Dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Excessive energy intake impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and function, decreasing adenosine-5’-triphosphate production and negatively impacting metabolically active tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Compromised mitochondrial function disturbs lipid metabolism and increases reactive oxygen species production in these tissues, contributing to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of bioactive food components, such as resveratrol, quercetin, coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and astaxanthin, by enhancing mitochondrial function. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how these bioactive compounds ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: A number of studies to improve in vitro culture conditions have been tried over past ten years by using co-culture system with helper somatic cells. However, the mechanism of coculture is poorly understood. This study was designed to understand the mechanism for the mode of actual action of co-culture system of ICR strain's 1-cell embryos with human oviduct epithelial cells by examining the effect of conditioned medium and contactless coculture using a cell culture insert on the embryo development and by measuring the level of superoxide anion from conditioned medium after co-culture. METHODS: ICR strain's zygote embryos were cultured in medium alone (control), coculture, conditioned medium, or contactless coculture system for 6 days. Conditioned media (CM) were prepared as following 5 groups. All CM were collected after culturing oviduct cells for 2 days. CM-1 was stored at -20degrees C until use, and CM-2 was prepared just before use as a culture medium. CM-3 was cocultured with embryos and retrieved just before use. CM-4 and CM-5 were derives from the microfilteration of CM-2 and CM-3, respectively, using Microcon-10 (10 kDa molecular weight cut-off). The percentage of the embryos developed to hatched blastocyst stage and the level of superoxide anion in supernatant from medium alone culture (control), coculture, and contactless coculture were measured. RESULTS: The rates of embryo development to the hatched blastocyst stage were significantly higher in coculture (43%) than in control (0%) (p<0.05). The CM-1 group had no embryo development since 2-cell embryonic stage, whereas the CM-2, CM-3, CM-4 and CM-5 groups had the improved development to 4 or 8 cell embryo stage, but the similar rate of development to hatched blastocyst compared to control. The effect of coculture on embryo develpment was disappeared in the contactless coculture group. The level of superoxide anion was significantly reduced in coculture group compared to control. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the present coculture system overcomes the 2-cell block in vitro and improves the embryo development. This beneficial effect may be due to the direct cell-cell contact between embryo and helper cells or the removal of deleterious components from medium rather than the embryotrophic factors.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Coculture Techniques* ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Oviducts ; Pregnancy ; Superoxides ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; Zygote

PURPOSE: To determine whether triple negative (TN) early stage breast cancers have poorer survival rates compared with other molecular types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2000 and July 2006, patients diagnosed with stage I, II early stage breast cancers, in whom all three markers (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor [HER]-2) were available and treated with modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of 446 patients, 94 (21.1%) were classified as TN, 57 (12.8%) as HER-2 type, and 295 (66.1%) as luminal. TN was more frequently associated with young patients younger than 35 years old (p = 0.002), higher histologic grade (p < 0.0001), and nuclear (p < 0.0001). The median follow-up period was 78 months (range, 4 to 130 months). There were 9 local relapses (2.0%), 15 nodal (3.4%), 40 distant metastases (9.0%), and 33 deaths (7.4%) for all patients. The rates of 5-year OS, DFS, LFS, and DMFS for all patients were 95.5%, 89.9%, 95.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS, DFS, LFS, and DMFS between triple negative and other subtypes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that patients with TN early stage breast cancers had no difference in survival rates compared with other molecular subtypes. Prospective study in homogeneous treatment group will need for a prognosis of TN early stage breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenobarbital ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Heat shock protein of 72 kDa (HSP70) has a role in the functional modulation of sex steroid hormone receptors and in p53-associated oncogenesis and inhibits apoptosis associated with bcl-2. However, the exact role of HSP70 in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma has not been well established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HSP70 in relation with ER, PR, p53 and bcl-2 expressions and apoptosis in benign and malignant endometrial lesions. Immunohistochemical studies for HSP70, ER, PR, p53, bcl-2 and TUNEL method for apoptosis were performed in 30 cases of adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign endometrial lesions consisted of each 10 cases of disordered proliferative endometrium (DP), simple or complex hyperplasia (HP), and atypical hyperplasia (AH). There were no significant differences of HSP70 and bcl-2 expression rates and apoptotic index (AI) between DP, HP, AH, and adenocarcinoma. p53 expression rate in adenocarcinoma was 36.7%, but no p53 expression was identified in DP, HP and AH (p<0.05). In adenocarcinoma, HSP70 expression rate was higher in ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma (p<0.05), and p53 expression rate was higher in nonendometrioid type and FIGO grade II and III (p<0.05), but no significant difference of bcl-2 expression rate according to the histological type and FIGO grade. AI was higher in nonendometrioid type (p<0.05). There was no correlation between HSP70, p53 and bcl-2 expressions, and no significant difference of AI according to HSP70, ER, PR, p53, and bcl-2 expressions. In conclusion, higher HSP70 expression rate in poorly differentiated and ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma suggests that HSP70 inhibits ER and PR expression and may be involved in the development of poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to measure health literacy levels and to identify health literacy related factors in vulnerable elders. METHODS: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using convenience samples. Data collection was done by interviewing questionnaire with 200 elders from welfare centers in the cities. Data were analyzed by using percentage, Chi-square and multiple logistic regression with the IBM SPSS Statistics Ver. 24.0. RESULTS: The results of this study are as follows: Vulnerable elders' sources of health information levels were very low, especially internet. In multiple logistic regression analysis, monthly income, sources of health information were significant accounted for OR 2.201, p < .05 , OR 2.989, p < .01 health literacy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that interventions for improving health literacy are necessary to enhance elders' finding of health information. Also, these results could be used in developing health literacy programs by internet.
Aged* ; Data Collection ; Health Literacy* ; Humans ; Internet ; Logistic Models ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: With respect to the risk of developing diabetic vascular complications, the central purpose of most screening and detection program, is to identify people with diabetes at early stage so they might have advantages of early treatment to prevent complication of the disease. Oral glucose tolerence test(OGTT) is widely used for diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerence, bit the performance of a complete OGTT is not only time consuming and expensive but physically demanding on the individual being tested. Determination of HbA1 and more recently of glycosylated total serum proteins(fructosamine) has been proposed as an alternative method of screening and diagnosis. The aim of our cross-sectional study is to compare the values of fructosamine and HbA1, for the ourpose of diabetes diagnosis with the OGTT as reference method. METHODS: In the study, from January 1996 to August 1996, we included 55 consecutive subjects in Kyeungssang Hospital. Blood samples for HbA1 and fructosamone determination were drawn at the same time as a fasting plasma glucose sample, and then all subjects underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT according to the World Health Organization recom-mandations, The subjects were classified according to the American Diabetes Association classification. RESULTS: In our study, we observed fasting plasma glucose of 145.32+/-75.00mg/deciliter, two-hour plasma glucose of 245.83+/-155.22mg/deciliter, HbA1 of 7.06+/-2.77%, and fructosamine of 308.77+/-128.23 micromol/liter. The correlation coefficient between FPG and HbA1 was 0.9098(p<.05), between FPG and fructosamine 0.7953(p Blood Glucose ; Classification ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fasting ; Fructosamine* ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Mass Screening ; ROC Curve ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Eosinophilia ; Graves Disease ; Propylthiouracil

BACKGROUND: The accidental swallowing of foreign body is a common problem in the children. Ingested foreign bodies may be managed by endoscopy, observation, or surgery. So we analyzed the methods of removal, type, location and complications of foreign bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report reviewed 37 cases of ingested foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract at the Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University Hospital between January 1997 and April 2001. RESULTS: The age ranged from 8 months to 8 years. The most prevalent age group was between 1 year and 2 years of age(19%). The male to female ratio was 2.1:1 with 25 male and 12 female patients. The type of foreign bodies were coins in 20 cases(54%), nail in 4 cases(11%), key in 4 cases(11%), pin in 2 cases(5.5%), necklace in 2 cases(5.5%) and others. The locations of foreign bodies were upper esophagus in 12 cases(32.5%), lower esophagus in 4 cases(10.8%), stomach in 16 cases(43.2%), small bowel in 5 cases(13.5%). 4. Presenting symptoms were variable with asymptomatic (59. 4%) , vomiting (19. 0%) , epigastric pain (8.1%), dysphagia (5. 4%) and others. The methods for removal of foreign bodies included 20 cases of endoscopic removal(54.0%), 3 cases of spontaneous removal(8.1%) and there was no surgical removal. 14 cases(37.9%) did not confirmed removal of foreign body because of no revisit of our hospital. Endoscopic finding of patients were normal(15 cases), ulceration(2 cases), erosion(1 case), inflammation(l case), mucosal scratch(l case). CONCLUSION: It appears that the endoscopic approach is the preferable method for the removal of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the children.
Child* ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Humans ; Male ; Numismatics ; Pediatrics ; Stomach ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Food intake of COPD patients decreases because of appetite loss, depression, and breathing problems while eating, which increase the likelihood of patients becoming malnourished. This study investigated the nutrient intake and dietary quality of people with and without COPD in Korea. METHODS: There were 2,160 adults aged 50 and over who participated in the 5~6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into the COPD group and non-COPD group according to the rate of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) against forced vital capacity (FVC). Consumption of food and nutrients were calculated based on the nutrition examination survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: Among individuals in their 50s, intake of vitamin B1 in the COPD group was significantly less than the NCOPD group, while intake of sodium in the COPD group was significantly greater than the NCOPD group. Among individuals in their 60s, the energy intake of the COPD group was significantly less than that of the NCOPD group. The COPD group showed significantly less intake of vitamin B1 and vitamin C, but greater intake of sodium than the NCOPD group. In the group aged 70 and over, The COPD group had significantly less intake of vitamin B1 than the NCOPD group and showed lower nutrient adequacy ratio values in protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and iron than the NCOPD group. CONCLUSION: The COPD group consumed less energy and certain nutrients, and their dietary quality was poor compared to the NCOPD group. Thus, more detailed research is required to understand the concrete relationship between COPD and malnutrition.
Adult* ; Appetite ; Ascorbic Acid ; Depression ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea* ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Respiration ; Riboflavin ; Sodium ; Thiamine ; Vital Capacity

Treatment methods of mandibular condylar fracture were conservative and surgical method. Surgical method of mandibular high condylar fracture was very difficult because approach and internal fixation of small size fracture fragment were difficult. So there is a tendency to select conservative method over surgical method for guiding a stable occlusion and avoiding TMJ disorder and growth disturbance, minimizing pain and deviation during function. But, in case of mandibular high condylar fracture patient who has no biting teeth on posterior teeth area, guiding a stable occlusion and conservative functional treatment were very difficult. In this case, patient was 62years old male. He had fracture of mandibular symphysis, right mandibular body, left mandibular high condyle. We treated the patient for mandibular symphysis and right mandibular body fracture area with surgical method. But left mandibular high condylar fracture area was difficult to treat with surgical method. So we selected a conservative functional method on left mandibular high condylar fracture area. We intended recovery of vertical dimension and stable occlusion with implantation of immediate provisional implant on maxillar and mandibular posterior teeth area, and temporary crown. And then patient did mandibular functional movement and his mandibular function was recoverd.
Crowns ; Humans ; Male ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension