No abstract available.
Adult ; Humans ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset

BACKGROUND: There have been many reports on the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) but, the precise mechanism has not been elucidated. This study examined the protective effect of an inhibition of platelet activating factor(PAF) remodeling and the adhesion molecule on the oxidative stress of the lungs in rats with an endotoxin induced acute lung injury(ALI). METHODS: ALI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by instilling an E-coli endotoxin into the trachea. Ketotifen and fucoidan were used respectively to inhibit PAF remodeling and adhesion molecule. The lung leak index, lung myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity, bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid neutrophil count and lyso PAF acetyltransferase activity(AT), were measured and an ultrastructural study and cytochemical electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS: The lung leak index, lung MPO activity, BAL fluid neutrophil count and lyso PAF AT activity was higher in the endotoxin-treated rats. In addition, severe destruction of the pulmonary architecture and increased hydrogen peroxide production were identified. These changes were reversed by ketotifen. However, fucoidan did not appear to have any protective effects. CONCLUSION: The inhibition of PAF remodeling appeared to be effective in decreasing the endotoxin-induced ALI. In addition, this effect might be derived from the inhibition of neutrophilic oxidative stress. However, the inhibition of the adhesion molecules by fucoidan appeared to be ineffective in decreasing the endotoxin-induced ALI.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Ketotifen ; Lung* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neutrophils ; Oxidative Stress* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trachea

In 1963, Rowell et al. reported a new syndrome characterized by lupus erythematosus with erythema multiforme-like lesions and specific immunological abnormalities, termed Rowell syndrome. Herein, we report a case meeting the criteria for Rowell syndrome. A 30-year-old woman presented with annular, targetoid, erythematous, scaly papules and plaques on her face and the whole body. She also showed abnormal immunoserologic findings. A biopsy specimen confirmed lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme; therefore, she was diagnosed with Rowell syndrome.
Biopsy ; Erythema ; Erythema Multiforme ; Female ; Humans

Background: We investigated the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with undiagnosed diabetes through a nationwide survey, compared to those with known diabetes. Methods: Among the participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2017 to 2018, individuals aged ≥40 years with diabetes and fundus exam results were enrolled. Sampling weights were applied to represent the entire Korean population. Newly detected diabetes patients through KNHANES were classified under “undiagnosed diabetes.” Results: Among a total of 9,108 participants aged ≥40 years, 951 were selected for analysis. Of them, 31.3% (standard error, ±2.0%) were classified under “undiagnosed diabetes.” The prevalence of DR in patients with known and undiagnosed diabetes was 24.5%±2.0% and 10.7%±2.2%, respectively (P<0.001). The DR prevalence increased with rising glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with known and undiagnosed diabetes (P for trend=0.001 in both). Among those with undiagnosed diabetes, the prevalence of DR was 6.9%±2.1%, 8.0%±3.4%, 5.6%±5.7%, 16.7%±9.4%, and 42.6%±14.8% for HbA1c levels of <7.0%, 7.0%–7.9%, 8.0%–8.9%, 9.0%–9.9%, and ≥10.0% respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or obesity according to the presence or absence of DR. Conclusion About one-third of patients with diabetes were unaware of their diabetes, and 10% of them have already developed DR. Considering increasing the prevalence of DR according to HbA1c level was found in patients with undiagnosed diabetes like those with known diabetes, screening and early detection of diabetes and DR are important.

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has an essential role in the process of learning and memory in the hippocampus. It has been reported that linalool, a major component of Lavandula angustifolia, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, along with other effects. However, the effect of linalool on the cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations that are induced by REM-sleep deprivation has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have reported that REM-sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits provide a well-known model of behavioral alterations. In the present study, we examined whether linalool elicited an anti-stress effect, reversing the behavioral alterations observed following REM-sleep deprivation in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the effect of linalool. Spatial memory and learning memory were assessed through Y maze and passive avoidance tests, respectively, and the forced swimming test was used to evaluate anti-stress activity. The mechanisms through which linalool improves memory loss and behavioral alterations in sleep-deprived mice appeared to be through an increase in the serotonin levels. Linalool significantly ameliorated the spatial and learning memory deficits, and stress activity observed in sleep-deprived animals. Moreover, linalool led to serotonin release, and cortisol level reduction. Our findings suggest that linalool has beneficial effects on the memory loss and behavioral alterations induced by REM-sleep deprivation through the regulation of serotonin levels.
Animals ; Cognition Disorders ; Hippocampus ; Hydrocortisone ; Lavandula ; Learning ; Memory Disorders* ; Memory* ; Mice ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Physical Exertion ; Serotonin ; Sleep, REM ; Spatial Memory

