Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of lamivudine and entecavir on hepatitis B virus (HBV)reacti-vation among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy.Methods From January 2008 to April 2013,a total of 94 NHL patients with HBV infection were recruited from our hospital and divided into lamivudine treatment group and entecavir treatment group.The lamivudine treatment group received chemotherapy with lamivudine (100 mg/d),and the entecavir treatment group received chemotherapy with entecavir (0.5 mg/d).The rates of virological breakthrough,primary non -response,and virological breakthrough-related hepatitis flare were compared between groups.The t-test was used for comparison between two groups of independent samples;one-way analysis of variance was conducted for comparison between three groups of independent samples;the chi -square test was used to conduct intergroup comparison.Results For the patients with HBV DNA levels lower than 103 copies/ml before anti -HBV treatment,no significant difference was found in the rate of virological breakthrough or rate of hepatitis flare between lamivudine treatment group and entecavir treatment group (χ2 =1.03,P>0.05).For the patients with HBV DNA levels higher than 103 copies/ml before anti-HBV treatment,the lamivudine treatment group had a virological breakthrough rate of 37.5%,a primary non-response rate of 9.4%,a hepatitis flare rate of 28.1%,and a liver failure rate of 3.1%,and the aforementioned rates for entecavir treatment group were 3.1%,0, 0,and 0,respectively;there were significant differences in the rates of virological breakthrough and hepatitis flare between the two groups (χ2 =11.68,P<0.05;χ2 =10.47,P<0.05).Conclusion Among NHL patients with HBV infection whose HBV DNA levels are lower than 103 copies/ml,the preventive and therapeutic effects of lamivudine and entecavir on HBV reactivation are similar;among NHL patients with HBV infection whose HBV DNA levels are higher than 103 copies/ml,those treated with entecavir have lower rates of virological break-through and hepatitis flare than those treated with lamivudine,which helps patients have a smoother progress of chemotherapy.

Arterial systolic pressure variab il ity (ASPV), heart beat interval variability (HRV) and baro-reflex sensitivity ( BRS) were measured by finger arteriole blood pressue monitor system and cardiova scular spectral analysis system. The diabetic patients with cardiovascular auton omic neuropathy show significant changes in ASPV and HRV and decreased BRS. BRS changes earlier than other parameters.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of stachyose on the hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human heart xenotransplantation.Methods A pig-to-human xenogeneic heart transplantation model was established based on an in vitro free heart blood perfusion system.The pig hearts were di- vided into two groups:group A(pig hearts treated with human blood perfusion as control)and group B(pig hearts treated with human blood plus stachyose perfusion).After perfusion for 1h,the heart xenografts were examined for deposit of lgG and IgM by immunohistochemistry and pathological analy sis.Results The mean survival time of perfusion hearts in groups A and B was(9.5?2.5)min and (46.8?8.1)min respectively(P

The genetic diversity of three Tibetan herbs, i. e., Sang-Di, E-Dewa and Ye-Xingba (Tibetan names), was studied based on the field collection, specimen identification and DNA sequence analysis. Swertia hispidicalyx, Gentiana lhassica and Scrophularia dentata, as the original plants of the three Tibetan herbs, were collected and identified. The regions of ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoC1, trnL(UAA), psbA-trnH, atpB-rbcL, trnS (GCU)-trnG(UCC), rpl20-rps12, trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) and nadl 2nd intron were amplified and sequenced. The ITS regions of S. hispidicalyx and S. dentata were cloned and sequenced, and the sequences were classified into different genotypes. All the sequences were analyzed and compared with those of closely related species. Our studies may provide reference for the genetic diversity analysis and molecular identification of the three Tibetan herbs.
Genetic Variation ; Gentiana ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Scrophularia ; classification ; genetics ; Swertia ; classification ; genetics ; Tibet

