PURPOSE: To investigate which factors primarily influence refractory errors between various formulas used to calculate intraocular lens (IOL) power. METHODS: Records of 266 eyes of 191 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery were reviewed retrospectively. IOL power was determined using SRK/T, HofferQ (H/Q), Master SRK/T (M/T), Master HofferQ (M/Q), Master Holladay (M/Hol), and Master Haigis (M/Hai). The mean absolute error (MAE) of each formula was compared; MAE was defined as the difference between the postoperative spherical equivalence (SE) determined 1 month after surgery and the predicted SE. Factors that could have influenced interformula refractive errors were analyzed. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on average keratometric value (Kavg) and the inter-group differences of the AE of each formula were analyzed. Effects of corneal curvature on changes in AE of each formula were evaluated by linear regression. RESULTS: The MAE was minimized in the M/T formula, followed by the M/Hol, M/Hai, SRK/T, H/Q, and M/Q formulas. Interformula MAE differences were not statistically significant. Kavg and AXL were significantly influenced by the different predictive values between formulas in univariate analysis, but only AXL was significant in multivariate analysis. The AE in each formula among the 3 groups according to keratometry was significantly different in SRK, M/Hol, and M/Hai. Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between Kavg, AE of SRK/T and the MHai formula. In particular, this effect was more pronounced in those with short AXL (<22.5 mm). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant MAE differences between formulas. AXL was a significant factor that influenced the differences between formulas. SRK/T and M/Hai may be affected by outside the normal range of corneal curvatures.
Cataract ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Linear Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Reference Values ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: Marijuana is one of the most frequently abused drug in Korea and its adverse health effects are controversial. p53 is known to be crucial in regulating the DNA damage responses, and adverse effects can occur when it is regulated by marijuana smoke. We evaluated a role of p53 on genotoxic effect and apoptosis in lung cancer cells exposed to marijuana smoke condensates (MSCs). METHODS: The p53-related genotoxicity and apoptosis of MSCs were evaluated using in vitro bioassay, viz., comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and apoptosis assay. We used two cell lines with differential p53 expression (p53-wildtype (WT) H460 and p53-null H1299). RESULTS: MSCs significantly increased DNA breakages and chromosomal changes in p53-WT H460 and p53-null H1299 cells. The genotoxicity induced by MSCs in p53-null H1299 cells showed greater sensitivity than p53-WT H460 cells. Moreover, MSCs showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis. The apoptotic responses induced by MSCs were higher in p53-WT H460 cells than in p53-null H1299 cells. Significantly increased mRNA expression or apoptosis related genes, including p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed in the p53-WT H460 cells exposed to MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MSCs induce DNA/chromosomal damages and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and p53 plays an important role in the cellular response to MSCs. The present study may have border implications for our understanding of pulmonary diseases.
Apoptosis ; Biological Assay ; Cannabis ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Line ; Comet Assay ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Micronucleus Tests ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Smoke ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

OBJECTIVE: To compare COH characteristics and IVF outcomes among IVF-ET patients who were treated with various therapeutic modalities for ovarian endometriomas and to propose effective pre-cyclic therapeutic modalities to improve IVF-ET outcomes in the patients with ovarian endometriomas. METHODS: All cases that had undergone IVF-ET after laparoscopy between January 1997 to August 2003 were reviewed. Forty-eight patients with tubal factor were assigned to Group I. Twenty seven, 22 and 38 patients diagnosed as severe pelvic adhesion with ovarian endometriomas by laparoscopy received only medical therapy (Group II), cyst aspiration (Group III), and sclerotherapy (Group IV), respectively. Laparoscopic cystectomy was performed in 20 patients (Group V). Resistance index was measured on day administering hCG. RESULTS: As compared with Group I, in Group II resistance index increased (p<0.05) but number of oocytes, good-quality oocyte ratio (mature and intermediate oocytes/total retrieval oocytes), fertilization rate, and embryo development rate decreased (p<0.05). In Group III fertilization rate and embryo development rate decreased (p<0.05). There was no difference between Group IV and Group I in all parameters except basal FSH which increased (p<0.05). In Group V basal FSH, and resistance increased (p<0.05) and number of oocytes and good-quality oocytes ratio decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sclerotherapy is an effective therapeutic option which can be done prior to IVF-ET cycles in the patients with ovarian endometriomas. Further studies on a large scale are necessary to confirm these data.
