Objective To explore the factors of the Pilots' social avoidance and distress.Methods 458 pilots were evaluated by Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Cattell's 16 Personality Factors(16-PF),Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ),Life Event Scale(LES).Data were analyzed with SPSS10.0.Results The results showed there were significant relationship between pilots' social avoidance and distress with mental health,personality,social support,trait coping style,life event;the social avoidance(F=3.09,P＜0.05)and the social distress(F=4.05,P＜0.01)of transports were significantly higher than other aircrafts;the social distress of diseases group was higher than the health group(t=2.74,P＜0.01).It was showed in the multiple correlation regression analysis that excitatory,persistency,boldness and disappearing coping style made the greatest contribution to the social avoidance(standardized coefficients are-0.346,0.230,-0.219,0.209 in turn).Disappearing coping style,excitatory,social support and boldness made the greatest contribution to the social distress(standardized coefficients are 0.591,-0.324,0.185,-0.1 29 in turn).Conclusion Personality,trait coping style,social support,mental health,life events,and other psyehosocial factors affected the pilots' social avoidance and distress.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)during emergency PCI.Method:80 patients with PCI were randomized into a study group(tirofiban+PCI group,n=40)and a controlled group(PCI group n=40).Their angiographic characteristics before and after PCI were collected and studied.The in-hospital cardiovascular events and the bleeding complications were assessed.Result:The patients in the study group were recovered with a higher rate of TIMI 3 grade flow than in the controlled group.There was a lower incidence of the in-hospital cardiac events in the study group than that of the control group(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and c-fos in the lcuos cruleus (LC) in a rat model of endotoxic shock.Methods Twentyeight male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =7 each):control group (group C),endotoxic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group L),lowdose dexmedetomidine group (groupLD) and high-dose dexmedetomidine group (group HD).Normal saline 0.5 ml/kg was injected via the tail vein in C and L groups.Dexmedetomidine 0.5 and 4.5μg/kg were injected via the tail vein in group LD and group HD,respectively.Normal saline 0.5 ml/kg was injected via the tail vein 10 min later in C,while LPS 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously 10 min later in the other groups.The rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed for determination of brain water content,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells and expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC by immuno-histochemistry.Results Compared with group C,the brain water content was significantly increased,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was enlarged,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was up-regulated in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The brain water content was significantly lower,the number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was smaller,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was lower in LD and HD groups than in group L (P ＜ 0.05).The number of nNOS and c-fos positive cells in the LC was significantly smaller,and the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC was lower in HD group than in group LD (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can down-regulate the expression of nNOS and c-fos in the LC,which may be one of brain-protective mechanisms of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of endotoxic shock.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of Microendoscopic Discectomy (MED) with love's method for the treatment of lumbar disk herniation. Methods Pre- and postoperative JOA score, the length of incision, blood lost, operative time existed weight of disk, body temperature variation and time on getting out of bed after operation were compared between the MED group and the love's method group randomized 35 cases respectively since December 1999. Results The preoperative JOA scores in the MED group and the love's method group were 12.1?1.8 and 12.1?1.4, respectively (t=0.437, P=0.663); The postoperative JOA scores in both groups were 26.9?1.6 and 26.1?5.3, respectively (t=1.81, P=0.0077); The length of incision were (2.0?0.1)cm and (5.0?0.6)cm, respectively (t=26.72, P

0.05) except during the 24 th hour postoperative period.During the 0.5 h postoperative period,the average total amount of injections of morphine was statistically lower in the ropivacaine group(control 15.8?23.9 ?g/kg versus ropivacaine 2.4?10.9 ?g/kg;P

Objective To evaluate the quality of clinical trials about acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in China.Methods Literature of clinical trials of acupuncture was collected and analyzed,evaluated by the randomized controlled test criteria and the clinical assessing method in Cochrane handbook of international Cochrane cooperation net.Results Sixteen literatures were brought in.87.5% of the included literature had no clear description of random methods,and no allocation concealment,use of blind methods,sample size calculation,intention-to-treat analysis.Among them,62.5% had explicit diagnosis criteria,12.5% with correct randomizing method,62.5% with explicit evaluation criteria,however,31.22% with no words referring to the comparability among the groups.Conclusions Though acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied in prevention and treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency,it can not provide evidences of higher reliability for clinical treatment due to less clinical randomized controlled tests and lower quality,which severely hinder testing and verifying of clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture and moxibustion.It is proposed that multiple central and randomized controlled test should be made,so as to search for feasible acupuncture and moxibustion methods with definite therapeutic effect for vertebrobasilar insufficiency,and provide basis for further systematical evaluation.

