OBJECTIVES: This study examined the selective deficits of executive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury that in normal range of general intelligence level and aimed to analysis of the correlation between K-WAIS result and executive function. METHODS: 59 subjects were included in this study, who were diagnosed as mild traumatic brain injury(MTBI) and they have visited in neuropsychiatric department of Wonkwang University Hospital during from March, 2005 to September, 2010. For measurement of general intelligence quotient, the Korean-Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS) was administered and for measurement of executive intelligence quotient(EIQ), Executive Intelligence Test(EXIT) was administered. RESULTS: Of patients, 50.8% included at abnormal EIQ group. The patients of abnormal EIQ showed poorer full scale IQ(FIQ), performance IQ(PIQ) and in subscale that picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension were significantly different. In terms of relationships between K-WAIS and EIQ, FIQ and PIQ have positive correlation with EIQ. And in subscale, picture arrangement, digit symbol, digit span, block design, object assembly and comprehension show positive correlation with EIQ. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that MTBI patients with have normal range of general intelligence level may have deficit of executive function is common. The decline of FIQ, PIQ and some subscales of K-WAIS may suggest executive dysfunction in MTBI patients.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Comprehension ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Reference Values ; Wechsler Scales

No abstract available.
Hemodynamics* ; Hepatocytes* ; Ischemia* ; Liver* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator* ; Verapamil*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group music therapy on social function and interpersonal relationships in outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 24 outpatients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (with music therapy : 12 patients) or a control group (without music therapy : 12 patients). Patients assigned to the experimental group received 18 sessions of group music therapy at Iksan Community Mental Health Center. Twenty individuals with schizophrenia completed a battery of measures, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Social Skill Scale, Korean-Social Functioning Scale (SFS-K), Interpersonal Functioning Scale, and the Relationship Change Scale at baseline and end point. RESULTS: After 18 sessions of group music therapy, the experimental group showed significant improvements compared with the control group in the PANSS (positive, negative, general psychopathology), GAF, social skill, interpersonal relationship, some SFS-K domains (social withdrawal, recreation, independence performance), and some Relationship Change Scale domains (communication, confidence, affection, openness, understanding). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that group music therapy seems to be effective for treatment of psychopathology, social function, and interpersonal relationships of schizophrenic patients. However, the small sample size was a limitation of this study.
Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Mental Health ; Music Therapy* ; Music* ; Outpatients* ; Psychopathology ; Recreation ; Sample Size ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: Nasal bone fracture is the most common type of facial bone fracture and most of nasal bone fracture is combined with septal fracture frequently. Nasal septum is important to support the distal nose and to maintain the nasal airway. But nasal septal fractures are usually unrecognized and untreated at the time of operation. Recently, various materials were using for nasal packing after closed reduction, however these materials are not focused on the correction of nasal bone and nasal septal fracture and many patients are suffered from nasal packing materials. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare routine packing materials and rolled silastic sheet with respect to postoperative effect of correction of nasal bone fracture and discomfort of nasal packing materials. METHODS: We examined 320 patients treated nasal bone fracture from January 2008 to December 2010. For Group I(n=92), Merocel(R) was used for nasal packing, for Group II(n=152) vaseline gauze was used, and Rolled silastic sheet(RSS) with vaseline gauze packing(VGP) was used for Group III(n=76). Under the general anesthesia, all patients were operated by closed reduction and nasal packing was done using three kinds of packing materials. At the time of postoperative 7 days, packing material was removed and studied for pt's satisfaction and postop. complications. RESULTS: In patients with RSS with VGP, the complaints (nasal obstruction, foreign compressive sensation and discomfort during food ingestion) of keeping the nasal packing were decreased(p<0.05) and the postoperative complication(deviation) were decreased comparing to vaseline gauze packing and Merocel(R) packing, however, these differences were not statistically significant(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative nasal packing with RSS with VGP was more comfortable to the patients and it was more effective method to correct the nasal bone fracture and nasal septal fracture.
Anesthesia, General ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Nasal Septum ; Nose ; Petrolatum ; Sensation

OBJECTIVE: Patient-controlled-analgesia (PCA) using intravenous (IV) opioids is recognized a safe and effective method for pain control. However, postoperative analgesia with opioids is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) exceeding 30%. The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 (5-HT3) antagonists alleviate nausea and vomiting. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ramosetron and ondansetron in preventing PONV following laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign uterine diseases under general anesthesia. METHODS: The medical records of 1483 patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy between January 2005 and May 2009 were reviewed. Of the 1483 patients, 1184 patients who received IVPCA with ramosetron 0.3 mg (n=761) or ondansetron 8 mg (n=423) were analyzed. Fentanyl-based IVPCA was administered for 48 hours after surgery. The overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, bowel ileus, Levin tube insertion for severe bowel ileus, additional usage of pain killers and discontinuation of the IVPCA infusion with PCA-related severe nausea and vomiting were assessed for 48 hours after surgery. The amount of time until bowel gas passage resumption after surgery was measured. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the duration until post-operative bowel gas passage resumption (1.78+/-0.79 days in the ramosetron group, and 2.23+/-0.83 days in the ondansetron group; p=0.005); however, there were no significant differences found in other aspects. CONCLUSION: Ramosetron is superior to ondansetron in terms of faster recovery in bowel mobility, with similar effects in preventing the incidence of PONV.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Benzimidazoles ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Nausea ; Ondansetron ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Serotonin ; Uterine Diseases ; Vomiting

