Purpose: This descriptive survey study aimed to examine the effects of grit, social support, job crafting, and evidence-based practice competency on job satisfaction among nurses. Methods: The participants of this study were 211 clinical nurses with experience of more than six months. Data were collected using through an online survey from February 1 to February 17, 2023. The questionnaires was consisted of general characteristics, grit, social support, job crafting, evidence-based practice competency, and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics(frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. Results: The average scores of the main variables were 3.08±0.44 out of four for grits, 3.67±0.52 out of five for social support, 4.20±0.64 out of five for job crafting, 4.84±0.71 out of seven for evidence-based practice competency, and 3.72±0.55 out of five for job satisfaction. In the regression model, the factors affecting the nurses’ job satisfaction were grit (β=0.66, p<.001) and social support (β=0.11, p=.046), which explained 78.7% of the variance in job satisfaction. Job crafting and evidence-based practice competency were correlated with job satisfaction; however, there was no statistically significant effects of these variables on job satisfaction. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, grit and social support showed the most significant effects on the job satisfaction of nurses. Therefore, active support is needed to develop a strategy to improve nurses’ grit and to create a supportive work environment, which would be helpful to increase their job satisfaction.

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Although diarrhea is the most common manifestation, PMC may be associated with intraperitoneal fluid accumulation in the severe cases. And a few cases showing both ascites and pleural effusion have been reported in patients with PMC. We report a case of PMC who showed elevated serum and ascites levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with a normal CEA level in pleural effusion and who successfully recovered after oral administration of metronidazole. After treatment, the serum CEA level returned to the reference range.
Administration, Oral ; Ascites ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Diarrhea ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous* ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Mortality ; Pleural Effusion ; Reference Values

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is the major ingredient of over-the-counter drugs, including diet pills and nasal decon-gestants. We present a case of ICH induced by PPA in diet pills in a 36-year-old woman. She didn't have any medical concerns when she began taking diet pills, containing PPA, since 10 days before admission. A brain CT showed large ICHs on the right basal ganglia and lateral ventricle. Physicians should be alerted to the potential fatal side effects of PPA, in commonly used OTC drugs. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(3):298~301, 2001)
Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Phenylpropanolamine*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the immediate effects of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution on tear MUC5AC concentration and corneal wetting property in rabbit eyes. METHODS: Six New Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. Fifteen minutes after instilling 50 microL of 3% diquafosol into the right eye of each rabbit and 50 microL of saline into the left eye, corneal wetting property, tear MUC5AC concentrations and the area of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained conjunctival goblet cells were evaluated under general anesthesia using conjunctival impression cytology. Corneal wetting property was evaluated by measuring the duration from when the image of the microscopic light beam was clear on the corneal surface immediately after blinking to when the image began to blur. RESULTS: The mean time of corneal wetting property was 86.40 (+/- 17.90) seconds in the diquafosol group and 49.00 (+/- 6.35) seconds in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.043). The mean concentration of tear MUC5AC was significantly higher in the diquafosol group (18.21 +/- 1.52 ng/mL) than the control group (12.75 +/- 1.82 ng/mL; p = 0.028). Conjunctival impression cytology showed the area of PAS-stained conjunctival goblet cells was significantly lower in the diquafosol group (23.17 +/- 0.05%) than the control group (32.49 +/- 0.08%; p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Immediately after instilling 3% diquafosol, corneal wetting property improved significantly. Also tear MUC5AC concentration, which was released from conjunctival goblet cells increased compared to saline.
Anesthesia, General ; Blinking ; Goblet Cells ; Rabbits* ; Tears

The intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate and cytarabine arabinoside is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of the primary central nervous system lymphoma. The therapy may induce neurotoxicity including the cauda equina syndrome. We report a case of a 58-year-old man with the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, who developed the cauda equina syndrome after the administration of intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine arabinoside, as diagnosed by the electrodiagnostic, urodynamic, and radiologic approaches.
Cauda Equina ; Central Nervous System ; Cytarabine ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Methotrexate ; Polyradiculopathy ; Urodynamics