Objective To elucidate the neurological m ec hanism of the referred pains in pelvic floor from prostate and the relationship between pain from prostate and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Meth ods The prostate was electrically stimulated,and the elicited action potentials were recorded from iliohypogastric,ilioinguinal,genitofemoral,latera l femoral cutaneous,femoral,sciatic nerves,and compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were recorded from anal external sphincter. Results Action potentials were elicited principally in the genitofemoral nerve (93 .3%),ilioinguinal nerve (55.5%);the action potentials of the genitofemoral nerve were not influenced by transaction of the cervical spinal cord,whereas they dis appeared immediately after rat death; the action potentials were reduced conside rably after destruction of the lumbosacral sympathetic trunks.CMAPs were elicite d in the anal external sphincter in 93.3% of the rats (14/15). Conc lusions Electrical stimulation of the prostate induced reflex discha rges in the nerves to perineal,pelvic floor areas.It was postulated that the ref lex discharges are related to muscle contraction leading to referred pain in the perineal,pelvic floor areas.Pain from prostate is correlated significantly with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of different trough concentrations of vancomycin in patients.Methods A retrospective study in patients having at least one trough concentration of vancomycin for enrollment between January 2009 and December 2013 was carried out.The eligibility patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of trough concentrations namely group A (＜ 10 mg/L),Group B (10 ～ 15 mg/L),and Group C (＞ 15 mg/L).The clinical efficacy,clearance of pathogens and in-hospital mortality were analyzed with the help of SPSS Statistics 17.0.The comparison of dosing days,length of hospital stay and time consumed from initial dosing to the appearance of recovery signs of survivors among the 3 groups.Results There were no significant difference among 3 groups in terms of clinical efficacy (55.6％ vs.33.3％ vs.51.7％),clearance of pathogens (38.9％ vs.25％ vs.24.1％) and in-hospital mortality (44.4％ vs.25％ vs.27.6％).After adjusting by age,the in-hospital mortality decreased along with the trough concentrations vancomycin.Along with increase in the trough concentrations vancomycin,the dosing day (14.90 ± 6.44 vs.18.75 ± 7.23 vs.17.93 ± 9.42) and length of hospitalization [(33.70 ± 18.17) vs.(79 ±45.53) vs.(66.20 ±52.48)] increased,and time required from dosageinitial dosing to the appearance of recovery signs of survivors among the 3 groups [(4.82 ± 2.62) vs.(3.75 ± 0.50) vs.(4.07 ± 3.20)] shortened.Conclusions Improving the trough concentrations of vancomycin could not increase clinical efficacy rate or bacterial clearance rate,but could lower in-hospital mortality.However,it might enhance the financial burden on patients as well.

Objective To evaluate positive p-mTOR expression and its significance in gastric cancer.Methods Original studies published for the correlation between p-mTOR and clinicopathological parameters as well as prognostic significance were enrolled from Cohrane Library,Pubmed,EMbase database and CBM,CNKI.Analyses were performed by software REVMAN 5.0.Age,gender,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,type were analyzed using pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95％ confidence interval (CI),and OS were analyzed using pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95％ CI.Results Seven studies including 2 477 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in the meta analysis.p-mTOR expression was positive in 1 089 of the cases.p-mTOR positive expression was correlated with age,OR =0.74,95％ CI:0.62-0.89,dcpth of invasion OR =0.76,95％ CI:0.60-0.97,lymph node metastasis,OR =1.95,95％ CI:1.59-2.39,TNM stage,OR =0.57,95％ CI:0.38-0.84,type,OR =0.64,95％ CI:0.50-0.83,and OS,HR =1.86,95％ CI:1.60-2.16.Gastric cancer patients with p-mTOR positive expression tend to be younger,had a higher risk of lymphatic invasion,later TNM stage and poor prognosis.Its positive expression had no relation with the gender.Conclusion p-mTOR positive expression is a significant predictor for advanced TNM stage,more lymph node metastasis,intestinal type and poorer OS.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare nimodipine-loaded nanoemulsion(NimNE) suitable for intranasal administration and preliminary investigate their physical and chemical properties and brain tissue targeting. METHODS: Nanoemulsion were prepared using titration method and characterized for viscosity, pH, globule size and size distributions, Zeta potential and ciliotoxicity. Biodistribution of NimNE and Nim solution in the brain tissue and plasma of rats following intranasal and intravenous administrations were examined using HPLC. RESULTS: The optimal nanoemulsion formulation consisted of isopropyl myristate(IPM), solutol® HS-15/glycerin(4:1) and water and were transparent and stable with mean globule size between 20 to 30 nm and almost no ciliotoxicity. After intranasal (in) administration of NimNE at a dose of 2 mg·kg-1, the ratios of AUC in brain tissues to that in plasma obtained after nasal administration were significantly higher than those after iv administration in 240 min. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the nanoemulsion system is a promising approach for intranasal delivery of Nim to brain tissue. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.