Objective:To approach the variation and relation of serum IL-6、IL-4 with IaAg on lung alveolus macrophage cell face in MODS rats,to illuminate the roles of proinflammatory/antiinflammatory balance and immune stage in MODS pathogenesis. Methods:MODS rat modes were established by intraperitoneally injected with low-lose zymosan after rats were subjected to 12 hours of instestine ischemia-reperfusion. Serum levels of IL-6、IL-4 and expressinon of IaAg were determined by Enzyme-Linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA). Results:Compared with rats of sham-operated group,those of model group showed manifest pathological change in all important organs after 6 hours. Followed by time after injury,serum levels of IL-6、IL-4 in model group were increased gradually. Expression of IaAg on lung alveolus macrophage cell face decreased gradually. Conclusion:During MODS serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine(IL-6) and antiinflammatory cytokine(IL-4) increased significantly. In earlier period,proinflammatory response predominated. In later stage antiinflammatory response prevailed. Disequilibrium of the two resulted in the development of MODS. Immunosupression developed later. At this time antiinflammatory response gained advantage. The ratio of IL-6 to IL-4 was related closedly to the degree of Immunosupression.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of thermal and mechanical cycling on the metal-ceramic bond strength of machine-milled Ti2448 alloy and commercial pure titanium (cp Ti).

METHODSCeramic-cp Ti (n = 30) specimens and ceramic-Ti2448 combinations (n = 30) were prepared in accordance with ISO 9693. The specimens from each metal-ceramic combination were randomly divided into three subgroups. In group A or the control group, the specimens were only stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 °C; in groups B and C, the specimens were subjected to 3,000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5 and 55 °C for a dwell time of 60 s and to mechanical cycling of 20,000 or 40,000 cycles with 50 N load and 4 Hz in distilled water at 37 °C. A crack initiation test was performed using a universal testing machine in accordance with ISO 9693. Failure types at the metal-ceramic interface and the morphological and elemental composition of this interface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Statistical analysis was performed via two-way ANOVA and Tukey's adjustment test (α = 0.05).

RESULTSThe bond strength of the ceramic-Ti2448 combination was significantly higher than that of the ceramic-cp Ti combination regardless of fatigue conditions (44.86 MPa ± 1.75 MPa and 29.21 MPa ± 2.20 MPa for Ti2448 and cp Ti, respectively; P < 0.01). The mean bond strengths of ceramic-cp Ti and ceramic-Ti2448 combinations in group C were significantly lower than that of group A (P < 0.01). Although ceramic-cp Ti combination failed adhesively at the metal-ceramic interface without the ceramic on the substrate surface, Ti2448 frameworks exhibited cohesive failure; as a result, large amounts of residual porcelain were retained on the specimens.

CONCLUSIONThe metal-ceramic bond strength of cp Ti and Ti2448 is decreased by thermal and mechanical cycling.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of reconstructing the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of knee joint with al-lografttendon and autogenous tendon transplantation. Methods 130 patients with anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of knee fractured were randomly divided into two groups:the observation group were given allogeneic tendon transplantation while the control group were autol-ogous tendon transplantation. Observed the clinical efficacy of the two groups. Results The operation time of the observation group was ob-viously less than control group(P<0. 05); there was no statistically significant difference in the IKDC of the observation group compared with the control group (P>0. 05);the Lysholm and Tengner score of the two groups were significantly higher compared with the preoperative scores with a statistically significant difference (P<0. 05), but there was no statistically significant difference between Lysholm scoreand Tengner score of the two groups after operation(P>0. 05). Conclusion Allogeneic tendon transplantation has similar curative effect with autologous tendon transplantation, both of them are good transplantation material for anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments reconstruction.