Inverted nipples have shortened lactiferous ducts and less fibrous and collagenous muscular tissue and less connective tissue present, thus giving less bulk and less tissue for nipple projection. Until now, many authors suggested various methods of correction of inverted nipple, but it shows that perfect method does not exist. From July 2008 to December 2010, 41 nipples in 21 patients were treated. 20 patients had bilateral inverted nipples. Under the local anesthesia with sedation, the nipple was everted. A small incision was made on both lateral side at the nipple-areola junction. After nipple traction, the lactiferous ducts and surrounding connective tissues were divided by sharp dissection only through vertical direction. Upper and lower purse-string sutures using Nylon 4-0 were performed for the maintenance of corrected nipple. The small incision was closed by the simple suture. The operation time averaged 15minutes for each nipple. The mean follow-up period was 6 months. There were no complications associated with surgery, such as recurrence, infection, hematoma, nipple necrosis and sensory loss. We applied modified purse-string sutures to mild and moderate inverted nipple patients, and acquired good results. So we report our experience with a review of literature.
Anesthesia, Local ; Breast Diseases ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Nipples ; Nylons ; Recurrence ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Traction

PURPOSE: DiGeorge syndrome (chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome) is a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of the thymus and parathyroid, cardiovascular malformation, immune deficiency, cleft palate, characteristic facial features, and hypocalcemia. Ocular findings of DiGeorge syndrome are posterior embryotoxon, retinal vascular tortuosity, strabismus, ptosis, amblyopia and tilted optic disc. The authors present a case of DiGeorge syndrome with ocular manifestation not reported previously in Korea. Case summary: A six-year old female diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome was referred to the authors' department within the hospital. The chief complaint was blurring vision in both eyes. Best corrected visual acuity of the right eye was 0.5 and of the left eye was 0.63. Cycloplegic refraction revealed high hyperopia and astigmatism in both eyes (OD: +7.25 Dsph; -2.5 Dcyl axis 180degrees, OS: +6.25 Dsph; -3.75 Dcyl axis 180degrees). In addition, hypertelorism, ptosis and tortuous retinal vessels during fundus examination were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Upon the initial diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome in children, a comprehensive ocular examination is necessary because other ocular conditions may exist which can affect the visual development of the patient.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Cleft Palate ; DiGeorge Syndrome ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Hypertelorism ; Hypocalcemia ; Korea ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Strabismus ; Thymus Gland ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

We report a series of 19 consecutive patients with post-traumatic cerebral infarction. Post-traumatic cerebral infarction(PTCI) was diagnosed by CT within 24 hours of admission in 6 cases and up to 14 days after admission in 13 cases of 1092 patients who required cranial CT for trauma during the period. The frequency, vaascular territories, cause, and mortality rate of post traumatic cerebral infarction were discussed.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Mortality

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of capsular retraction in malignant hepatic tumors and the factorsinvolved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1996, we retrospectively reviewed the CT scansof 152 patients with pathologically-proven, peripherally-located, malignant hepatic tumors. We evaluated size,site, portal and hepatic venous obstruction, bile duct dilatation, and liver atrophy in 18 cases involvingcapsular retraction. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of capsular retraction among malignant hepatic tumors was18/152(12%) ; the prevalence was 9/129(7%) in hepatocellular carcinoma, 6/14(43%) in cholangiocarcinoma and3/9(33%) in metastatic cancer ; among cases of cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic cancer, the prevalence washigh(p <0.05). Portal venous obstruction was seen in six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (a high incidence ;p=0.041) and one with cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic venous obstruction was demonstrated in one patient withhepatocellular carcinoma and one with cholangiocarcinoma. Among cholangiocarcinoma patients, bile duct obstructionwas seen in four and liver atrophy in three, but among metastatic cancer cases there were no similar findings. CONCLUSION: The main factors causing capsular retraction were portal venous obstruction in hepatocellularcarcinoma and bile duct obstruction and liver atrophy in cholangiocarcinoma.
Atrophy ; Bile Ducts ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholestasis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow with single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was performed using 99mTc-HMPAO in 16 patients with traumatic subdural hygroma, and we investigated the relationships between the results and the initial clinical findings and clinical outcomes on 4-month after injury. In patients with complex subdural hygroma, improvement of perfusion on follow up SPECT was correlated with the clinical outcome. But in patients with simple subdural hygroma, the clinical outcomes were good regardless of cerebral perfusion on initial SPECT and cerebral hypoperfusion was improved on follow up SPECT in all patients. These results suggested that associated parenchymal injury, initial perfusion of the frontal cortex, and improvement of perfusion on follow up SPECT were good indicators of clinical outcome. In conclusion, HMPAO-SPECT can be helpful in predicting the prognosis and assessing the effect of surgical treatment in patients with traumatic subdural hygroma.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Perfusion ; Prognosis ; Subdural Effusion* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*