No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate* ; Medroxyprogesterone* ; Tamoxifen*

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of a self-efficacy promoting program and analyze its components. METHOD: The material used for this study were 18 self-efficacy promoting program studies carried out from Jan. 1980 to Oct. 2003. The studies were analyzed in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) sample characteristics 3) types of experimental treatment conditions 4) types of self-efficacy source and 5) total amount of time RESULT: 1) The weighted mean of a self-efficacy promoting program ranged from 1.383 to 0.015 2) for the experimental treatment condition, exercise had a much larger effect in increasing general self-efficacy and self-care than education 3) the studies using 3 sources had a much larger effect in increasing self-care than the studies using 4 sources 4) a time period longer than 900 minutes had a much larger effect in increasing specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and self-care than in a time period shorter than 900 minutes. 5) effect size of specific self-efficacy was significantly higher than general self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results can be used to guide the development of a self-efficacy promoting program for nursing practice.
Humans ; *Patient Education as Topic ; *Self Care ; *Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the variables, chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. METHOD: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 270 older adults. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics and a PC LISREL program for covariance structural analysis. RESULTS: According to modified model, chronic pain was found to have a significant direct and total effect on pain coping. Chronic pain and pain coping were found to have a significant direct and total effect on fatigue. Chronic pain, pain coping and fatigue were found to have a significant direct and total effect on self-esteem. Chronic pain, pain coping, and self-esteem were found to have a significant direct effect on depression. CONCLUSION: This modified model is considered appropriate for explaining the relationship among chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. Also, the findings support the development of an intervention strategy to relieve chronic pain in elders.
Adult ; Chronic Pain* ; Depression* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia. The Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium has revised DLB consensus diagnostic criteria. We reviewed recent (fourth) clinical diagnosis criteria and treatment options. The revised DLB clinical criteria included clinical features and updated diagnostic biomarkers. Compared with third criteria, they removed suggestive features and reassigned rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in core clini-cal features with fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucination, and parkinsonism. They classified biomarkers into two groups, indicative and supportive biomarkers, according to diagnostic specificity and evidence quality. Indicative biomarkers in-cluded reduced dopamine transporter uptake in basal ganglia demonstrated by single-photon emission CT or positron emission tomography, low uptake 123 Iodine- metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy, and RBD in polysomnography. In treatment of DLB, cholinesterase inhibitor can improve cognitive function and activities of daily living. Neuroleptics should use with caution due to sensitivity in DLB.

PURPOSE: Neuronal damage induced by febrile seizure(FS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of medial temporal sclerosis, the pathologic hallmark of temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent data indicate that prolonged FSs induce transient structural changes of some hippocampal pyramidal neurons and long-term functional changes of hippocampal circuitry. In this study we have investigated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampal formation after FSs with in situ hybridization histochemistry using riboprobe. METHODS: FSs were induced in 21 day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats(five rats for each group), which had a mean weight of about 100g. Exposure to hyperthermia was achieved by maintaining the water in the beaker at a temperature of 45 degrees C by pacing it in a temperature-controlled water bath. The rats were decapitated at appropriate times(0 hr, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr) after FSs. In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed. The probe used in these studies were riboprobe complementary to the sequence 641-729 of rat BDNF. RESULTS: The induction of BDNF mRNA was observed in the dentate gyrus at 30 min after FSs. The expression in the dentate gyrus was gradually increased, peaked at 3 hr after FSs, and almost returned to basal level at 24 hr after FSs. The significant induction of BDNF mRNA was also observed in the CA3 area of hippocampus from 2 hr to 3 hr after FSs. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that BDNF is the gene whose expression can be altered by FSs and these gene might be related to pathologic alterations after FSs.
Animals ; Baths ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Fever ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sclerosis ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Water

In recent decades, laws for involuntary treatment have evolved in ways that protect human rights as well as public safety. Globally, many nations have legislation for psychiatric patients that provide procedural advocacy during their involuntary treatment while a court or another independent organization reviews its lawfulness. In contrast, people with severe mental illness in Korea risk encountering human rights violations and loss of timely treatment, because their involuntary admissions are primarily initiated by family members and civil doctors and not by courts or government. The Mental Health Promotion and Welfare Act, revised in 2016, does not address this fundamental weakness, instead restricting involuntary admission criteria and bypassing the implementation of any procedural assistance programs. Subsequently untreated patients lead to clinical aggravation and even serious felony offenses. This paper introduces New York State’s court-ordered treatment system via the Mental Hygiene Law as a model for the revision of Korean legislation. The findings show that involuntary admissions in New York State are initiated by many parties as well as familial relatives and may be held up to 60 days without any court order.However, patients are assigned legal counsel for the ability to request for a court hearing at any time during their admission. The Assisted Outpatient Program is another legal intervention that requires a person with a mental illness that would likely result in serious harm to self or others to receive supervised outpatient treatment. We argue that the New York State model can be implemented effectively in Korea considering its current medical and judicial status.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and associated factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS: We interviewed 90 patients with hip fracture with the aim of identifying underlying diseases and laboratory data. Cognitive function was measured with Mini Mental Status Exam-K (MMSE-K) before surgery. RESULTS: Delirium developed in 20 patients (22.2%). History of dementia (p=0.041) and mean score of MMSE-K (p<0.001) were significantly related to the incidence of delirium. An MMSE-K score less than 20 was an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium in patients with hip fracture. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment was a risk factor of postoperative delirium. MMSE-K is expected to be a simple indicator for predicting postoperative delirium in older patients with hip fracture.
Aged ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Factors

Osseointegration ; Transplants ; Vertical Dimension

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cognitive reserve in Korea using Korean version of Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (K-CRIq) and to investigate the effects of gender and age on cognitive reserve. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-eight healthy subjects aged 25–85 years old in one community participated in the study. K-CRIq was developed and administered to all subjects to assess the effects of gender and age on cognitive reserve. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to subjects over 65 years old to test concurrent validity. RESULTS: Age and gender as well as their interaction significantly affected Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI) score. Men had higher cognitive reserve than women over 45 years old, but at younger ages there was no gender difference in cognitive reserve. CRI score and sub-scores were strongly associated with the MMSE and MoCA. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the gender effect on cognitive reserve is disappearing in the young generation in Korea. Scores in neuropsychological tests are predicted well by the CRI score.
Aging ; Cognitive Reserve* ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Methylenebis(chloroaniline) ; Neuropsychological Tests

NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-III clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established in early 1980s, Since then, there has been unprecedented growth of scientific knowledge and techniques including reliable biomarkers for AD pathologies as well as information about non-AD dementia, various AD phenotypes, and insufficient diagnostic accuracy of the current AD criteria, The need to test early intervention was also much elevated. All these changes recently urged to revise the current AD clinical diagnostic criteria. Against these backgrounds, the National Institute of Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA)-sponsored expert workgroups proposed new diagnostic guidelines for AD in 2011, which consists of three separate parts : 1) the diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease ; 2) the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease ; 3) toward defining the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. This article aimed to briefly introduce the NIA-AA guidelines and their influence on clinical researches and practice on AD.
Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; Biomarkers ; Dementia ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Phenotype