, too. Compared with control group, docetaxel induced the apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cell line (P < 0.01). Docetaxel mainly arrested RPMI-8226 cells in the G(2)/M phase (P < 0.01). The expression of BCL-2 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 increased (P < 0.05). Western blot indicated that BCL-2 protein expression also decreased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that docetaxel can inhibit the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Activation of the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis may be involved in the docetaxel-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest may also play an important role in the apoptosis mechanism.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biomechanics effect due to unilateral cortical bone defect of different size in long tubular bone.

METHODSSeventy-six pieces of Sanhuang cock tibial were randomly divided into 7 groups. The unilateral diaphyses cortical were drilled holes of different size, include 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 mm, performed three-points bend single experiment. The intact bone cortical group was control group.

RESULTSWhen there were bone structure destructions, the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and control was not significant difference (P = 0.824, 0.865), but the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm decreasing about 14 percent of the control group (P = 0.015, 0.010, 0.021). and the maximum of the bend load which bone defect diameter were 4.5 mm decrease about 23 percent of the control group (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSIf the diameter of bone cortical defect is within 22.63 +/- 1.39 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, there was no reduction of the bend load. If the diameter of bone cortical defect is beyond 29.36 +/- 2.07 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, it decreases the maximum bend load of the long tubular bone, but the reduced range is not complete with direct ratio to the bone defect size.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chickens ; Diaphyses ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia ; injuries ; physiopathology ; Weight-Bearing