Objective To observe the level changes of serum interleukin-18(IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in alcohol liver disease of rats.Methods The dose of 56% alcohol [5～9 g/(kg?d)] was administeredvia gastrolavage once daily for 12 weeks in ALD model rats.The control rats were grven the same volume of saline.The rats were killed at the end of 4,8,12W.The pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the levels of IL-18 and TNF-? in serum was determined with ELISA.Results The tissues of model rats showed various changes of chronic alcohol liver disease at the end of 4,8,12W,such as: fatty degeneration,inflammatory changes and fibrosis.The levels of ALT and AST in models were obviously higher than those of the controls(P

Objective To observe the marker effects of two different fluorescent dyes, DIL and DAPI, in labeling endogenous neural stem cells (ENSCs) in rat central nervous system. Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into staining groups, comprising DIL group and DAPI group, and the corresponding control groups, including DMSO group for DIL group and PBS group for DAPI group. 0.2% DIL 10μl or 10μg/ml DAPI 10μl was stereotactically injected into the lateral ventricle of rats of DIL group or DAPI group, while DMSO or PBS 10μl was introduced into that of DMSO group or PBS group. Neurological severity score (NSS) was determined 2 hours and 24 hours respectively after the operation. Rats were sacrificed at day 1, 3, 7 after the injection. Serial coronal sections of the brain and spinal cord were carried out on a cryostat, and then they were observed under a confocal microscope. The fluorescence intensity of the targeted area, which highlighted by labeled ependymal cells, in the brain and spinal cord of cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae were semi-quantified. Fluorescence intensity of each section was measured in triplicate, and a mean value was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed on 3 data sets, randomly selected from sections of brain and spinal cord obtained at day 1, 3, 7. Results Two hours after DIL injection, the rats showed no evident neurological defect. NSS value was very low, and there was no significant difference compared with the DMSO group (P>0.05). Twenty-four hours later, normal neurological function recovered in all the rats. Red fluorescence could be seen in the cytoplasm of ependymal cells in the lateral ventricle and each spinal cord segment at day 1 after the DIL injection, and it did not disappear until the 7th day. Nuclei of DAPI-labeled lateral ventricle cells were blue, with clear nuclear morphology. Choroid plexus cells of the ventricle were also labeled. However, there was no blue fluorescence in the medulla oblongata or any segment ofthe spinal cord. The picture at day 3 and day 7 was similar to that of day 1. No significant difference was found between fluorescence intensity in DIL or DAPI stained cells(P>0.05) at any time point. Conclusions DIL may serve as a marker of the cytoplasm of ependymal cells in the brain ventricle and spinal central canal. DAPI, which is often used in the nuclear staining, can label the ENSCs in the brain ventricle. Intraventricular injection of fluorescent dye is a relatively safety procedure.

ObjectiveTo study the method about language rehabilitation for Broca aphasis with bucco-facial apraxia in hemiplebies after stroke.Methods55 patients in hemiplegies after stroke who were diagnoised Broca aphasia with bucco-facial-apraxia by Chinese standard language test of aphasia and apraxia test,were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group(30 cases) and control group(25 cases). The trainning about language rehabilitation and occupational therapy(OT)to bucco-facial-apraxia were given in the treatment group, while in the control group the language rehabilitation training were given only. Evaluation was done in pre-treatment and post-treatment respectively.ResultsThe improvement of bucco-facial-apraxia and language expression function(repetition,speech and speech-reading) of treatment group were significant than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The OT for bucco-facial-apraxia may obviously improved bucco-facial-apraxia and language expression function on training of language rehabilitation for Broca aphasia with bucco-facial-apraxia.

