OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative virtual CT endoscopy about the simple congenital middle ear malformations and its clinical application. METHOD: Thirteen cases (16 ears) with simple congenital middle ear malformations were undergone high resolution CT scannig to collect the original image data, followed by 3-dimensional reconstruction to process the images to evaluate the possible lesions of the ossicular chain. Then, a comparative analysis was made between the finding of virtual CT endotoscopic and the finding that actually found during the operation of the ossicular chain lesions. RESULT: We found malleus and upper strcture of incus abnormity or embeded in upper inner wall of atticus in 5 ears; malleus, incus and stape all abnormity or absence in 3 ears, in the former two conditions we both selected auricular incision through attic pathway remaining intact canal wall; we found crus longum incudis hypoplasia orstructure suprastapedialis absence,stapes aberrance or absence in 8 ears, then we selected vestibular window fenestration and artificial stapes surgery. Postoperative external auditory canals and tympanic membranes were intact in 16 ears,and speech frequency hearing improved by average of 25-45 dB. The coincidence between virtual CT endoscopy and the ossicular chain abnormity under operating views were 100% in cases with congenital ear deformity. CONCLUSION Virtual CT endoscopy is a reliable reference for preoperative evaluation on congenital middle ear malformations.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

The general system of clinical engineering professional certification in Germany was introduced from the aspects of history, certification authority, requirement of certification, skills and knowledge points, methods of implementation and so on. Through comparative study, some suggestions were proposed to promote clinical engineering staff technology level assessment and certification, which might provide some references for the further improvement of clinical engineering certification system in China.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis endemic situation at a national surveillance site in Gong an Coun-ty Hubei Province. Methods According to The Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in China the schistosome infection rates of residents and cattle and the Oncomelaniahupensissnail status were investigated yearly in Zhangjiahu Village a nation-al surveillance site in Gong an County from 2004 to 2013. Results From 2004 to 2013 the human schistosome infection rates decreased from 10.66%to 0.58% and the cattle schistosome infection rates from 12.75%to 0. Meanwhile the snail areas and densities reduced and the schistosome infected snails were eliminated. Conclusion The schistosomiasis endemic situa-tion declined dramatically at the surveillance site and schistosomiasis is well-controlled.

Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection plays an important role in the development of gastric carcinoma. Colonization of CagA-positive Hp is a great risk for intestinal gastric carcinoma. The mechanism of Hp infection changing the gastric epithelium at the molecular level is complex and through multiple pathways. Animal models can be of great help in exploring the role of Hp infection in gastric cancer development. This paper reviewed the latest studies of epidemiology, animal model and molecular pathogenesis of Hp associated gastric cancer.

The effect of triptolide (TP) on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was explored in rat adjuvant induced arthritis (AA). AA was induced in Wistar rats. Arthritis rats were treated with TP and methotrexate (MTX) at the onset (day 9) of arthritis. On the peak of arthritis (day 24), the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the joints and RANKL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was detected. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in peripheral blood were determined. Bone erosion scores were also evaluated. The results showed that bone erosion scores in TP and MTX groups were lower than in AA group (P < 0.01); The expression levels of RANKL in the synovium (P < 0.01) and bone (P < 0.05), and OPG level in synovium (P < 0.05) were lower in TP group than in AA group (P < 0.05). In TP group, the expression levels of RANKL mRNA and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in PBMC were lower than in AA group (all P < 0.01). It was concluded that TP could inhibit rat adjuvant arthritis bone erosion by suppressing the expression of RANKL.

Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.

Objective To investigate the combination of compound anisodine and physical therapy in the treatment of amblyopia,and its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 300 outpatients with amblyopia(3 to 14 years old) were randomly and equally divided into treatment group and control group.In the treatment group,subcutaneous injection of compound anisodine(2 ml,once per day) to the superficial temporal artery of eye was given for a course of 14 d and followed by another course after 5 days'interval.Cover treatment was carried out at the same time.The control group was only treated with physical therapy.Vision,central retinal artery peak systolic velocity(PSV) and diastolic resistance index(RI) were measured during the 3 months' follow-up.Results The 3 to 6-year-old efficiency was 75.0%,7 to 9-year-old efficiency was 69.6%,and 10 to 14-year-old efficiency was 61.1% ;The difference of efficiency between therapy group and control group was very significant(P0.05).Conclusion Compound anisodine plus physical therapy for amblyopia at different ages and varying degrees are effective and safe.The mechanism may be due to enhanced retinal blood supply.

