No abstract available.
Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Objective: A suicide attempt by self-poisoning is a common cause of admissions to the emergency department (ED). Management of such intentiona poisoning often requires complicated medical procedures, resulting in a longer length of stay (LOS) as compared to other cases that require treatment in the ED. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting a longer LOS in self-poisoning patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study wherein all the medical charts of patients who visited the ED of one hospital, from August 2016 to July 2019, because of intentional self-poisoning, were reviewed. Results: Most of the patients visited the ED involuntarily and there were almost twice as many female patients as males. Almost half of the patients were referred to the psychiatry department. A comparison of various factors within the LOS groups revealed significant differences in mental status, guardian co-visitation, patient gender, psychiatric referral, and poisoning substance. Moreover, the LOS had a stronger association with the pre-consultation period than the consultation to decision-making period. Conclusion To reduce the LOS, it seems important to make a rapid decision on whether to observe the patient in the ED and wait until the workup is completed or to admit and then evaluate the patient in the ward. If the clinicians cannot obtain enough information to evaluate the patient for appropriate management, short-term admission may be an option to reduce the LOS and to provide a stable evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Leptin, produced in the adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of body weight. The release of the leptin is increased in obese adults even in children. This study investigated whether the serum leptin in cord blood was related to babys birth weight and metabolic parameters. METHODS: 71 pairs of singleton pregnancy babies and their mother were studied. Babies are classified in LGA (large for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age), SGA (small for gestational age) three groups. After delivery, cord blood and maternal venous blood samples were drawn. We measured the plasma leptin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, insulin and proinsulin in cord and maternal serum. RESULTS: The concentration of leptin from cord blood was increased in LGA babies and decreased in SGA babies compued with the level in AGA babies. There was positive correlatian (r=0.55, p<0.01) between the plasma leptin level in cord and birth weight. There were positive correlatian between both the plasma proinsulin (r=0.37, p<0.01) and IGF-1 (r=0.32, p<0.01) and birth weight, too. But there was no difference between female and male baby's cord blood leptin level. In multiple regression analysis, cord blood leptin level was found independent factor related to birth weight ( p=0.001) CONCLUDION : The plasma leptin, proinsulin and IGF-1 is correlates to the birth weight. These data provide evidence that leptin and proinsulin are highly related to the nutritional status already during the fetal periods, and effect on the intrauterine fetal growth.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Birth Weight* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Leptin* ; Male ; Mothers ; Nutritional Status ; Parturition* ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Proinsulin

PURPOSE: There are ample experimental and clinical data showing that if the bladder does not receive a significant urine input for a prolonged period it suffers a reduction in capacity and develops hypertonicity. We investigated the urodynamic changes before and after renal transplantation in the patients of chronic renal failure(CRF) under dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urodynamic evaluations were performed in 47 CRF patients(25 males and 22 females, average age : 39 years) prior to renal transplantation and 4 weeks after renal transplantation. The clinical notes of each of the patients were reviewed to ascertain the cause of renal failure, duration and type of dialysis. RESULTS: The maximal flow rate , voiding volume, voiding time, volume of first sensation of fullness and the volume of urge sense were abnormally low in the patients of CRF, and the degree of deterioration was more remarkable in the patients of longer duration of dialysis, but the voiding detrusor pressure was within normal range in the patients of CRF irrespective of duration and type of dialysis. The maximal flow rate, voiding volume, voiding time, volume of first sensation of fullness and the volume of urge sense were increased significantly after successful renal transplantation, but the change of voiding detrusor pressure was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The bladder capacity of CRF patients under dialysis is decreased to physiologic disuse state because of decreased urine input into the bladder for a prolonged period, but the contractility is well preserved irrespective of duration of dialysis, and the bladder capacity is recovered in the course of time after successful renal transplantation.
Dialysis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Male ; Reference Values ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics*

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Metabolism* ; Ovulation Induction* ; Ovulation*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

BACKGROUND: Policy network theory was proved to be an appropriate analytic tool for the current social welfare policy making process. This study aimed to analyze policy making process related to the nurse expansion and policy output while focusing on the interactions and activities among various policy actors. METHODS: In this study, we used reports related to the need for expansion of nursing personnel journals, dissertations, newspaper articles, for hearings and debate policies for securing nurse data, and interviews. We examined three components of policy network, that is, policy actors, interactions, linkage of interest. RESULTS: For that to expand the nurse before the 2000s in expanding the supply of medical supplies have been conducted without much disagreement among policy actors under the government's initiative. However, there was lacked a close relationship between the expanding supply of nurses and inaccurate analysis of supply and demand. As the policy is applied between the various policy actors' needs and claims, conflict was intensified and many policy options had been developed. Government only took a role as a coordinator among policy actors in the 2000's. Also, it was difficult to find sufficient and clear evidence that policy-making process based on fair judgment. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is urgently required to determine the policy through a social consensus to address the appropriate policy means and the process by correct analysis of the policy issues.
Consensus ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Judgment ; Nursing ; Nursing Staff ; Periodicals ; Policy Making ; Social Welfare

Until recently almost exclusively clinicochemical urine parameters have been used to determine the risk of urinary stone formation, because the urinary stone disease is considered as one of metabolic disorders. But the morpholgy of renal pelvocalyceal system also affects on the formation of stone particle and its growth, mainly by establishing urinary stasis. We reviewed 163 excretory urograms retrospectively, and pelvocalyceal systems of healthy persons and urinary stone formers were compared with regard to their morphology. In summary of the study, the majority of pelvocalyceal systems of urinary stone formers showed (1) an increased number of papillae; (2) a greater cranial and caudal exlension of pelvocalyceal sysrem:(3) an increased circular radius of the pelvocalyceal system and hence an increased pelvocalyceal system volume ;(4) an increased pelvic area, especially an enlarged total calyx area and hence a larger total area. (5) a higher degree of ramification and a higher number of branches in the calyx groups ; (6) a more sharp angle between the most caudally situated calyx neck and the direction of pelvic outlet :(7) a highly situated origin or the ureter more frequently ;(8) more frequent ampullary patterns of pelvocalyceal system. But the number of major calyx, the total calyx angle and the angle between the direction of pelvic outlet and the main direction of the ureter showed no statistically significant difference between the urinary stone formers and the healthy persons. The results indicate that the study on the morphology of the renal pelvocalyceal system by excretory urography may be used as a screening test to determine the risk of urinary stone formation.
Humans ; Mass Screening ; Neck ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urography*

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Vulva