Objective To observe whether the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) which carry BMP-2/Tet-on genes and are microcapsulated by alginate polylysine alginate (APA) and seeded onto calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds can express bone morphogenetic proteins-2(BMP-2) and secrete collagen proteins.Methods The BMSCs from rats were prepared,transfected with adenoviruses carrying BMP-2/Tet-on genes,and then microcapsulated by APA.Eight porous CPC scaffolds were prepared and mounted onto a 12-hole plate.The experiment was conducted in 3 groups,with 4 parallel specimens in each group.Microcapsulated BMSCs with the target gene were seeded onto the CPC scaffolds in the experimental group; the transfected BMSCs were seeded into the plate holes as positive controls; APA microcapsules without cells were seeded onto the CPC scaffolds as blank controls.The culture medium in each group was taken for ELISA examination on 3,6,9 and 12 days to evaluate the BMP-2 concentrations respectively.The samples in the experimental group were fixed,sliced and dyed to observe secretion of collagen.Results On 3,6,9 and 12 days after culture,the BMP-2 concentrations were 4713.98 ± 178.50 μg/mL,3288.85 ± 194.38 μg/mL,1292.25 ± 300.11 μg/mL and 337.19 ± 84.49 μg/mL respectively in the experimental group; 4663.87 ±242.99 μg/mL,3250.67 ±293.72 μg/mL,1276.74 ± 157.10 μg/mL and 293.65 ±92.48 μg/mL respectively in the positive controls; 105.14 ± 10.93 μg/mL,91.42 ± 18.00 μg/mL,89.63 ± 12.99 μg/mLand 108.72 ± 23.90 μg/mL respectively in the blank controls.There were significant differences between the 3 groups at each same time point (P ＜ 0.05).The blank controls were significantly different from both the experimental group and the positive controls (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the positive controls (P ＞ 0.05).Collagen fibrils were observed by optic microscopy in the sections of the experimental group.Conclusion As microcapsulated BMSCs can survive in CPC scaffolds and express a significant amount of BMP-2 and secrete collagen proteins as expected,they can be used for further experiments in vivo.

Animals ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology

Objective To compare the positive rates and complications of ultrasound?guided transperi?neal and transrectal prostate biopsies with 12+X method. Methods From January 2011 to January 2015,252 cases patients underwent ultrasound?guided prostate biopsies with 12+X method for suspected prostate carcinoma were selected as research subjects,including 114 cases were perineal puncture( transperineal group) and 138 ca?ses were transrectal puncture( transrectal group) . The positive rates and complications of biopsy were compared between the two groups. Results The positive rates in the transperineal and transrectal groups were 43. 5%( 50/114) and 41. 3%( 57/138) ,and there was no significant difference( P>0. 05) . No statistically significant differ?ences were observed between the two groups according to different PSA levels(≤4. 0,>4. 0-≤10. 0,>10. 0-≤20. 0,>20. 0 μg/L) ( P>0. 05) . There were no significant differences between two groups in complications such as:hematuria,lower urinary tract symptoms and acute urinary retention( P>0. 05) . The incidence rates of post?biopsy infection and rectal bleeding were remarkably lower(2. 6%(3/114) vs. 13. 0%(18/138),1. 8%( 2/114) vs. 11. 6%( 6/138) ,P=0. 005,0. 002) in transperineal group than in transrectal group. However,the perineal swelling rate was remarkably higher in the transperineal group than that in the transrectal group( 8. 8%( 10/114) vs. 0. 7%( 11/138) ,P=0. 003) . Conclusion Ultrasound?guided transperineal and transrectal pros?tate biopsies with 12+X method are both effective for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. The positive rates of the two approaches are similar,but the complications are different. The choice between the two approaches depended on the clinical features of the patients.

Objective Through analyzing nursing course-teaching plans of 10 representative higher vocational colleges,to realize advantages of the curriculum implementation and contents to be improved from the practical teaching perspective,to review the application of China's educational objectives as well as to provide the reasonable choice and practical support for deepened teaching reforms.Methods Statistical models were employed in analyzing 10 colleges' class hours and course composition.The results were compared with relative guidance documents in national scope.Results All 10 colleges' practical teaching relevant indicators exceeded the national criteria in running higher vocational colleges,but deviations were appeared in response of the national guidance of the nursing education,especially in clinical clerkship.Conclusions The quality guarantee of nursing course-teaching should be improved.A national policy should be implemented to combine the professional education accreditation with the nursing practitioner admittance,apply the minimum professional education standards to achieve the educational quality guarantee and guidance in each level.