BACKGROUND:Atlantoaxial fusion is currently the main surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation, but the premise is at the expense of atlantoaxial range of motion, especial y the rotation motion. Restricted non-fusion fixation is a method that can maintain the atlantoaxial stability, while retain the atlantoaxial range of motion. Further research should be performed to compare the biomechanical characteristics between the two methods. OBJECTIVE:To develop a three-dimensional finite element model of atlantoaxial instability, compare and determine the biomechanical properties of posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system and posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system. METHODS:A verified intact finite element upper cervical (C0-C3) model was established and analyzed by Simpleware 3.0, Geomagic 8.0, Hypermesh 10.0, Abaqus 6.9, and Rhino 4.0 softwares based on the CT data col ected from a 31-year-old healthy male volunteer. The moment couple of 1.5 N?m was loaded, which made the model movement in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and rotating direction, respectively. The range of motion was recorded and compared with the in vitro biomechanical experimental data to verify the effectiveness of the model. The ranges of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model and the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system model were analyzed using the finite element method under flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation;meanwhile, stress nephograms of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) There were 206 747 elements and 72 500 nodes in the intact model of upper cervical spine (C0-C3) in this experiment, and the range of motion of intact model validated with the reported cadaveric experimental data. (2) The range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system group was similar to which of the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system group in flexion-extension direction. (3) In lateral bending direction, the range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model was obviously limited, respectively. The range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model was larger than that of the atlantoaxial dislocation model and basical y same as that of the normal atlantoaxial model. (4) As to the rotating direction, the range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system mainly disappeared at the atlantoaxial segment;by contrast, a majority of rotating motion was stil retained in the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system group. (5) The stress concentration occurred in the contact part between the screw and the connecting rod in posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model. (6) Results suggest that posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system is effective and useful for atlantoaxial fixation. It not only restricted atlantoaxial flexion-extension, but also preserved axial rotation and lateral bending at the atlantoaxial joint.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of depressive disorder.Methods 124 patients with depressive disorder were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,62 cases in each group.The control group was given mirtazapine treatment,while the observation group was given EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine.All the two groups were treated for 8 weeks.Before and 2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD),Montgomerie depression rating scale (MADRS) and the clinical global impression scale (CGI).The side effects scale(TESS) assessment was used to assess the side effects.And the serum norepinephrine (NE),5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels were measured before and 8 weeks after treatment.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 87.5％,which was significantly higher than 66.1％ in the control group (x2 =7.213,P ＜ 0.05).In the two groups,2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the HAMD scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (t =9.391,19.349,26.349,5.026,12.610,19.518,all P ＜ 0.05),the M ADRS scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (t =8.646,22.190,33.101,4.986,13.185,25.959,all P ＜ 0.05),and the CGI scores were significantly lower than those before treatment(t =17.471,29.482,42.256,13.136,28.358,35.661,all P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,after treatment for 2,4,8 weeks,the HAMD scores were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =4.093,4.537,5.655,all P ＜ 0.05),and the MADRS scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (t =3.622,9.740,7.490,all P ＜ 0.05),while the CGI scores were significantly lower than those in the control group(t =8.608,11.024,12.598,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of 5-HT,NE and DA were (148.5 ± 4.9) ng/mL,(60.6 ± 4.2) ng/L and (78.0 ± 4.1) ng/L in the observation group,which were significantly higher than before treatment [(79.8 ± 4.3) ng/mL,(30.3 ± 4.0) ng/L and (43.5 ± 4.0) ng/L,t =82.977,41.134,46.837,all P ＜ 0.05].In the control group after treatment,the levels of 5-HT,NE and DA were (125.4 ± 4.1) ng/mL,(40.2 ± 4.0)ng/L and (50.3 ± 4.3)nig/L,which were significantly higher than those before treatment [(79.2 ± 3.9)ng/mL,(30.5 ±4.1)ng/L and (43.2 ±3.6)ng/L,t =64.287,13.334,9.969,all P ＜0.05],but which those in the observation group increased more significantly (t =28.469,27.695,36.286,all P ＜ 0.05).4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment,the TESS scores in the observation group were (3.0 ± 1.0) points and (4.3 ± 1.2) points,which in the control group were (2.8 ± 1.2) points and (4.1 ± 1.3) points,there were no significant differences in terms of TESS scores (t =1.150,0.846,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion EEG biofeedback therapy combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of depression is better,the adverse reactions is not significantly increased,and it also has higher clinical safety compared with mirtazapine alone.

