With Chira's proposal of building an innovative country and implementing national intellectual property strategy,the rapid development of intellectual property,reward system of science and technology had a profound effect.This article made preliminary discussion from the level of scientific and technological achievements,the evaluation system and the types of science and technology rewards.

Objective To investigate the influence of spleen aminopeptidase lyophilized powder on serum levels of transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF -β1),monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP -1),stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF -1 )in pediatric asthma.Methods 128 patients with asthma were randomly divided into observation group(64 cases)and control group (64 cases).Two groups of children were given symptomatic treat-ment.The control group was orally administered montelukast,the observation group was treated with montelukast and splenic ammonia lyophilized powder for 3 months.The levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the asthma control test table (ACT)score,expiratoryvolume in one second (FEV1 )and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF)in the observation group were (24.25 ± 3.98)points (80.25 ±4.25)%,(7.25 ±0.69)L/min,which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(20.12 ±4.02)points,(75.02 ±3.96)%,(5.82 ±0.70)L/min,t =7.203,6.757,14.459,26.677,P <0.01].After treatment,the serum levels of TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 of the observation group were (42.23 ± 6.02)ng/mL,(48.56 ±3.96)pg/mL,(252.36 ±32.22)ng/L,which were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group [(42.23 ±6.02)ng/mL,(59.02 ±4.22)pg/mL,(425.25 ±40.62)ng/L,t =6.757,14.459,26.677,all P <0.01].Conclusion Montelukast combined with splenic aminopeptidase lyophilized powder for asthma can effec-tively reduce serum TGF -β1,MCP -1,SDF -1 levels and improve clinical symptoms and lung function,improve the treatment of children.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the research hotspots of occupational exposure in healthcare workers at home and abroad Methods in the past decade and future research trends. Based on the Web of Science platform, independent retrievals were performed by two researcher. The number, core authors, keywords, and other contents of articles were analyzed using CiteSpace Results 5.6.R2. A total of 1 066 references on occupational exposure among healthcare workers from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved. These articles were mainly from the United States, Italy, France, Germany, Brazil, England, and China, with 272, 71, 56, 52 and 52 articles, respectively. One hundred and eight core authors, who mainly came from the United States and Korea, contributed 418 papers (39.2%). Current hotspots included human immune deficiency virus (HIV), workplace violence, hand eczema, fluoroscopy, antineoplastic drugs, nervous system, nitrous oxide, assessment, standard precautions, and personal protective equipment. Topics such as percutaneous injury, tuberculosis, guideline, HIV, and burnout are future research trends. Conclusions There is a need to strengthen international cooperation. It´s encouraged to develop guidelines on occupational - exposure protection and to prevent long term chronic occupational exposure, such as antineoplastic drug exposure.

This article statistically analyzes and discusses the problems in national supervision sampling of vertical mode steam sterilizers in 2014. For improving product quality, strengthening the supervision and management, it provides a reference.
Steam ; Sterilization ; methods ; standards

Hypoxia-inducible factor-I is the critical factor existed in mammal and human cells which plays an important role in maintaining the oxygen balance. Many hypoxia-responding genes can be activated by H1F-1. So, the relationship between HIF-land matrix matalloproteinases/stromal-derived factor-I/special CXC chemokin receptor/angiogenesis related factors is the hot spot in research of the tumor invasion and me-tastasis.

Making a statistical analysis of the intellectual property fights in the Science and Technology Awards of Chongqing Municipality from 2005 to 2007 ,we analyzed the effect of the intellectual property rights on the Science and Technology Awards, and also discussed the relationship between the two aspects.

Objective: To describe the non-linear relationship between out-of-pocket ( OOP ) payment and economic growth . Methods: Using logistic smooth transition regression model to analyze the impact of government health expenditure on the non-liner relationship between OOP payment and economic growth. Results:The impact of economic growth on OOP health expenditure is divided into 3 stages:from 1978 to 1996, the influence of economic growth on out-of-pocket payment approaches to highly-efficient mechanism operation;from 1997 to 2008 belongs to the transition period, it stays as low-efficient mechanism operation since 2009. Conclusion: To continue deepening the medical and health system reform and reduce the burden of personal health expenditure.

Objective To discuss the mechanism of growth hormone (GH) in infection and its safety. Methods Advances in the application of GH in infection of recent years were reviewed. Results In infectious patients, GH may promote protein synthesis, strengthen the immunity of body, and protect the integrity of intestinal barrier function. But some patients present GH resistance. The safety of GH for infectious patients needs further evaluation. Conclusion GH may play a supplementary role in infection therapy, but further research is needed.

Objective: To predict the growth trend of total health expenditure in China based on the dynamic relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth. Methods: First, analyze the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth from 1978 to 2011 with the state space model, evaluate the accuracy of the model and predict total health expenditure range from 2012 to 2016 with the status space mode. Results: Up to 2016, the total health expenditure would reach to 5.681 trillion yuan, and the ratio of the expenditure to gross domestic product(GDP) would increase to 5.692%. Conclusion: It is needed to balance the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth.

Objective To evaluate the biological safety of a Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy fabricated by laser solid forming technology.Methods According to the requirements of national standards GB/T16886-2003,YY/T0279-1995 and YY/T0244-1996,general cytotoxicity,acute systemic toxicity,hemolysis testing,oral mucous membrane irritation testing were used to evaluate the alloy.Results The alloy was indicated having no cytotoxicity and with a hemolytic rate of 0.385%.The oral mucous membrane irritation testing showed that the alloy had no mucous membrane irritation.The acute systemic toxicity test indicated that the alloy had no acute systemic toxicity.Conclusion The Ni-62.9Cr-23 alloy has good biological safety in a certain extent.