The innate immune system confers first-line defense against various pathogens including bacteria and viruses. Early detection of invading pathogens by the host depends on a limited number of specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate signal transduction cascades that lead to activation of defense mechanisms. Among those sensors, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play crucial roles in the detection of viruses by recognizing intracellular viral patterns such as viral RNAs to induce type-I interferon production. The discovery of intracellular RNA sensing mechanism by RIG-I prompted the investigations to find out intracellular DNA sensors. Recently, several proteins including DAI, AIM2, IFI16, and cGAS have been suggested as DNA sensing molecules to detect DNA viruses and bacteria, suggesting there are multiple receptors for microbial DNA. In this review, we discuss the current our understanding of sensing microbial DNA and subsequent induction of immune responses.
Bacteria ; Defense Mechanisms ; DNA ; DNA Viruses ; Immune System ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferons ; Proteins ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; RNA ; RNA, Viral ; Signal Transduction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of plate fixation in the Vancouver B1 and C periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients who had sustained a Vancouver type B1 and C periprosthetic fracture after hip arthroplasty (years 2002-2012) were identified. The mean age was 66.0 years (range, 43-85 years) and the mean follow-up duration of the group was 38 months (range, 12-102 months). The dynamic compression plate (DCP) group included 12 patients and the locking compression plate (LCP) group included eight patients. Harris hip score (HHS) and walking ability, knee joint range of motion (ROM) were compared before injury and last follow-up. Fracture union rate and period were compared. RESULTS: The mean HHS score was 90.7 (64-96). There was no statistical difference between the two groups. At the last follow-up, knee joint ROM was 103.3degrees (105degrees-140degrees) in the DCP group and 118.4degrees (110degrees-140degrees) in the LCP group, showing good results in the LCP group (p=0.043). No significant difference in the fracture union rate and union periods was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A better result for the postoperative knee flexion exercise capacity was observed in the LCP group. Use of LCP plate fixation is a good option in management of Vancouver classification B1 and C PFF.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Classification ; Femoral Fractures ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Periprosthetic Fractures* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Walking

A young woman developed a hemilateral tonic spasm associated with multiple sclerosis. Her symptoms included brief recurrent episodes of abnormal, often painful, posturing of one or more extremities without alteration of consciousness. An area of demyelination in the contralateral cerebral peduncle was observed on a magnetic resonance imaging. The tonic attacks abated with carbamazepine therapy. The pathophysiology may involve ephaptic transmission between demyelinated fibers in acute plaques within the corticospinal tract secondary to axonal irritation by lymphokines. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):167~169, 2001)
Axons ; Carbamazepine ; Consciousness ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphokines ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Spasm* ; Tegmentum Mesencephali

A young woman developed a hemilateral tonic spasm associated with multiple sclerosis. Her symptoms included brief recurrent episodes of abnormal, often painful, posturing of one or more extremities without alteration of consciousness. An area of demyelination in the contralateral cerebral peduncle was observed on a magnetic resonance imaging. The tonic attacks abated with carbamazepine therapy. The pathophysiology may involve ephaptic transmission between demyelinated fibers in acute plaques within the corticospinal tract secondary to axonal irritation by lymphokines. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(2):167~169, 2001)
Axons ; Carbamazepine ; Consciousness ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphokines ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Spasm* ; Tegmentum Mesencephali

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare and acute pustular eruption that is often accompanied by fever and leukocytosis, which occurs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. In general, impetigo herpetiformis is regarded as a variant of psoriasis that has histopathologic features of pustular psoriasis. The lesions typically begin in the flexural areas, but rarely involve the mucous membranes. The face, palms, and soles are commonly spared. However, we report a 29-year-old woman with impetigo herpetiformis showing mucosal, face and palm involvement, atypical skin manifestation.
Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Impetigo ; Leukocytosis ; Mucous Membrane ; Pregnancy ; Psoriasis ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations