No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate* ; Medroxyprogesterone* ; Tamoxifen*

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of a self-efficacy promoting program and analyze its components. METHOD: The material used for this study were 18 self-efficacy promoting program studies carried out from Jan. 1980 to Oct. 2003. The studies were analyzed in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) sample characteristics 3) types of experimental treatment conditions 4) types of self-efficacy source and 5) total amount of time RESULT: 1) The weighted mean of a self-efficacy promoting program ranged from 1.383 to 0.015 2) for the experimental treatment condition, exercise had a much larger effect in increasing general self-efficacy and self-care than education 3) the studies using 3 sources had a much larger effect in increasing self-care than the studies using 4 sources 4) a time period longer than 900 minutes had a much larger effect in increasing specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and self-care than in a time period shorter than 900 minutes. 5) effect size of specific self-efficacy was significantly higher than general self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results can be used to guide the development of a self-efficacy promoting program for nursing practice.
Humans ; *Patient Education as Topic ; *Self Care ; *Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the variables, chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. METHOD: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 270 older adults. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics and a PC LISREL program for covariance structural analysis. RESULTS: According to modified model, chronic pain was found to have a significant direct and total effect on pain coping. Chronic pain and pain coping were found to have a significant direct and total effect on fatigue. Chronic pain, pain coping and fatigue were found to have a significant direct and total effect on self-esteem. Chronic pain, pain coping, and self-esteem were found to have a significant direct effect on depression. CONCLUSION: This modified model is considered appropriate for explaining the relationship among chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. Also, the findings support the development of an intervention strategy to relieve chronic pain in elders.
Adult ; Chronic Pain* ; Depression* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia. The Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium has revised DLB consensus diagnostic criteria. We reviewed recent (fourth) clinical diagnosis criteria and treatment options. The revised DLB clinical criteria included clinical features and updated diagnostic biomarkers. Compared with third criteria, they removed suggestive features and reassigned rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in core clini-cal features with fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucination, and parkinsonism. They classified biomarkers into two groups, indicative and supportive biomarkers, according to diagnostic specificity and evidence quality. Indicative biomarkers in-cluded reduced dopamine transporter uptake in basal ganglia demonstrated by single-photon emission CT or positron emission tomography, low uptake 123 Iodine- metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy, and RBD in polysomnography. In treatment of DLB, cholinesterase inhibitor can improve cognitive function and activities of daily living. Neuroleptics should use with caution due to sensitivity in DLB.

PURPOSE: Neuronal damage induced by febrile seizure(FS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of medial temporal sclerosis, the pathologic hallmark of temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent data indicate that prolonged FSs induce transient structural changes of some hippocampal pyramidal neurons and long-term functional changes of hippocampal circuitry. In this study we have investigated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampal formation after FSs with in situ hybridization histochemistry using riboprobe. METHODS: FSs were induced in 21 day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats(five rats for each group), which had a mean weight of about 100g. Exposure to hyperthermia was achieved by maintaining the water in the beaker at a temperature of 45 degrees C by pacing it in a temperature-controlled water bath. The rats were decapitated at appropriate times(0 hr, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr) after FSs. In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed. The probe used in these studies were riboprobe complementary to the sequence 641-729 of rat BDNF. RESULTS: The induction of BDNF mRNA was observed in the dentate gyrus at 30 min after FSs. The expression in the dentate gyrus was gradually increased, peaked at 3 hr after FSs, and almost returned to basal level at 24 hr after FSs. The significant induction of BDNF mRNA was also observed in the CA3 area of hippocampus from 2 hr to 3 hr after FSs. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that BDNF is the gene whose expression can be altered by FSs and these gene might be related to pathologic alterations after FSs.
Animals ; Baths ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor* ; Dentate Gyrus ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Fever ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger* ; Sclerosis ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Water

In recent decades, laws for involuntary treatment have evolved in ways that protect human rights as well as public safety. Globally, many nations have legislation for psychiatric patients that provide procedural advocacy during their involuntary treatment while a court or another independent organization reviews its lawfulness. In contrast, people with severe mental illness in Korea risk encountering human rights violations and loss of timely treatment, because their involuntary admissions are primarily initiated by family members and civil doctors and not by courts or government. The Mental Health Promotion and Welfare Act, revised in 2016, does not address this fundamental weakness, instead restricting involuntary admission criteria and bypassing the implementation of any procedural assistance programs. Subsequently untreated patients lead to clinical aggravation and even serious felony offenses. This paper introduces New York State’s court-ordered treatment system via the Mental Hygiene Law as a model for the revision of Korean legislation. The findings show that involuntary admissions in New York State are initiated by many parties as well as familial relatives and may be held up to 60 days without any court order.However, patients are assigned legal counsel for the ability to request for a court hearing at any time during their admission. The Assisted Outpatient Program is another legal intervention that requires a person with a mental illness that would likely result in serious harm to self or others to receive supervised outpatient treatment. We argue that the New York State model can be implemented effectively in Korea considering its current medical and judicial status.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and associated factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. METHODS: We interviewed 90 patients with hip fracture with the aim of identifying underlying diseases and laboratory data. Cognitive function was measured with Mini Mental Status Exam-K (MMSE-K) before surgery. RESULTS: Delirium developed in 20 patients (22.2%). History of dementia (p=0.041) and mean score of MMSE-K (p<0.001) were significantly related to the incidence of delirium. An MMSE-K score less than 20 was an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium in patients with hip fracture. CONCLUSION: Cognitive impairment was a risk factor of postoperative delirium. MMSE-K is expected to be a simple indicator for predicting postoperative delirium in older patients with hip fracture.
Aged ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Risk Factors

Osseointegration ; Transplants ; Vertical Dimension

OBJECT: Peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC) were collected after remission induction chemotherapy and reinfused after intensified chemotherapy in order to increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy. METHOD: Collection of mononuclear cells(MNC) was started when CD34+ cells above 1% and WBC above 1,000/ul with mononuclear cell percentage above 30%, the collection procedures were done 2-6 times in each patient of total 6 cases. The collected MNCs were stored in -75 degrees C and reinfused after thawing in the water bath at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: Twenty three collection procedures from the 6 cases of acute leukemia had made effective MNC collection in 4 cases and mean collection efficiency was 49.8%(from 39.0% to 74.5%). Hematological changes after the procedure were mean reduction of hemoglobin 1.34g/dl and mean 20.25% of decreased platelet count. There were noticed transient symptoms of discomfort, coughing, chest tightness and dyspnea in association with the infusion of stored cells. CONCLUSION: The basic process for the peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) was accomplished with this supportive care for the consolidation chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Effective PBSCT would be warrented with more qualified process and high dose chemotherapy.
Baths ; Consolidation Chemotherapy ; Cough ; Drug Therapy* ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Platelet Count ; Remission Induction ; Stem Cells* ; Thorax ; Water

BACKGROUND: Both carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and global risk score of cardiovascular disease were independent risk factors of stroke and heart disease. We assessed the correlation between the 10-year risk of Korean Stroke Risk Prediction model (KSRP) and carotid intima-media thickness. Additionally, from a perspective of carotid IMT measurement following KSRP risk stratification, we analyzed the difference of carotid IMT and plaque according to the KSRP risk strata. METHODS: Subjects were 282 persons who visited one hospital for the screening of stroke. The 10-year risk was calculated automatically based on the equation of KSRP model. The maximal carotid IMT and the plaque were adopted as the study variables. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value of the KSRP risk categories were calculated. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between the KSRP risk and the maximal carotid IMT was 0.29 (p<0.01). The mean (+/-standard deviation) of KSRP risk of the group with carotid plaque was statistically significantly higher, 5.3 (+/-4.1), than that of the group without plaque, 3.3 (+/-3.1) (p< or =0.01). The sensitivity of the risk stratum with more than 6% of KSRP risk for the plaque was 28.2%. The positive predictive value of the above cut-point was 48.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The 6% of KSRP risk may be considered as the beginning point of intermediate risk stratum to recommend the carotid ultrasonography. However, generalization needs further studies for various populations.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Risk Factors ; Stroke