Objective To analyze the correlationship of ACE I/D gene polymerphisms with the anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among essential hypertension (EH) patients in Yunnan han people.Methods One hundred EH patients hypertension were treated with irbesartan 150mg once daily for 4 weeks,and anti-hypertensive efficacy were monitored during the treatment.Results There was a significant difference between anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among different genotype groups,DD group ＞ID group ＞Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions There is different therapy responsiveness in diffenent genotypes.ACE I/D polymorphism may be an important hereditary factor that impacts the efficacy of irbesartan.

OBJECTIVETo study the active constituents from Alternanthera philoxeroides.

METHODThe constituents were isolated with silica gel and Toyopearl HW-40C gel column chromatography and purified by HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated and identified as phaeophytin a (1), pheophytin a' (2), oleanoic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), 3beta-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (5), alpha-spinasterol (6), 24-methylenecycloartanol (7), cycloeucalenol (8), phytol (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1,2,5,7-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Amaranthaceae ; chemistry ; Chlorophyll ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phytol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phytosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To explore the relationship between the diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients to reveal the relationship between macroangiopathy and microangiopathy in diabetic patients further. Methods One hundred and tweenty-three diabetic cases in patient chosen from 2008 to 2009 were divided into diabetic retinopathy group(DR) and non-diabetic retinopathy group(NDR) by fundus examination. The patients were asked about their disease history including durations, smoking and so on. Meanwhile the carotid artery IMT, systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), body mass index(BMI) were measured of all the cases. The incidence of increased carotid artery IMT was cmpared with χ2 test, as well as the average IMT between the two groups, the influencing factors artery IMT was 50.98%(26/51) in DR group, and 33.33%(24/72) in NDR group, having a statistically significant showed the diabetic retinopathy risk factors were smoking(χ2=6.20, P<0.05), duration(t=-4.13, P<0.01). carotid artery IMT(t=-2.21, P<0.05), SBP(t=-2.37, P<0.05), and HDL-cholesterol(t=4.49, all P<0.01). 12.77, all P<0.01), carotid artery 1MT and smoking(χ2=6.05,4.15, all P<0.05). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients complicated with DR have a prominent increase in IMT thickening proportion and average IMT, which reveals the relationship between the DR and the IMT.

PURPOSE: In the 1970s, male sterilization (vasectomy) has been performed on a large scale as an accepted method of family planning in Korea. Since then, especially during last decade, there has been an increase in the number of patients requesting vasovasostomy after a long term interval following a vasectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 153 cases of vasovasostomy performed, 10 years or more after a vasectomy, at the Pusan National University Hospital between March 1983 and March 2002. Clinical data were collected through telephone interviews and a survey of medical records. RESULTS: The ages at the time of reversal ranged from 30 to 57, with an average of 41.6 years. The obstructive intervals ranged from 10 to 24, with an average of 17.0 years. To the cases were divided into 3 the obstructive intervals; 10 to 14, 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 years, with 130 (85.0%), 15 (9.8%) and 8 cases (5.2%), respectively. The overall patency and pregnancy rates were 81.6 and 36.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences according to the methods of vasovasostomy, suture materials, ooze from the proximal vasal end, the presence of sperm granuloma, the levels of anastomosis or the age of patients, with the exception of the ages of the partners in the patency and pregnancy rates for the patients with vasovasostomy 10 years or more after vasectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the pregnancy rates after vasovasostomies, following at least a 10 years long term obstruction, are very low, despite the desirable patency rates. Therefore, it is important that we should apply the assisted reproductive technology, as well as advanced surgical skills, to improve the pregnancy rates.
Busan ; Family Planning Services ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Spermatozoa ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; Sutures ; Vasectomy* ; Vasovasostomy*

PURPOSE: To establish central control of a penile erection, the centrally elicited erectile effects of apomorphine hydrochloride and various vasoactive agents were investigated after intracerebroventricular administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. After intracerebroventricular administration of normal saline(NS), apomorphine hydrochloride(AH), prostaglandin E1(PGE1), sodium nitroprusside(SNP), phenylephrine hydrochloride(PE) and phentolamine(PT) under a stereotaxic setting, the intracavernosal pressure(ICP), systolic femoral artery pressure(FAP), heart rate(HR), time to first response, duration and number of erectile response and adverse reactions were evaluated for 60 minutes. To show if the centrally elicited erection by agents in native setting were effective, the above criteria were re-evaluated after a bilateral pelvic neurotomy and bilateral orchiectomy. RESULTS:Cerebral proerectile effects were elicited by AH with no significant changes in the FAP and HR, but with PGE1, SNP, PE and PT significant changes in both the FAP and HR were observed. The ICP/FAP ratio was highest with SNP at 0.75+/-0.08. The mean time to first response was shortest with AH at 18.1+/-5.1min. The mean duration was longest with AH at 39.4+/-10.9min. The number of responses was highest with AH at 2.7+/-1.1. Adverse reactions, such as stretching, yawning and ejaculation, were simultaneously observed during increases in the ICP. In the case of a bilateral pelvic neurotomy or bilateral orchiectomy, these elicited erectile responses disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Vasoactive agents, such as SNP, PGE1 and PE, had a cerebral proerectile effect, but AH showed more an evidently potent proerectile effect in the aspects of ICP, time to first response and duration of erectile response. Testosterone and the pelvic nerve are suggested to be essential for a central proerectile response.
Alprostadil ; Animals ; Apomorphine* ; Ejaculation ; Femoral Artery ; Heart ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Penile Erection ; Phenylephrine ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium ; Testosterone ; Vasodilator Agents ; Yawning

AIM: To investigate the relationship among MCP-1 and monocyte chemoattract protein activity (MCA) and pathogenesis of lung cancer. METHODS: 173 patients were involved in the study and divided into three groups: group A: lung cancer group (60 patients); group B: benign lung disease group (55 patients) and group C: healthy control group (58 patients). MCP-1 level and MCA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. RESULTS: The concentration of MCP-1 and MCA in BALF in group A were much higher than those in group B and group C (P

PURPOSE: Rebamipide is a propionic acid derivative that inhibits superoxide production and removes hydroxyl radicals. This study was performed to investigate the effects of adding rebamipide to semen, in an effort to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation of the sperm cell membrane as well as an improvement in seminal parameter and fertilizing capacity under oxidative stress was inhibited. MATERIALS AND MTHODS: Semen was collected from 30 normal healthy volunteers by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence. After liquefaction of the semen at room temperature, the prepared sperm was diluted with a sperm wash media to a uniform density of 20x106/ml. The semen was treated with 0.25ml of 0.2mM FeSO4 and 1mM sodium ascorbate for 60 min in the presence of various rebamipide concentrations (0, 10, 30, 100, and 300microM). ROS production, sperm motility, vitality, fertilizing capacity and the level of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by chemiluminescence, computer assisted semen analysis, eosin-nigrosin staining, a hypo-osmotic swelling test and the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. RESULTS: Rebamipide at 100 and 300microM increased the sperm motility (p<0.05) but did not affect the sperm vitality. The ROS production and lipid peroxidation in the sperms treated with FeSO4/sodium ascorbate were inhibited by rebamipide in a dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05 in each). The total swelling rate of the hypo-osmotic swelling test was also increased by high rebamipide concentrations (100 and 300microM), respectively 49.2 17.9 and 50.8 21.7% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest rebamipide is an effective free radical scavenger and may be useful as an oral antioxidant in patients with male infertility due to increased ROS generation. However, further study to be possible the clinical use of rebamipide for improve the fertilizing capacity in male infertility is required.
Antioxidants* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cell Membrane ; Diethylpropion ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Infertility, Male ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Luminescence ; Male ; Masturbation ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Semen Analysis ; Semen* ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Superoxides

PURPOSE: Rebamipide is a propionic acid derivative that inhibits superoxide production and removes hydroxyl radicals. This study was performed to investigate the effects of adding rebamipide to semen, in an effort to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation of the sperm cell membrane as well as an improvement in seminal parameter and fertilizing capacity under oxidative stress was inhibited. MATERIALS AND MTHODS: Semen was collected from 30 normal healthy volunteers by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence. After liquefaction of the semen at room temperature, the prepared sperm was diluted with a sperm wash media to a uniform density of 20x106/ml. The semen was treated with 0.25ml of 0.2mM FeSO4 and 1mM sodium ascorbate for 60 min in the presence of various rebamipide concentrations (0, 10, 30, 100, and 300microM). ROS production, sperm motility, vitality, fertilizing capacity and the level of lipid peroxidation were analyzed by chemiluminescence, computer assisted semen analysis, eosin-nigrosin staining, a hypo-osmotic swelling test and the thiobarbituric acid method, respectively. RESULTS: Rebamipide at 100 and 300microM increased the sperm motility (p<0.05) but did not affect the sperm vitality. The ROS production and lipid peroxidation in the sperms treated with FeSO4/sodium ascorbate were inhibited by rebamipide in a dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05 in each). The total swelling rate of the hypo-osmotic swelling test was also increased by high rebamipide concentrations (100 and 300microM), respectively 49.2 17.9 and 50.8 21.7% (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest rebamipide is an effective free radical scavenger and may be useful as an oral antioxidant in patients with male infertility due to increased ROS generation. However, further study to be possible the clinical use of rebamipide for improve the fertilizing capacity in male infertility is required.
Antioxidants* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cell Membrane ; Diethylpropion ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans* ; Infertility, Male ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Luminescence ; Male ; Masturbation ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Semen Analysis ; Semen* ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Superoxides

Lyophilization of human red blood cells has important significance in clinical application. Some sugars, especially trehalose, can be more tolerant of some organism or cells to dry environments, But, how to bring sugars into cells is a challenge. This study was aimed to investigate the regularity of sugar-uptake in human red blood cells. The absorption rate of trehalose and glucose in red blood cells, free hemoglobin level and erythrocyte deformation index were determined at different incubation temperature (4, 25 and 37 degrees C), different sugar concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mol/L) and different incubation time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 hours). The results showed that with increase of temperature and extracellular sugar concentration, the uptake of sugar in red blood cells also increased, the intracellular trehalose and glucose concentrations were over 30 mmol/L and 40 mmol/L respectively. The effects of incubation time on uptake of trehalose and glucose were different. With prolonging of incubation time, the uptake of trehalose showed firstly increase and then decrease, however, the uptake of glucose showed a constant increase. But the loading process had side-effect on free hemoglobin and maximum deformation index (MAXDI) of red blood cells, especially for trehalose, which mainly come from high osmotic pressure. It is concluded that the uptake of sugars in red blood cells is closely dependent on incubation temperature, extracellular sugar concentration and incubation time. In certain condition, the efficiency of sugar uptake is very high, but this process also damages red blood cells so as to affect the application of sugars in lyophilization of red blood cells. The research in the future should focus on how to deal with the relation between cell injury and uptake efficiency of sugar in red blood cells.
Blood Preservation ; adverse effects ; Cryoprotective Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; drug effects ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Freeze Drying ; Glucose ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Trehalose ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To investigate the clinical value of detecting the serum level of ryanodine receptor antibodies (RyR-Ab) in the diagnosis and evaluation of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting were used to detect the serum level of RyR-Ab in 81 patients with MG, 45 non-MG patients with other neurological disorders and 50 healthy control subjects. Results The results of ELISA showed a serum RyR-Ab positivity rate of 23.4% in the in MG patients, significantly higher than the rates in non-MG patients and the healthy subjects (P<0.05). The serum RyR-Ab positivity rate was 77.2% in MG patients with thymoma (MGT), 14.2% in those with thymie atrophy (MGA), and 6.6% in those with thymie hyperplasia (MGH). A positive correlation was found between the titer of serum RyR-Ab and the severity of muscle weakness (r=0.547, P<0.05). Compared with CT scanning, serum RyR-Ab level had low sensitivity (77.2%) but high specificity (91%, P<0.05) for diagnosis of MGT. According to the results of Western blotting, the serum RyR-Ab positivity rate was 81.8% in MGT patients, significantly higher than that in thymomβ-free MG patients and NMG patients (P<0.05). Conclusion RyR-Ab positivity is mainly found in MGT patients, and detection of serum RyR-Ab may help evaluate the severity of MG and assist in CT-based diagnosis of MGT.