The aim of the present study was to work on the efficiency of differential diagnosis of native hapten-gel diffusion assay (NH-GD) on the background of vaccination with S2 or Rev.1.The conditions of NH-GD assay was firstly optimized,its sensitivity,specificity,repeatability and ability of differential diagnosis were determined respectively,and its test result was compared with that of fluorescence polarization assay (FPA).The results showed NH-GD assay with good specificity and repeatability could differentiate Brucella-infected antibody from vaccinated antibody after vaccination with S2 or 122 days after vaccination with Rev.1.And the result of NH-GD assay was highly consistent with that of FPA,which was simple to operate and needed a few simple equipment.Therefore,NH-GD assay was a good method for sheep brucellosis surveillance in China and especially suitable for application in grass-roots areas.

Objective To explore the effect of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on neurogenesis in an alzheimer' disease mouse model and its related mechanism.Methods A total of 16 12-month old aPP/PS1 double transgenic aD mice were randomly divided into two groups:NSC group (receiving NSCs transplantation in the bilateral hippocampi,n=8) and PBS group as the negative control group (receiving an equal quantity of 0.01M/L phosphate buffer saline,n=8).another 8 wild type mice without any treatment were selected as the positive control group (Wt group).at five weeks after transplantation,the expressions of doublecortin (DCX) and nestin in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and subgranular zone (SGZ) were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining,the number of positive cells in these regions were counted by confocal microscopy,and Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive function in all mice.Results NSC group showed the enhanced spatial learning and memory ability in Morris water maze (MWM) as compared to PBS group,but it was still lower than that in Wt mice (both P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed NSCs induced the increased positive cells expressing DCX and nestin in the NSC group as compared with PBS group (F＝85.400 and 55.687,both P＜0.001).However,the number of DCX positive cells was still lower in NSC group than in Wt group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of Nestin-positive cells between the NSC group and the Wt group (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions NSCs transplantation can promote endogenous neurogenesis via the increased expression of DCX-and Nestin positive cells in the hippocampal DG/SGZ in aD mice,which improves the cognitive abilities in aD mice in some extent.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on aged patients with mild to moderate hyperten-sion.Methods:A total of 427 aged patients with mild to moderate hypertension treated in our hospital from Jul 2011 to Jul 2013 were randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=210)and atorvastatin group (n=217,received atorvastatin additionally based on routine treatment)according to number table.All patients were treated with a continuous 24 months.Therapeutic effect of controlling blood pressure,changes of blood pressure level and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)level and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared be-tween two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group,there was significant rise in total effective rate of long-term (24 months)controlling blood pressure (76.8% vs.85.9%),and significant reductions in blood pres-sure [(145.3±10.1/88.6±6.7)mmHg vs.(136.9±6.8/83.0±5.2)mmHg]and hsCRP [(2.02±0.29)mg/L vs. (1.60±0.18)mg/L]level in atorvastatin group,P<0.05 or <0.01. There was no significant difference in inci-dence rate of adverse reactions during treatment between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined antihypertensive drugs can well control blood pressure and reduce inflammatory reactions,which is suitable for long term use in aged patients with hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of small dose of dexmedetomidine for prevention of the adverse effects caused by carboprost in the patients undergoing caesarean section.Methods Forty parturients,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 26-30 yr,weighing 63-71 kg,scheduled for elective caesarean section under epidural anesthesia,were equally and randomly divided into control group (C group) or carboprost group (D group) by using a random number table.After delivery of the fetus,all the patients received iv infusion of 20 U oxytocin and carboprost 250 μg was injected into the myometrium simultaneously.In group D,after a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg/kg,dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 starting from 1 min prior to carboprost injection until the end of surgery,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.Adverse effects such as dyspnea,facial flushing,nausea,vomiting,hypertension and tachycardia were recorded.The OAA/S scores and time for breastfeeding initiation were also recorded at the end of surgery and 2 h after surgery.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of dyspnea,facial flushing,nausea,vomiting,hypertension and tachycardia was significantly decreased in D group.There was no significant difference in OAA/S score and the time for breastfeeding initiation after surgery between the two groups.Conclusion Small-dose dexmedetomidine (loading dose 0.1 μg/kg,followed by infusion at 0.4 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery) infused before carboprost administration is helpful in preventing the adverse gastrointestinal and cardiovascular reactions caused by carboprost in the patients undergoing caesarean section.