Objective To investigate the value of high frequency color doppler ultrasound for screening thyroid diseases in physi-cal examination people .Methods The detectable information of thyroid diseases using high frequency color doppler ultrasound in 1 413 physical examination people was analyzed .Results A total of 588 cases of the 1 413 people were detected to have thyroid dis-eases with positive rate of 41 .61% ,and the detectable rate increased with aging .The positive rate of female (349 cases ,54 .96% ) was statistically higher than that of male(239 cases ,30 .72% ) .Within the 588 people ,111 cases were diagnosed as diffused thyroid diseases and 488 cases were diagnosed as thyroid nodules by high frequency color doppler ultrasound .Twenty cases were confirmed to have thyroid carcinoma by pathologic examination ,with 3 males and 17 females .Twelve lesions were less than 1 .0 cm in diameter and were diagnosed as microcarcinoma .The smallest lesion was 6 mm × 5 mm .Conclusion The high frequency color doppler ultra-sound was useful in screening for thyroid diseases ,especially for carcinoma ,and should be used as routine examination item .

The radix,leaf,flower and bud of raw medicinal materials and extraction of total alkaloids of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.were all involved in this investigation.All the compositions from the samples were analyzed through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with second derivative IR spectroscopy and two-dimensional IR correlation spectroscopy (2D-IR).It was found that the spectra of raw medicinal materials showed that the radix of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.featuring a large quantity of starch was the same as starch with the characteristic peaks at 1,155,1,070 and 1,019.The leaf,flower and bud contained the similar aromatic hydrocarbons (1,600),glycosides (1,050-1,070),while lipids were not clear.The characteristic peaks of the buds,flowers and leaves were all at 1,595 cm-1 (vibration of phenyl framework) and 1,262 cm-1 (=C-O).Therefore,it was suggested that the common compound of the three parts be diterpenoid alkaloids.Second derivative IR spectroscopy showed that the characteristic peaks of radix was stronger than those of the flower,leaf and bud at 1,712 cm-1 (C=O),which proved that the quantity of characteristic peaks in the radix was larger than those in the flower,leaf and bud.In addition,six autopeaks at 1,745,1,650,1,560 (the most strong),1,465,1,400,1,300 were detected from the radix.The similar autopeaks at 1,745,1,650,1,560 (the most strong),1,465,1,400,1,300 were found in the leaf,bud and flower.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the macro-fingerprint infrared spectroscopic identification method provided a large quantity of the comprehensive information and entirely grasped the quality of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.Besides,FTIR and 2D-IR provided massive information of the integral structures of the radix,leaf,flower and bud of A.kusnezoffii Reichb.and verified the differences between the four parts of the herb in physical structure and the contents,laying a foundation for further systematic work.

Objective To explore the correlation of patient-controlled sedation of dexmedetomidine and Narcotrend values. Methods Forty patients with lower limb surgery were enrolled. Until CSEA block fixed , the electronic pump ran the patient-controlled sedation of dexmedetomidine. The parameter of electronic pump was set as follows: load dose 2 mL + background dose 1.5 mL/h + single dose 0.5 mL + locktime 20 s. The heart rate , mean arterial pressure, pressing times, effective times, OAA/S sedation scores and NI values were determined. Results At T4 point, the patients reached appropriate sedation. At T4 ~ T9 OAA/S scores kept 3 to 4. From T5 point, NI values showed significant decrease. After the T7 point. OAA/S scores and NI values reached the plateau time of (7.5 ± 1.8) min and (13.1 ± 3.4) min, OAA/S scores of 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, corresponding roughly with NI values 95 to 100, 90 to 94, 65 to 89, 40 to 64. The correlation coefficient was 0.58. The time of NI values significant decreased in the younger group and in the elderly group, with (10.2 ± 1.6) min and (14.4 ± 2.2) min. In T5~ T9 point, NI values of the younger group were significantly lower than those in the elderly group. Conclusion Relevant relationships are observed between dexmedetomidine patient-controlled sedation depth and the narcotrend values under CSEA.