Cystectomy ; Embryonic Development ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sclerotherapy

Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor arising from uterine muscle or vascular wall. The disease grows into pelvic venous channel, and can extend to inferior vena cava, and, in exceptional cases, right side of the heart. A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis is presented with a brief review of literatures. A 42-year-old woman presented with one month history of vague right lower quadrant pain and leg swelling. Six years before admission, she had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy for leiomyoma of the uterus and excision of recurred mass and right salpingo-oophorectomy 32 months ago. During the follow-up, right adnexa mass was detected and the size grew progressively, so transferred to our hospital. CT scan and venograpy revealed out the large pelvic cavity mass and intravenous extension to right common iliac vein, bifurcation of IVC. Preoperative tumor embolization followed by resection of recurred pelvic tumor, removal of intravenous tumor via internal iliac vein venotomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy were done. After the operation, the symptoms were relieved and the patient resumed her normal activity.
Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Iliac Vein ; Leg ; Leiomyoma ; Leiomyomatosis ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uterus ; Vena Cava, Inferior

About 90% of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas originate from the B-cell and less than 10% from the T-cell. In respect of anatomical location, the stomach is the most common site of gastrointestinal lymphomas followed by the ileum, colon, and rectum. However, esophagus and duodenal lymphomas are infrequently involved. Primary T-cell lymphoma of the duodenum is not common and peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the duodenum is very rare. In Korea, there has been no case report of peripheral T-cell lymphoma which simultaneously involved the stomach and duodenum. In this report, we present a case of primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the duodenum and stomach. A 63-year-old man was hospitalized complaining of weight loss of 15 kg and dyspepsia for 2 months. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a large annular infiltrative lesion in the descending portion of the duodenum. At the posterior side of the upper body of the stomach, an ill-defined, broad, flat, and infiltrative lesion was also noted. Microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen showed that atypical bizzare lymphocytes infiltrated the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach. The lymphocyte was positive for CD3, CD5 and negative for CD20, CD23, and CD56 by immunohistochemistry. We made a diagnosis of primary peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the stomach and duodenum. We report a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the stomach and duodenum with a review of the literature.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum* ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Ileum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral* ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectum ; Stomach* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: To analyze the sonographic, morphologic, and internal echo patterns of endometriomas, and thus determine which ultrasonographic (US) findings assist diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven eases of pathologically proven adnexal masses in 130 women were divided into three groups: group I, in which endometriomas were diagnosed at both preoperative US and surgery (true positive) (n=97); group II, in which endometriomas were misdiagnosed at preoperative US, and were confirmed after surgery to be other pathologic entities (false positive) (n=10); group III, in which other adnexal masses were misdiagnosed at preoperative US, but were proven after surgery to be endometriomas (false negative) (n=40). The US findings in these cases were retrospectively reviewed in terms of (a) morphologic type: unilocular, multiseptated, multilobulated, solid and cystic, or mixed; (b) internal echo pattern: homogeneous fine, anechoic, fine septation, or complex; (c) size; (d) wall thickness; (e) the presence or absence of septation; (f) wall nodularity; (g) echogenic wall foci; and (h) a solid area. RESULTS: In group I, the most common morphological type was unilocular cyst (n=63; 65%). In lesions most commonly emitted homogeneous fine echoes (n=76; 78%). In this group, most masses (86%) were less than 10 cm in diameter and the wall thickness in 65% of cases was less than 3 mm. Additionally, internal septation, wall nodularity, focal echogenic wall foci, and a solid area were observed at US. Group II, cases were pathologically confirmed as mucinous cystadenoma (n=3), mucinous cystadenoma with borderline malignancy, hemorrhagic cyst, functional cyst, endometrioid carcinoma, and hematoma. In group III, cases were misdiagnosed as cystadenoma (n=15), hemorrhagic cyst, teratoma, ovarian cancer, functional cyst and ectopic pregnancy at preoperative US. There were no significant differences in size or wall thickness between groups II and III, and group I. At US, groups II and III also showed internal septation, wall nodularity, focal echogenic wall foci, and a solid area, all of which were also apparent in group I. CONCLUSION: The US findings of endometriomas vary: the most common is homogeneous fine internal echoes (79%), found in 85% of unilocular or multiseptated cysts. Their appearance may also be atypical, however: namely solid and cystic or mixed type, with diverse internal echogenicity, and such masses should be differentiated from other adnexal masses such as cystic neoplasm, teratoma, hemorrhagic cyst, functional cyst and ovarian cancer.