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of silicone radial head prosthesis for treatment of comminuted radial head fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients who had taken a radial head replacement with a silicone prosthesis from November 2001 to April 2004 were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 49.1 years old when they sustained a fracture of the radial head or neck. There were two Mason type III fractures and five Mason type IV fractures. Associtated injuries were a variant of Monteggia fracture, Essex-Lopresti injuries and a capitellum fracture. Mean follow-up was 20.3 months. The clinical outcome was analized by Mayo Elbow Performance Index. RESULTS: Overall outcome was that two cases were excellent, four cases were good and one case was fair. There were complications which included limitation of motion, radioulnar synostosis and proximal migration of radius. CONCLUSION: The silicone radial head prosthesis was found to be recommendable treatment option for patients with Mason type III and IV radial head fractures which were difficult to be reconstructed.
Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Head* ; Humans ; Monteggia's Fracture ; Neck ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Radius ; Silicones* ; Synostosis

The study aim was to investigate the antihypertensive effect after oral supplementation of dried radish leaves powder (DRLP). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) by the tail cuff method after a 4-week diet with DRLP at the level of 2.5% or 5%. The supplementation of DRLP decreased SBP of SHR although the 5% supplementation level did not show any more pronounced effect than the 2.5% level did. The decrease in the SBP observed for both 2.5% and 5% DRLP was accompanied by significant increases of the urinary Na and K excretion. The DRLP supplementation showed a potent ACE-inhibitory activity in pulmonary tissue from both hypertensive and normotensive rats. However, the DRLP supplementation did not affect the SBP in normotensive rats. These results indicated that DRLP exerted an antihypertensive effect in SHR due to the decreased ACE activity and increased urinary Na excretion.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Hypertension ; Raphanus ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Tail

BACKGROUND: By determining the reasons why patients with diabetes did not take diabetes educationand by analyzingthe characteristics of these patients, this study aimed to provide baseline data to improvediabetes education participation rates. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 56 patients who had been hospitalized for diabetes treatment and who had refused to take the prescribed diabetes education. The reasons for refusing diabetes education and the level of diabetes knowledge were evaluated. Medical records were also reviewed to determine the subjects' hemoglobin A1c test results. RESULTS: The most common reason for rejecting diabetes education was 'previous experiencewith diabetes education.' The subjects also refused diabetes educations due to cost and an impression that they already have sufficient diabetes knowledge. The patients who refused the education due to expenses were among the lower income group, and 80 percent of patients who had received diabetes educationin the past declined the education because of their previous experience. CONCLUSION: In order to increase the participation rates of diabetes education, it is important that patients recognize the significance of ongoing diabetes education. Furthermore, to eliminate the cost problems, national efforts are required such as promoting National Health Insurance coverage to includediabetes education as well as expanding the patients' opportunities for receiving qualified diabetes education with systematic and standardized education materials for free.
Academic Medical Centers* ; Compliance* ; Education* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; National Health Programs

We experienced a case of Xq deletion -- 46,X,del(X)(q22.3) -- detected by abnormal noninvasive prenatal screening, subsequently diagnosed by amniocentesis. Genetic counseling was a challenge because there are few reports of prenatal diagnosis of Xq deletion. In each female cell, one X chromosome is inactivated at random early in development, and there may be a preferential inactivation of the abnormal X chromosome. But some proportions of genes escape inactivation. The most common manifestation in women with Xq deletion is primary or secondary ovarian failure. Critical regions for ovarian function may be located at the long arm of the X chromosome. But, the onset and the severity of ovarian failure may vary with diverse, intricate factors. We anticipate that noninvasive prenatal screening can identify the broader range of chromosomal or genetic abnormalities with the advances in technology and analytic methods. We report our case with a brief review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Correct transfusion of blood product to the right patient requires multiple processes. Errors occurring in the pre-transfusion checking step can result in a serious incident. The role of patients in the safe blood transfusion practice has been investigated. METHODS: We have adopted patient involvement in bedside checking using patient's signature since 2010. We conducted a retrospective review of transfusion medical records during January 2013. The signatures of doctors, nurses, and patients were audited and the reasons for omitting patient's signature were examined. RESULTS: The practice of patient's signature was performed after the problems of procedures were improved. A total of 4697 blood products for 576 patients were issued. The first transfused products were 426 units of RBC (74.0%), 56 units of platelet (9.7%), and 34 units of fresh frozen plasma (5.9%). Completion of patient's signature was observed in 336 patients (63.5%). The reason for omitting patient's signature was operation (104, 18.1%), unclear consciousness or sedation (75, 13.0%), and neonate or infancy (7, 1.2%). CONCLUSION: Patient involvement in the pre-transfusion checking process by writing down the patient's own signature could be achievable. In case of no patient's signature as with an operation, sedation, and neonate or infancy, specific attention is required to ensure a safe transfusion practice.
Blood Platelets ; Blood Transfusion ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Plasma ; Retrospective Studies ; Writing