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Cystadenoma ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the research characteristics and the trend of the Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology by bibliometric analysis. METHODS: This study was a retrospective quantitative literature review of the publications. We collected data from the internet homepage of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology. Among 228 publications, a total of 225 articles were included in this analysis. The data were analyzed from different perspectives, including article types, study design, number of authors, type of toxic material, and the top five ranking prolific authors and the affiliated organization were identified. RESULTS: A total of 225 articles were analyzed; 98(43.6%) were original articles, 115(51.1%) were case reports, and 12(5.3%) were reviews. Among the original articles, nine were prospective studies and 89 were retrospective studies, which were assorted according to study design; there were two(2.0%) cross sectional studies, 93(94.9%) cohort studies, and three(3.1%) etc. The median number of authors per article was five and the top five ranking authors and affiliated organizations published 31.1% and 32.8% of total articles, respectively. The most abundant topic was pesticides, followed by natural poisons and poisons encountered in the work place. CONCLUSION: Since its foundation, the Journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology has published 19 issues and 228 articles and has played a key role in development of toxicology research in Korea. However, low ratio of original articles and a decrease in the number of recent articles indicates that greater effort is needed in clinical research. In addition, further interest of many experts and various institutions is necessary.
Bibliometrics* ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Internet ; Korea ; Pesticides ; Poisons ; Toxicology* ; Workplace

A case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, accompanied by valvular heart disease and Moya moya syndrome, has never been reported. Here, we report on a case that had mitral regurgitation and Moya moya syndrome, associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. This patient underwent a mitral valve replacement for mitral valve regurgitation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the pathological findings of the mitral valve showed a degenerative change, due to chronic inflammation, a proliferative fibrous change and calcification, but without thrombus formation. However, the patient returned to the hospital with a cerebral hemorrhage, which was caused by Moya moya syndrome. Surgical drainage was performed, and the patient was discharged without any complications. The patient is on anticoagulation and immunosuppression drugs, with no problems to date.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid* ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Drainage ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Inflammation ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: We report a case of a full-thickness macular hole which occurred many years after a blunt eye trauma leading to choroidal rupture. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old male visited our clinic with a complaint of decreased vision in his left eye 2 years in duration. He experienced a blunt trauma to his left eye with a baseball when he was 6 years old, although he did not complain of any visual disturbance in the left eye at that time. Fundus examination revealed a full-thickness macular hole with vertical fibrotic scar at the temporal side of the macula, which was thought to be a choroidal rupture induced by the previous blunt eye trauma. We performed vitrectomy and intravitreal tamponade injection. Two months later, the full-thickness macular hole completely closed and visual acuity of the left eye improved.
Baseball ; Choroid* ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Perforations* ; Rupture* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Eighteen patients with symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cysts underwent 27 surgical procedures between January 1990 and December 1995. These were analysed with respect to their surgical procedures and results, complications and prognosis retrospectively, with an attempt assess the efficacy of each surgical procedure. Thirteen patients underwent excision of the inner and outer membranes with fenestration procedures to the basal cisterns(primary excision group), resulting in excellent or good outcomes in 12 cases, of which three patients were subjected to secondary shunt procedures due to symptom recurrence in two and persistence of the cyst in one during follow-up radiological study. There were no significant complications in this primary excision group. Four patients out of five in the primary shunt group had good or excellent results. But shunt revisions had to be performed in two patients;of these two patients, one died from subdural empyema and sepsis while the outcome of the other one was satisfactory. The results of this study suggested that excision and fenestration should be considered as the primary procedure in patients with symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cyst, especially in the pediatric age group.
Arachnoid Cysts* ; Empyema, Subdural ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Membranes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis